Caudron C.714

Last updated
C.714
Caudron CR.714.png
Caudron CR.714 fighter plane of Groupe de Chasse I/145, June 1940
RoleFighter
Manufacturer Caudron-Renault
Designer Marcel Riffard
First flight18 July 1936 (C.710)
Introduction 1940
Retired 1941 (Finland)
Primary users Polish Air Force in France
French Air Force
Finland
Produced1939–1940
Number builtapproximately 90
Caudron C.713 Caudron-Renault C.713.jpg
Caudron C.713
Caudron C.720 photo from Le Pontentiel Aerien Mondial 1936 Caudron C.720 photo Le Pontentiel Aerien Mondial 1936.jpg
Caudron C.720 photo from Le Pontentiel Aérien Mondial 1936

The C.710 were a series of light fighter aircraft developed by Caudron-Renault for the French Air Force just prior to the start of World War II. One version, the C.714, saw limited production, and were assigned to Polish pilots flying in France after the fall of Poland in 1939. A small number was also supplied to Finland.

Contents

Design and development

The original specification that led to the C.710 series was offered in 1936 in order to quickly raise the number of modern aircraft in French service, by supplying a "light fighter" of wooden construction which could be built rapidly in large numbers without upsetting the production of existing types. The contract resulted in three designs, the Arsenal VG-30, the Bloch MB.700, [1] and the C.710. Prototypes of all three were ordered.

The original C.710 was a monoplane of all-wooden construction developed from an earlier series of air racers. One common feature of these aircraft was an extremely long nose, with the cockpit far back on the fuselage. It had a fixed spatted landing gear; the vertical stabilizer was semicircular. [2] Armament consisted of a 20 mm Hispano-Suiza HS.9 cannon under each wing in a small pod, with 60 rounds per gun. [3] [4] The nose housed the 336 kW (450 hp) Renault 12R-01, a supercharged inverted air-cooled V-12 engine which was developed by putting together two Renault 6Q engines. [5] The aircraft

The C.710 prototype first flew on 18 July 1936. [4] The C.710 had a speed of 455 km/h (283 mph; 246 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft), [6] [4] but the Morane-Saulnier M.S.405 was finally selected instead, mainly due to its superior rate of climb. [3] The prototype C.710 was destroyed in a crash on 1 February 1938. [4]

The C.711 was a proposed racing aircraft which was not built and the C.712 was a version intended to break the World Air Speed Record. [7] It used the fuselage of the C.710 with the wing of the Caudron C.580, while its Renault 613 engine, although basically the same as that of the C.710, had its power increased to 750 hp (560 kW) by increasing compression, allowed by the use of 100 Octane fuel. [8] The C.712 made its first flight on 24 December 1936, [9] but was destroyed in a crash at Istres on 29 April 1937 during a record attempt. [10] The C.713, which flew on 15 December 1937, was a modified fighter which introduced retractable landing gear and a more conventional triangular vertical stabilizer. [4]

The final evolution of the 710 series was the C.714 Cyclone, a variation on the C.713 which first flew in April 1938 as the C.714.01 prototype. The principal changes were a new wing airfoil section, a strengthened fuselage, and, instead of two cannon, four 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns in the wing fairings. It was powered by the newer 12R-03 version of the engine, which introduced a new carburettor which could operate in negative g.

The French Air Force ordered 20 C.714s on 5 November 1938, with options for a further 180. Production started at the Renault factory in the Paris suburbs in summer 1939. [11]

Other projected versions were the C.720 trainer with a 75 or 164 kW (100 or 220 hp) engine, the C.760 fighter with a 559 kW (750 hp) Isotta-Fraschini Delta engine, and the C.770 fighter with a 597 kW (800 hp) Renault V-engine. None of these reached production.

Operational history

A Finnish C.714 Caudron C.714.jpg
A Finnish C.714

Deliveries did not start until January 1940. After a series of tests with the first production examples, it became apparent that the design was seriously flawed. Although light and fast, its wooden construction did not permit a more powerful engine to be fitted. The original engine seriously limited its climb rate and maneuverability with the result that the Caudron was withdrawn from active service in February 1940. In March, the initial production order was reduced to 90, as the performance was not considered good enough to warrant further production contracts. Eighty were diverted to Finland to fight in the Winter War. These were meant to be flown by French pilots.

