Captain (cricket)

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Ricky Ponting 2015.jpg
MS Dhoni 2016.jpg
Ricky Ponting (left) is the most successful ICC tournament-winning captain, having won 2 Cricket World Cups and 2 Champions Trophies as captain. MS Dhoni (right) is the only captain to win all 3 ICC limited-overs tournaments - The Cricket World Cup, the Champions Trophy and the T20 World Cup.
Clive Lloyd at 'Idea Champions Of The World' press meet.jpg
DARREN SAMMY.jpg
Clive Lloyd (left) is the first captain to win 2 Cricket World Cups alongside being the tournament's first ever victorius captain, while Darren Sammy (right) is the only captain to win 2 T20 World Cups.
Graemesmith.jpg
SRWaugh.png
Graeme Smith (left) holds the record for most Test matches as captain, as well as most Test wins. [1] Steve Waugh (right) is the most successful Test captain, with a winning ratio of 72%. [2]
Pat Cummins fielding Ashes 2021 (cropped).jpg
Mitchell Marsh.jpg
Some countries opt for a split captaincy, with different captains for different formats to manage workload. Pat Cummins (left) captains Australia in Tests and ODIs, while Mitchell Marsh (right) leads the team in T20Is.

The captain of a cricket team, often referred to as the skipper, [3] is the appointed leader, having several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of the other players. As in other sports, the captain is usually experienced and has good communication skills, and is likely to be one of the most regular members of the team, as the captain is responsible for the team selection. Before the game the captains toss for innings. During the match the captain decides the team's batting order, who will bowl each over, and where each fielder will be positioned. While the captain has the final say, decisions are often collaborative. A captain's knowledge of the complexities of cricket strategy and tactics, and shrewdness in the field, may contribute significantly to the team's success.

Contents

Due to the smaller coaching/management role played out by support staff, as well as the need for greater on-field decision-making, the captain of a cricket team typically shoulders more responsibility for results than team captains in other sports. [4]

Captain's responsibilities

During a match

The toss

Starting from team selection and then toss Before the start of a match the home captain tosses a coin and the away captain calls heads or tails. The captain who wins the toss is given the choice of whether to bat or bowl first. [4] The decision usually depends on the condition of the pitch and whether it is likely to deteriorate, the weather conditions and the weather forecast.

The decision also depends on the relative strengths of the team's batting and bowling. For instance in Test cricket, a side with only fast bowlers may choose to bowl first to try to take advantage of any early moisture in the pitch, knowing that it will be harder to take wickets later in the match. Similarly a side with a weak opening batting pair may choose to bowl first in order to protect their batsmen. [5]

Fielding positions

The captain decides where the fielders will stand, in consultation with the bowler and sometimes other senior players. The fielding positions will usually be dictated by the type of bowler, the batsman's batting style, and the captain's assessment of the state of the match (and hence whether to set an attacking or a defensive field). [4]

Bowling

The captain decides when each bowler will bowl. If a batsman is seeking to dominate the current bowler, the captain may ask someone else to bowl; alternatively, keeping the bowler on may be deemed the best chance of getting the batsman out or restricting the scoring rate. If the regular bowlers are not achieving the desired results, the captain may decide to use non-regular bowlers to attempt to unsettle the batsmen. The captain may also change the bowlers around to introduce variation, and to prevent the batsmen getting "set". [4]

In limited overs cricket the captain additionally has to make certain that bowlers bowl no more than their allotted maximum number of overs, and that experienced bowlers are available at the end of the batting side's innings, when the batsmen are usually looking to take risks to attack and score quickly. [4]

In the longer forms of cricket, when a new ball becomes available the captain decides whether to use it, and when given that it can be taken any time after it becomes available. [4]

Batting order

When the team bats, the captain decides the batting order. In professional cricket the captain usually changes the established batting order only for exceptional reasons, because batsmen tend to specialise in batting at certain positions. However, in certain circumstances it may be in the team's interest to change the batting order. If quick runs are needed, a naturally attacking batsman may be promoted up the order. A player who is 'in form' may be promoted to a higher batting position, at the expense of a player who is 'out of form'. [4]

