In Britain and America, it is often found as a hybrid[2] of black knapweed, Centaurea nigra.[3] Unlike the black knapweed, the flower heads always look as if they are rayed, forming a more open star rather than a brush-like tuft.
Distribution
Brown knapweed is native to Europe, extending to West Siberia and Caucasus. It has been introduced in North America, where it is often considered an invasive species, particularly in the northeastern United States and Canada. [4]
Description
Habit
Perennial herb that grows up to 20-100 cm tall.
Stem
Single or branched, straight erect, angular and rough.
Leaves
Stem leaves gathered in a rosette, single, ovate to lanceolate, often pinnately-arched, petioled. Stem leaves sedentary, entire-edged with a tapered base.
Flowers
Collected in baskets set singly at the top of the stems, 2-6 cm wide. The basket has a perianth that is 1-2 cm long, egg-shaped. The leaves of the sheath are rounded, entire-edged, or crested, pale to brown in color. Flowers are tubular, violet-purple, occasionally white. Marginal flowers larger, fertile with a distinctly bipinnate corolla, inner flowers hermaphroditic. The stamens push the anthers upward under the touch of an insect, making it easier for them to carry pollen. Flowering occurs from June to October.
Fruits
Shiny achenes, inverted ovate, about 3 mm long, without a pappus. [5][6]
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