However, events in France resulted in only six aircraft being delivered, and an additional ten were waiting in the harbour when deliveries were stopped. The six aircraft that arrived were assembled, tested and given registrations CA-551 to CA-556. The aircraft were found to be too unreliable and dangerous to use in Finnish conditions, and were not committed to combat. Two of the aircraft were damaged during a transport flight to Pori. Further, the Finnish pilots found that it was difficult to start and land the aircraft from the air bases at the front. The aircraft were maintained on the roster until they were retired and scrapped on 30 December 1949. One example, CA-556 was transferred to the maintenance personnel school as an instructional airframe. [12]

On 18 May 1940, 35 Caudrons were delivered to the Polish Warsaw Squadron, the Groupe de Chasse polonais I/145 , stationed at the Mions airfield. After just 23 sorties, adverse opinion of the fighter was confirmed by frontline pilots who expressed concerns that it was seriously underpowered and was no match for contemporary German fighters.

On 25 May, only a week after it was introduced, French Minister of War Guy La Chambre ordered all C.714s to be withdrawn from active service. However, since the French authorities had no other aircraft to offer, the Polish pilots ignored the order and continued to fly the Caudrons. Despite flying a fighter hopelessly outdated compared to the Messerschmitt Bf 109E, the Polish pilots scored 12 confirmed and three unconfirmed victories in three battles between 8 June and 11 June, losing nine in the air and nine more on the ground. Among the aircraft shot down were four Dornier Do 17 bombers, and also three Messerschmitt Bf 109 and five Messerschmitt Bf 110 fighters.

The Caudron fighter was also used by the Polish training squadron based in Bron near Lyon. Although the pilots managed to disperse several bombing raids, they did not score any kills; but they did not lose any aircraft either. By the end of June when France fell, only 53 production machines had been delivered (although the number varies, 98 is another common figure).

Operators

Caudron CR.714 fighter plane of Groupe de Chasse I/145, June 1940 Caudron CR.714.png
Caudron CR.714 fighter plane of Groupe de Chasse I/145, June 1940
Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Nazi Germany
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  France
Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  Vichy France
Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg  Poland

Survivors

One full CR.714 airframe as well as one additional fuselage were preserved in Finland. The fuselage was offered back to the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace where, as of 2015, it is currently undergoing restoration. [14]

Specifications (Caudron C.714)

Caudron 760.svg

Data from The Complete Book of Fighters, [15] Aviafrance : Caudron C.714 [16]

General characteristics

Performance

467 km/h (290 mph; 252 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)

Armament

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morane-Saulnier M.S.406</span> Type of aircraft

The Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 is a French fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by Morane-Saulnier starting in 1938. It was France's most numerous fighter during the Second World War and one of only two French designs to exceed 1,000 in number. At the beginning of the war, it was one of only two French-built aircraft capable of 400 km/h (250 mph) – the other being the Potez 630.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bloch MB.150</span> Type of aircraft

The Bloch MB.150 was a French fighter aircraft developed and produced by Société des Avions Marcel Bloch. It featured an all-metal construction, complete with a retractable undercarriage, low cantilever wing and a fully enclosed cockpit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latécoère 28</span> Type of aircraft

The Latécoère 28 was a long distance monoplane aircraft designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Latécoère.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bloch MB.170</span> 1938 bomber aircraft family by Avion Marcel Bloch

The Bloch MB.170 and its derivatives were French reconnaissance bombers designed and built shortly before the Second World War. They were the best aircraft of this type available to the Armée de l'Air at the outbreak of the war, with speed, altitude and manoeuvrability that allowed them to evade interception by the German fighters. Although the aircraft could have been in service by 1937, debate over what role to give the aircraft delayed deliveries until 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron G.3</span> Type of aircraft

The Caudron G.3 was a single-engined French sesquiplane built by Caudron, widely used in World War I as a reconnaissance aircraft and trainer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potez 25</span> Type of aircraft

Potez 25 was a French twin-seat, single-engine sesquiplane designed during the 1920s. A multi-purpose fighter-bomber, it was designed as a line aircraft and used in a variety of roles, including fighter and escort missions, tactical bombing and reconnaissance missions. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Potez 25 was the standard multi-purpose aircraft of over 20 air forces, including French and Polish. It was also popular among private operators, notably mail transport companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard 190</span> 1928 French airliner

The Bernard 190 or Bernard-Hubert 190 was a French airliner of 1928. It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration, based on the Bernard 18. Compared with its predecessor, it kept the same basic design but featured redesigned tail surfaces, an enlarged cabin, and offered its flight crew a completely enclosed cockpit. Also like its predecessor, the basic airliner model provided the basis for a long-range aircraft to be used in record attempts, the 191GR.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morane-Saulnier M.S.225</span> Type of aircraft