If a wicket falls near the end of a day's play, especially if the light is failing, or if the bowlers seem particularly confident, the captain may choose to send in a non-specialist batsman, referred to as a nightwatchman. If the nightwatchman does not get out before the end of that day's play then the specialist batsman will have been protected, and will not need to bat until the following day when conditions are likely to have improved. If the nightwatchman does get out, the cost of losing a late wicket will have been minimised, because the specialist batsman is still available to bat. [4]

Declarations

The captain may declare the team's innings closed at any time, but usually only does so as an attacking ploy, for instance if the captain thinks the team has enough runs to win the match, or if a sudden change in conditions has made it advantageous to bowl rather than bat. [4]

Follow-on

In a two-innings match, if the situation arises the captain decides whether to impose the follow-on. [4]

Appeals

Fielding captains may withdraw appeals with consent of the umpires. [6] This often occurs in cases of injury, miscommunication, or unsportsmanlike conduct, and is considered to uphold the spirit of cricket and fair play within the game.

Miscellaneous

The captain is also consulted on whether an injured batsman from the opposing team may use a runner when batting. Permission is usually given if the batsman has become injured during the course of the match, but if the batsman was carrying the injury at the start of the match then the captain may refuse. (As of 2012, runners are not allowed in Test cricket and injured batsmen are required to continue batting with the injury or retire hurt.) [7]

Other duties

As well as decisions taken either immediately before or during a match, captains also often have some responsibility for the good running of the cricket club. For instance, they may decide when the team is to practice, and for how long. In professional cricket the captain often has some say in who will form the squad from which teams are selected, and may also decide how young up-and-coming players are to be encouraged and improved, and how members of the squad who are not regularly selected for first-team matches are to gain match practice. [4]

Prior to July 2015, the captain was responsible for deciding when to take batting and bowling powerplays in limited overs matches. [8]

Vice-captain

Vice-captains are sometimes considered the full-time successor to the incumbent captain. Michael Clarke was Australia's vice-captain for three years before succeeding Ricky Ponting as captain in 2011. Pm cricket shots09 5995.jpg
Vice-captains are sometimes considered the full-time successor to the incumbent captain. Michael Clarke was Australia's vice-captain for three years before succeeding Ricky Ponting as captain in 2011.

The captain may be assisted by a vice-captain or in some instances joint vice-captains. This is particularly useful if the captain is forced to leave the field of play during fielding. Some teams also allocate the vice-captain a more or less formal role in assisting with team selection, discipline, field-setting and so on. Sometimes the role of vice-captain is seen as preparation for the player(s) becoming the captain of the side in future. [10]

Current men's international captains

ICC Full Members

Nation Format Captain Vice-captain(s)
Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan [11] Test Hashmatullah Shahidi Rahmat Shah
ODI
T20I Rashid Khan Ibrahim Zadran
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia [12] [13] [14] [15] Test Pat Cummins Steve Smith / Travis Head
ODI Mitchell Marsh
T20I Mitchell Marsh Travis Head
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh [16] [17] [18] [19] Test Najmul Hossain Shanto Mehidy Hasan Miraz
ODI
T20I Litton Das
Flag of England.svg  England [20] [21] [22] Test Ben Stokes Ollie Pope
ODI Jos Buttler Harry Brook
T20I Phil Salt
Flag of India.svg  India [23] [24] [25] [26] Test Rohit Sharma Jasprit Bumrah
ODI Shubman Gill
T20I Suryakumar Yadav
Cricket Ireland flag.svg  Ireland [27] Test Andrew Balbirnie Paul Stirling
ODI Paul Stirling Vacant
T20I Lorcan Tucker
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand [28] [29] Test Tom Latham Vacant
ODI Mitchell Santner
T20I
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan [30] [31] [32] [33] Test Shan Masood Saud Shakeel
ODI Mohammad Rizwan Salman Ali Agha
T20I Vacant
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Test Temba Bavuma Aiden Markram
ODI
T20I Aiden Markram Heinrich Klassen
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka [39] [40] Test Dhananjaya de Silva Kusal Mendis
ODI Charith Asalanka Vacant
T20I
WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] Test Kraigg Brathwaite Joshua da Silva
ODI Shai Hope Brandon King
T20I Rovman Powell Vacant
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe [46] Test Craig Ervine
ODI Sean Williams
T20I Sikandar Raza Vacant

