"Brown Sugar" | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Single by The Rolling Stones | ||||
from the album Sticky Fingers | ||||
B-side | "Bitch"/"Let It Rock" (UK) | |||
Released | 16 April 1971 | |||
Recorded | 2–4 December 1969 | |||
Studio | Muscle Shoals (Sheffield) | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 3:50 | |||
Label | Rolling Stones | |||
Songwriter(s) | Jagger–Richards | |||
Producer(s) | Jimmy Miller | |||
The Rolling Stones singles chronology | ||||
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Audio sample | ||||
Alternative covers | ||||
"Brown Sugar" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written primarily by Mick Jagger,it is the opening track and lead single from their ninth studio album, Sticky Fingers (1971). It became a number one hit in both the United States and Canada. In the United Kingdom and Ireland,it charted at number two. In the United States,Billboard ranked it as the number 16 song for 1971.
Rolling Stone ranked it number 495 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2010 and number 490 in 2004 and at number five on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. [7]
Though credited to Jagger–Richards,"Brown Sugar" was primarily the work of Jagger,who wrote it sometime during the filming of Ned Kelly in 1969. [8] According to Marsha Hunt,Jagger's girlfriend and the mother of his first child Karis,he wrote the song with her in mind. [9] Former Ikette Claudia Lennear disputes this claim,saying that it was written about her. [10] In 2014,Lennear told The Times that she is the subject of the song because she was dating Jagger when it was written. [11] Bill Wyman stated in his book Rolling with the Stones (2002) that the lyrics were partially inspired by Lennear. [12]
"Brown Sugar" was recorded over a three-day period at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield,Alabama,from 2 to 4 December 1969. [13] The song was not released until over a year later due to legal wranglings with the band's former label. At the request of guitarist Mick Taylor (who had joined the band as Brian Jones' replacement in July 1969),the Stones debuted the number live during the infamous concert at the Altamont Speedway on 6 December 1969.[ citation needed ]
In the liner notes to the compilation album Jump Back (1993),Jagger says,"The lyric was all to do with the dual combination of drugs and girls. This song was a very instant thing,a definite high point". [14]
In a December 1995 Rolling Stone interview,Jagger spoke at length about the song,its inspiration,and its success,and credited himself with its lyrics. [15] Keith Richards also credits Jagger with the song in his autobiography. [16] Jagger attributed the success of the song to a "good groove". After noting that the lyrics could mean so many lewd subjects, [17] he again noted that the combination of those subjects,the lyrical ambiguity was partially why the song was considered successful. He noted,"That makes it... the whole mess thrown in. God knows what I'm on about on that song. It's such a mishmash. All the nasty subjects in one go... I never would write that song now." When interviewer Jann Wenner asked him why,Jagger replied,"I would probably censor myself. I'd think,'Oh God,I can't. I've got to stop. I can't just write raw like that.'" [15]
An alternative version was recorded on 18 December 1970 at Olympic Studios in London during a birthday party for Richards and Bobby Keys. It features appearances by Al Kooper on piano,and Eric Clapton on slide guitar. [18] The alternative version,which had previously been available only on bootleg recordings,was released in June 2015 on the Deluxe and Super Deluxe editions of the reissued Sticky Fingers album. [18] [19]
"Brown Sugar" was released in April 1971 as the first single from the album. While the US single featured only "Bitch" as the B-side,the British release also featured a live rendition of Chuck Berry's "Let It Rock",recorded at the University of Leeds during the 1971 tour of the United Kingdom.
The song is also the first single released on Rolling Stones Records (catalogue number RS-19100) and is one of two Rolling Stones songs (along with "Wild Horses") licensed to both the band and former manager Allen Klein (a result of various business disagreements),resulting in its inclusion on the compilation album Hot Rocks 1964–1971 . "Brown Sugar" is also included on the most significant latter-day The Rolling Stones compilations, Jump Back , Forty Licks ,and GRRR! .
To promote the song,the Rolling Stones performed on Top of the Pops with the performance taped sometime around late March 1971 and broadcast on 15 April and 6 May. They performed "Brown Sugar","Wild Horses" and "Bitch" for the show's segment dedicated to albums,which was shown on 22 April 1971;due to BBC practices at the time,the performances were erased and all that remains is "Brown Sugar". Saxophone player Trevor Lawrence mimes to Bobby Keys' actual solo.
