Calendula arvensis

Calendula arvensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Calendula
Species:	C. arvensis
Binomial name
Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. [1]
Synonyms [2]
List Calendula aegyptiacaDesf. Calendula alataRech.f. Calendula algeriensisBoiss. & Reut. Calendula amplexifoliaRchb. Calendula arvensis var. macroptera(Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo Calendula arvensis subsp. macropteraRouy Calendula bicolorRaf. Calendula brachyglossaRupr. Calendula byzantinaDC. Calendula cristagalliViv. Calendula echinataDC. Calendula gracilisDC. Calendula malacitanaBoiss. & Reut. Calendula malvaecarpaPomel Calendula micranthaBoiss. & Noë Calendula micranthaTineo & Guss. Calendula microcephalaKral. ex Rchb. Calendula parvifloraRaf. Calendula persicaC.A.Mey. Calendula sanctaL. Calendula sancta subsp. crista-galli(Viv.) Gallego & Talavera Calendula siculaDC. Calendula subinermisPomel Calendula sublanataRchb.f. Calendula sylvestrisGarsault Calendula undulataJ.Gay ex Gaudin Caltha arvensis(L.) Moench Caltha graveolensGilib.

Calendula arvensis

Calendula arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name field marigold. It is native to central and southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East ^[3] and it is known across the globe as an introduced species. ^{[4] [5]}

Calendula arvensis is an annual or biennial herb 10 to 50 cm (3.9 to 19.7 in) tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and borne on petioles from the slender, hairy stem. The inflorescence is a single flower head up to four centimeters wide with bright yellow to yellow-orange ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene which can take any of three shapes, including ring-shaped, that facilitate different methods of dispersal. ^{[6] [7]}

Achene

Calendula arvensis produce three types of achenes (fruits of the sunflower family), they are rostrate, cymbiform and annular. Rostrate and cymbiform are suitable for long-distance diffusion, because they have larger size and weight than annular, while annular is suitable for short-distance diffusion. ^[8]

References

1. Linnaeus, Carl (1763). Species plantarum (2 ed.). p. 1303.
2. "Calendula arvensis L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 23 March 2022.
3. "Calendula arvensis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
4. Flora of North America, Calendula arvensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2,. 2: 1303. 1763.
5. Altervista Flora Italiana, Fiorrancio dei campi Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. includes photos and European distribution map
6. Ruiz de Clavijo, E. (2005). The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae). Acta Oecologica 28:2 119-26.
7. Messina, Nino (2010). "Calendula arvensis". Actaplantarum. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
8. Ruiz De Clavijo, E. (2005-09-01). "The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae)" . Acta Oecologica. 28 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.03.004. ISSN   1146-609X.

External links

• Jepson Manual Treatment
• Calendula arvensis in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley