Central Milton Keynes

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Central Milton Keynes
Civil parish and central business district
Hotel La Tour, Central Milton Keynes.jpg
MiltonKeynesXScape01.jpg
MK Gallery. Photo - 6a.jpg
Midsummer Place, Milton Keynes - geograph.org.uk - 1207993.jpg
Top to bottom, left to right: Hotel La Tour from Campbell Park; the Xscape dome; Milton Keynes Gallery; the arc (almost) joining the Midsummer Place and the Centre:MK
Location map United Kingdom Milton Keynes.png
Red pog.svg
Central Milton Keynes
Location within the Milton Keynes region
Buckinghamshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Central Milton Keynes
Location within Buckinghamshire
Area0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2)
Population2,726 (2011 Census) [1]
•  Density 3,029/sq mi (1,170/km2)
OS grid reference SP851389
Civil parish
  • Central Milton Keynes
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town MILTON KEYNES
Postcode district MK9
Dialling code 01908
Police Thames Valley
Fire Buckinghamshire
Ambulance South Central
UK Parliament
Website cmktowncouncil.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Buckinghamshire

52°02′32″N0°45′35″W / 52.0423°N 0.7598°W / 52.0423; -0.7598

Contents

Central Milton Keynes

Central Milton Keynes is the central business district of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England and a civil parish in its own right, with a town council.

The district is approximately 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long by 1 km (0.6 mi) wide and occupies some of the highest land in the city. [2] It contains (behind the Central Library) the historic site of the moot hill for Secklow (or Sigelai) Hundred. [3] It is the site of the central retail, business, law enforcement and governmental districts, Milton Keynes Central railway station and around 2,000 residential dwellings.

Topology

Occupying 342 hectares (850 acres), [4] the district lies between Portway (H5, A509) to the north, the West Coast Main Line and A5 to the west, Childs Way (H6) to the south and the Grand Union Canal to the east. It is crossed from north to south by (in west to east order, major roads only) Grafton Gate (V6), Witan Gate, Saxon Gate (V7) and Secklow Gate, and Marlborough Street. It is crossed from west to east (in north to south order, major roads only) by Silbury Boulevard, Midsummer Boulevard and Avebury Boulevard. Midsummer Boulevard is the primary spine.

The district rests like a saddle across a long north-south ridge with its highest point here at a little over 110 metres (360 ft), falling east to 75 metres near the Grand Union Canal and 85 metres near the Central railway station. [2] This area is almost [lower-alpha 1] the highest point of Milton Keynes and includes the site of Secklow Mound, [5] the moot mound (meeting place) for the Secklow Hundred and a scheduled ancient monument, [6] just behind the central library.

Astronomical alignment

Midsummer sunrise is somewhere to the east – not actually on the alignment of Midsummer Boulevard: [...] But it was a good urban myth to lay down. Let's call that road Midsummer Boulevard because you could tell people that on Midsummer's Day, the sun rises at the end of it, which it nearly does. And the other two? We'll refer to our Anglo-Saxon heritage, because this is not an American new town... It's an English new town, in an English place, on a Common, where three Saxon Hundreds used to meet at that little mound behind the library. So we refer to Avebury and Silbury as being part of our historical and cultural references.


— David Lock [7]

I've always been interested in astronomy. It's something you've got to know as an architect when you're designing buildings: where [does] the sun rise in winter? Where [does] it set in summer? You've got to know that, otherwise you don't know where you're putting your building in relation to the cosmos. That goes in pretty early.