Associate Members

NationCaptainVice-captain
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Pedro Baron Hernán Fennell
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Aqib Iqbal
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas Gregory Taylor
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain Al Amin Shehzad
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Shaheryar ButtNemish Mehta
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize Kenton Young
Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda Terryn Fray
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan Jigme Singye
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana Karabo Modise
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Rashid Bazigar
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Prakash Mishra
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon Faustin Mpegna
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia Luqman Butt
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Nicholas Kirton
Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg  Cayman Islands Ronald Ebanks
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Kamlesh Gupta
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Wei Guo Lei
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Christopher Prasad
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus Scott BurdekinRoshan Siriwardena
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Arun Ashokan
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Hamid Shah Taranjit Bharaj
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia Marko Vaik
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini Adil ButtMancoba Jele
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Peni Vuniwaqa
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Nathan Collins
Flag of France.svg  France Gustav McKeon
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Venkatraman Ganesan
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Obed Harvey
Flag of Gibraltar.svg  Gibraltar Matthew Stokes
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Anastasios Manousis
Flag of Guernsey.svg  Guernsey Jamie Nussbaumer
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong Nizakat Khan Kinchit Shah
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Abhijeet Ahuja
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Dad Dahani
Flag of the Isle of Man.svg  Isle of Man Oliver Webster
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Herschel Gutman
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Marcus Campopiano
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Kendel Kadowaki-Fleming
Flag of Jersey.svg  Jersey Charles Perchard
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Shem Ngoche Lucas Oluoch
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Mohammad Aslam Bilal Tahir
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho Maaz Khan
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg Joost Mees
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Moazzam Baig
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Yacouba Konate
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Syed Aziz Virandeep Singh
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives Azyan FarhathUmar Adam
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Bikram Arora
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Tarun Sharma
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Kaleem Shah
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Gerhard Erasmus David Wiese
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Rohit Paudel Dipendra Singh Airee
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Scott Edwards Max O'Dowd
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Sylvester Okpe Ademola Onikoyi
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Raza Iqbal
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Aqib Ilyas
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Imran Bulbulia
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Assad Vala Charles Amini
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Matthew Spry
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines Daniel Smith
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Najjam Shahzad
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Muhammad Tanveer Mohammed Rizlan
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Ramesh Satheesan
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda Clinton Rubagumya
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Dom Michael
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Hisham Shaikh
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland Richie Berrington Matthew Cross
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Aleksa Djorovic
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles Kaushalkumar Patel
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone Lansana Lamin
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Manpreet Singh Janak Prakash
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Kyungsik Kim
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Christian Munoz-Mills
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname Shazam Ramjohn
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Abhijit Venkatesh
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Abhik Patwa Kassim Nassoro
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Ryan Raina
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Recep Ulutuna
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Riazat Ali Shah
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Muhammad Waseem Aayan Khan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Monank Patel Aaron Jones
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu Joshua Rasu Ronald Tari

Current women's international captains

ICC Full Members

Nation Format CaptainVice-captain
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Test Alyssa Healy Tahlia McGrath
ODI
T20I
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Test Nigar Sultana Nahida Akter
ODI
T20I
Flag of England.svg  England Test Heather Knight Nat Sciver-Brunt
ODI
T20I
Flag of India.svg  India Test Harmanpreet Kaur Smriti Mandhana
ODI
T20I
Cricket Ireland flag.svg  Ireland Test Laura Delany Gaby Lewis
ODI
T20I
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Test Sophie Devine Amelia Kerr
ODI
T20I
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Test Nida Dar Fatima Sana
ODI
T20I
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Test Laura Wolvaardt Vacant
ODI
T20I
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Test Chamari Athapaththu Anushka Sanjeewani
ODI
T20I
WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg  West Indies Test Hayley Matthews Shemaine Campbelle
ODI
T20I
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Test Mary-Anne Musonda Josephine Nkomo
ODI
T20I