The Morane-Saulnier M.S.225 was a French fighter aircraft of the 1930s. It was produced in limited quantities to be used as a transitional aircraft between the last of the biplanes and the first monoplane fighters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dewoitine D.332</span> Type of aircraft

The Dewoitine D.332 was an eight-passenger airliner designed and built by the French aircraft manufacturer Dewoitine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron C.460</span> Type of aircraft

The Caudron C.450 and C.460 were French racing aircraft built to participate in the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race of 1934.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caudron C.690</span> Type of aircraft

The Caudron C.690 was a single-seat training aircraft developed in France in the late 1930s to train fighter pilots to handle high-performance aircraft. It was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane that bore a strong resemblance to designer Marcel Riffard's racer designs of the same period. Caudron attempted to attract overseas sales for the aircraft, but this resulted in orders for only two machines - one from Japan, and the other from the USSR. In the meantime, the first of two prototypes was destroyed in a crash that killed René Paulhan, Caudron's chief test pilot.

The Dewoitine D.33 was a single-engine low-wing all-metal monoplane aircraft designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Dewoitine. It is best remembered for setting a long-distance world record on its maiden flight in 1930.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairey Fantôme</span> Type of aircraft

The Fairey Fantôme, also known as the Fairey Féroce, was a Belgian fighter prototype of the mid-1930s. The prototype was designed and built by Fairey Aviation and three production aircraft were assembled in Belgium by Avions Fairey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potez 53</span> Racing aircraft

The Potez 53 was a French low-wing enclosed cockpit single-seat cantilever monoplane racing aircraft built by Potez to specifically to compete in the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race, which it won outright.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SAB AB-20</span> 1930s French bomber aircraft

The SAB AB-20 was a large four engine twin boom French bomber built in the early 1930s as a development of the Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 airliner. It featured a lifting body of thick airfoil section between the inner engines. It was later modified for the attack role; a second aircraft, the AB-21, had different engines and cleaner aerodynamics but no more were built.

The Polish Fighter Squadron, also known by its designation GC I/145, was the largest fighter unit of the Polish Air Forces in France. Formed of Polish pilots who evaded capture by the Nazis and the Soviets in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of 1939, the unit was initially earmarked to be sent to Finland as part of the aborted plan of Allied intervention in the Winter War. Eventually it took part in the Battle of France defending the French skies along with the allied armies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SNCAC NC.1070</span> Type of aircraft

The SNCAC NC.1070 was a piston engined attack and torpedo bomber designed and built in France shortly after World War II. The second prototype, the NC1071, was the first French multi-jet turbine powered aircraft.

The Caudron C.580 was a French advanced trainer aircraft intended to prepare pilots for the new low wing monoplane fighters of the mid-1930s. It did not go into production and only two were built.

The Loire 45 was a 1930s French single seat fighter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renault 12R</span> 1930s French piston aircraft engine

The Renault 12R was an air-cooled inverted V12 aircraft engine developed by the French engineering company Renault in the 1930s. The design was based on mounting two 6Q six-cylinder engines on a single crankshaft. In production, the engine was rated between 450 and 500 hp, although a high performance version built for the sole Caudron C.712 racing special produced 730 hp (540 kW). More than one third of production went to power the Caudron C.714 light fighter that fought in the early stages of World War II for the French and Polish Air Forces.

References

Notes

  1. "MB 700: origins, characteristics and performance data". Dassault Aviation, a major player to aeronautics. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  2. Mihaly May 1972, p. 2
  3. 1 2 Mihaly May 1972, p. 3
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 111.
  5. "The engine of the Caudron CR.714". Ailes Anciennes Le Bourget (in French). Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  6. Mihaly July 1972, p. 7
  7. Green 1960, p. 39
  8. Robinson 1976, pp. 8–9
  9. Robinson 1976, p. 9
  10. Robinson 1976, pp. 11–12
  11. Green 1960, pp. 39–40.
  12. Stockton, Harold E. Jr. (8 October 1998). "Under French Skies". lonestar.texas.net. Snow Leopard Productions. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  13. "Caudron-Renault C.714 Cyclone". Aviastar.org.
  14. Frikke, Erik. "Caudron CR.714 Cyclone, CA-556 / 8538/6, Polish Aviation Museum". abpic.co.uk. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  15. Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 112.
  16. Parmentier, Bruno (15 November 1998). "Caudron C.714". Aviafrance (in French). Retrieved 25 May 2019.

Bibliography