— Stuart Mosscrop, Head Architect for CMK [7]

While still on the drawing board, planners noticed that the planned main streets in the proposed city centre would almost frame the rising sun on Midsummer's Day. [8] [lower-alpha 2] This story has become embellished over time and, according to subsequent reports, they consulted Greenwich Observatory to obtain the exact angle required at the latitude of CMK, and persuaded the engineers to shift the grid of roads a few degrees in response. [10] [11] Physical reality does not match this report. From the highest point on Midsummer Boulevard, where the eastward horizon is unobstructed, the sunrise at 'first flash' is not aligned with the Boulevard. [12] In reality, the sun is somewhat elevated before alignment occurs, 40 minutes later. [13]

East of Marlborough Street: Campbell Park

Campbell Park from Hotel La Tour Campbell Park, May 2023.jpg
Campbell Park from Hotel La Tour

The park, with housing either side, takes up the larger part of the district. It was named in honour of the first chairman of Milton Keynes Development Corporation, Lord Campbell of Eskan. It stretches just east of the shops and theatre down to the Grand Union Canal. Among the features of the park is a belvedere with extensive views over Bedfordshire to the east and a cricket ground with pavilion. The Milton Keynes Parks Trust, which manages the park, grazes sheep on it to keep the vegetation under control. [14]

Marlborough Street (V8, B4034) runs in a cutting through the ridge, bridged by a redway (shared path) between the main centre and the park.

West of Marlborough Street, east of Saxon Gate: the main retail/service/entertainment district

Theatre (portico) Milton Keynes Theatre - geograph.org.uk - 746463.jpg
Theatre (portico)
Gallery MK Gallery. Photo - 6a.jpg
Gallery

This area is defined by the Marlborough Street (V8, B4034) to the north-east, the Saxon Gate (Saxon Street, V7) to the south-west, Portway (H5, A509) to the north-west and Childs Way (H6) to the south-east. The core retail district is further delimited by Silbury and Avebury Boulevards, with civic and office developments outside the Boulevards.

The retail district includes thecentre:mk and Midsummer Place (the covered high streets that are the Central Milton Keynes shopping centres).

The Secklow Mound, the Central Library, Milton Keynes City Council civic offices and other commercial offices are on the north side of Silbury Boulevard, which separates them from the shops. Midsummer Boulevard runs along the south side of the Centre:MK, separating the shops from the theatre, art gallery, Theatre District, the Xscape building, pubs, sports shops and other leisure facilities. The civic offices were designed by FaulknerBrowns Architects and completed in 1979. [15]

Xscape

Xscape Milton Keynes is the main leisure complex in Central Milton Keynes consisting of SnoZone, a real snow indoor ski slope, a multiscreen cinema, and a number of shops, restaurants and night clubs. At the rear of the site is iFly, an indoor skydiving column.

The municipal public art gallery, MK Gallery, presents exhibitions of international contemporary and classical art. [16] The gallery was extended and remodelled in 2018/19 and includes an art-house cinema. [17] [18] It does not have a permanent collection.

The adjacent 1,400-seat Milton Keynes Theatre opened in 1999. [19] The theatre has an unusual feature: the ceiling can be lowered closing off the third tier (gallery) to create a more intimate space for smaller-scale productions. [19] [20]

West of Saxon Gate, east of Grafton Gate: the main business district

Ecumenical Church of Christ the Cornerstone MiltonKeynesChristtheCornerstone01.jpg
Ecumenical Church of Christ the Cornerstone

This area is also delimited by Portway and Childs Way. Saxon Gate separates it from the north-east area and Grafton Gate (Grafton Street, V7) marks its south-western edge. The domed Church of Christ the Cornerstone, law courts and police station are in the business district, beside the small linear Fred Roche Gardens and Grafton Park that provides its core.

Ecumenical Church of Christ the Cornerstone

This ecumenical church, the first such in the United Kingdom, is shared by the major Christian denominations to serve the office workers and the small resident population. (There are many denominational places of worship elsewhere in Milton Keynes).