In the United Kingdom,the single was originally issued in mono using a now-rarely heard bespoke mono mix. This mono mix has not been released on any compilation.
The song was performed routinely during the Rolling Stones' 1970 European tour,occupying a prominent spot near the end of the set list even though audiences were unfamiliar with it. The band opened the shows of their infamous 1972 American tour with "Brown Sugar",and it has since become a Stones concert staple. However,Jagger has changed some of the more controversial lyrics when performing the song live. For example,the first verse line "I hear him whip the women just around midnight" has been replaced with "you should have heard him just around midnight." [20]
Writing for Sounds in 1971,Penny Valentine praised "Brown Sugar",stating that it was her "choice as the best track". [21] Cash Box described the song as returning to "the fresh blues sound of the team's pre-Satanic days" with a "sax break,gritty wailing and the unique stones rhythm work." [22] Record World said that it "is firmly in [the Rolling Stones'] hallowed tradition of gritty,groovy music." [23] Writing for The Rag ,rock critic Mike Saunders found the single to be the "only especially noteworthy" track of Sticky Fingers (1971). [24]
The lyrical subject matter has been a point of interest and controversy. [25] Described by rock critic Robert Christgau as "a rocker so compelling that it discourages exegesis", [26] the song's popularity has often overshadowed its provocative lyrics,which explore a number of controversial subjects,including slavery,interracial sex,cunnilingus,and drug use. [27]
In 2021,the band announced that the song would be removed from the setlist of their US tour. [28]
Little Richard recorded a rendition of "Brown Sugar" for his album The King of Rock and Roll ,released in 1971. [29]
Weekly charts
| Year-end charts
|
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA) [51] | Platinum | 70,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI) [52] Physical | Silver | 250,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI) [52] Digital | Gold | 400,000‡ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |
The Rolling Stones [53]
Additional personnel
The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for over six decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the rock era. In the early 1960s, the band pioneered the gritty, rhythmically driven sound that came to define hard rock. Their first stable line-up consisted of vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist Keith Richards, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, bassist Bill Wyman, and drummer Charlie Watts. During their early years, Jones was the primary leader. Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager in 1963 and encouraged them to write their own songs. The Jagger–Richards partnership soon became the band's primary songwriting and creative force.
Exile on Main St. is the tenth studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released on 12 May 1972, by Rolling Stones Records. The 10th released in the UK and 12th in the US, it is viewed as a culmination of a string of the band's most critically successful albums, following Beggars Banquet (1968), Let It Bleed (1969) and Sticky Fingers (1971). Exile on Main St. is known for its murky, inconsistent sound due to more disjointed musicianship and production, along with a party-like atmosphere heard in several tracks.
Sticky Fingers is the ninth studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. It was released on 23 April 1971 on the Rolling Stones' new label, Rolling Stones Records. The Rolling Stones had been contracted by Decca Records and London Records in the UK and the US since 1963. On this album, Mick Taylor made his second full-length appearance on a Rolling Stones album. It was the first studio album without Brian Jones, who died two years earlier. The original cover artwork, conceived by Andy Warhol and photographed and designed by members of his art collective, the Factory, showed a picture of a man in tight jeans, and had a working zip that opened to reveal underwear fabric. The cover was expensive to produce and damaged the vinyl record, so the size of the zipper adjustment was made by John Kosh at ABKCO records. Later re-issues featured just the outer photograph of the jeans.
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"Wild Horses" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. It was first released in 1970 by the Flying Burrito Brothers as the Stones didn't think the demo was worth recording fully. It was subsequently recorded by the Stones for their 1971 album Sticky Fingers when they felt it was worth reconsideration. It was also released on 12 June 1971 as a single, with "Sway" as its B-side.
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"Bitch" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, "Bitch" is a "hard-bitten rocker" featuring Jagger on vocals and a powerful horn line. It was released as the B-side to the advance single, "Brown Sugar", from their ninth British and eleventh American studio album, Sticky Fingers. It was originally released one week before the album. Despite not being used as an official single by itself, the tune has garnered major airplay from AOR radio stations. The song was recorded in October 1970 at London's Olympic Studios, and at Stargroves using the Rolling Stones Mobile studio.
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