Associate Members

NationCaptainVice-captain
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana Laura Mophakedi
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Roberta Moretti Avery
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Jeannette Gonzalez
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Huang Zhuo
Flag of France.svg  France Marie Violleau
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Anuradha Doddaballapur Christina Gough
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong Kary Chan
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Nasimeh Rahshetaei
Flag of Jersey.svg  Jersey Rosa Hill
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Queentor Abel Sharon Juma
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho Boitumelo Phelenyane
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Mary Mabvuka
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Caroline Owen
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Fatima Guirrugo
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Irene van Zyl Yasmeen Khan
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Indu Barma Bindu Rawal
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Samantha Agazuma
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Kaia Arua
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda Sarah Uwera
Flag of Samoa.svg  Western Samoa Regina Lili'i
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone Linda Bull
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Shafina Mahesh
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Inyeong Oh
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Elspeth Fowler
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Fatuma Kibasu
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Naruemol Chaiwai Nannapat Koncharoenkai
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Rita Musamali
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Chaya Mughal
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Sindhu Sriharsha
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu Selina Solman

See also

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References

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  3. ↑ ""skipper" Definitions". Wordnik. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "The Role of the Captain". DangerMouse. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "Numbers Suggest the Toss Has Never Been More Important in Test Cricket". Bleacher Report. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  6. ↑ "Appeals Law | MCC". www.lords.org. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
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  14. ↑ "Ready to captain Australia as long as long as the team needs me: Mitchell Marsh". India Today. 22 August 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  15. ↑ "Travis Head announcement delights cricket fans in huge Pat Cummins captaincy call". Yahoo! Sports. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
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  27. ↑ "Balbirnie appointed Ireland T20I captain". 29 November 2019.
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  30. ↑ "Shan Masood appointed Test and Shaheen Shah Afridi T20I captain". Pakistan Cricket Board. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
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  32. ↑ "Mohammad Rizwan calls it 'great honour' to be captain of Pakistan's ODI side". India Today. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  33. ↑ "Salman Agha sacked? Pakistan shockingly drop vice-captain from Playing XI in 1st SA T20I". Cricket Addictor. 10 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
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  35. ↑ "Bavuma replaces Elgar as Test captain, relinquishes T20 captaincy". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  36. ↑ "Aiden Markram Appointed New Captain Of South Africa Men's T20I Team For West Indies Series". ABP News. 6 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  37. ↑ "ODI World Cup 2023: Having IPL experience within the camp helps us as a team, says Markram". Sportstar. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  38. ↑ Tsotsi, Athenkosi (15 October 2024). "Captaining Proteas in a Test match a dream come true for Markram: 'It's the ultimate for me'". News24. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  39. ↑ "Dhananjaya de Silva named vice-captain in Sri Lanka Test squad". Daily FT. 14 July 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  40. ↑ "Hasaranga named Sri Lanka's T20I skipper, Mendis to lead ODI side". Sportstar. 30 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  41. ↑ "Kraigg Brathwaite replaces Jason Holder as West Indies Test captain". ESPNcricinfo. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  42. ↑ "Shai Hope and Rovman Powell take charge as West Indies white-ball captains". ESPNcricinfo. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  43. ↑ "Alzarri Joseph named vice-captain as West Indies announces 15-man squad for Australia Tests". Cricket Times. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  44. ↑ "Alzarri Joseph named vice-captain as West Indies name squad for England ODIs, Pooran and Holder missing". myKhel. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  45. ↑ "CWI Announces West Indies Test Squad for Home Series Against Bangladesh". 16 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  46. ↑ "Zimbabwe name Craig Ervine as limited overs captain; Sean Williams to continue leading in Tests". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
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