The Hub:MK

Multi-story apartments and Jury's Inn hotel form 'The Hub' HubMK.jpg
Multi-story apartments and Jury's Inn hotel form 'The Hub'

The Hub:MK is a 2006-built development between the station and the church, consisting of towers ranging between 10 and 14 storeys. The complex includes two high-rise hotels and a number of residential and office towers set around a central piazza. The site controversially involves the closure of one of the original pedestrian underpasses and is built right up to the edge of the adjacent boulevard, the first of several proposals that would have changed the unique character of Milton Keynes Development Corporation's original design for Central Milton Keynes. The work is part of the 'densification' plan that central government, through its agency English Partnerships, had ordained for Milton Keynes. Its height, also a major departure from the original low-rise design, makes it the third tallest building in Milton Keynes, beaten only by the 14-storey Xscape and the 18-storey Mellish Court in Bletchley.

To the south of the Hub lies a similar development named Vizion. This is similar in height and layout to the Hub but features a large Sainsbury's supermarket taking up the lower two floors with a rooftop garden above it. Vizion was completed in 2009, whilst the following year saw the completion of the 9-storey Pinnacle office development further west along Midsummer Boulevard from the Hub, closer to the railway station. The latter is distinctive for the slanted roof on its tallest section.

Higher education

As of 2022, Milton Keynes does not have its own conventional undergraduate university, though it contains the campus of the national Open University. There is an outpost of the University of Bedfordshire in a CMK office block. [21]

Cranfield University and the Milton Keynes City Council are partners in a detailed proposal to establish an undergraduate campus, code-named MK:U . [22] [23] The plan anticipates opening by 2023, [23] with a campus in the block contained by Grafton Street / Avebury Boulevard / Witan Gate / Childs Way. In January 2019, the partners announced an international competition to design the new campus. [24] In May 2019, Santander Bank announced a 'seed funding' grant of £30M to help with building and initial running costs. [23] On 4 July 2019, the shortlisted proposals for the campus were announced. [25] On 30 July 2019, the evaluation panel announced that Hopkins Architects had produced the winning design. [26]

As of January 2022, the project is stalled pending assurance of government funding. [27]

West of Grafton Gate: the station district

This district is defined by Saxon Gate (Saxon Street, V7) to the north-east, the West Coast Main Line (and the adjacent A5) to the south-west, Portway (H5, A509) to the north-west and Childs Way (H6) to the south-east. The core retail district is further delimited by Silbury and Avebury Boulevards, with civic and office developments outside the Boulevards.

Milton Keynes Central railway station and Station Square MiltonKeynesCentral-StationSquare.jpg
Milton Keynes Central railway station and Station Square

The main feature of the district is the Milton Keynes Central railway station (an inter-city stop on the West Coast Main Line), one of the seven [lower-alpha 3] stations serving the Milton Keynes urban area. Coach services operate from here as well as from the Milton Keynes coachway next to junction 14 of the M1 motorway. Services include the Stagecoach X5 service that replaces the Varsity Line, which links Milton Keynes with Oxford in the west (for connections to the west and Wales) and Cambridge in the east; and the 99 service to Luton Airport, operated by Stagecoach East. The station building houses commercial office lets and food outlets, and the Station Square development includes further office lets and retail outlets.

The bus interchange bays are located at the railway station forecourt. (The former central bus station is located opposite the railway station but has not been operating as such since 1997.[ citation needed ] The upstairs level of the bus station (formerly a night club) accommodates a young peoples' facility, 'the Buszy'. This includes an award-winning covered "urban" skate-boarding area, which has attracted international 'skaters' and film crews).

The former England National Hockey Stadium was located on a site to the north of the station, surrounded by a number of important retail units. Having been vacated, this was demolished in early 2010 and the site redeveloped as the Quadrant:MK, the headquarters for Network Rail. [28] To the south of the station, there is another leisure and retail area – the Leisure Plaza, notably the Planet Ice Arena (home of Milton Keynes Lightning) and what was another ten-pin bowling alley.

Civil parish

Central Milton Keynes is a civil parish, [lower-alpha 4] bordering (clockwise from north) Great Linford, Campbell Park (civil parish), Loughton, and Bradwell. [29] The parish was created in 2001, and had a population of 2,726 according to the 2011 census. [1]

ONS Urban sub-area

For the 2001 Census, the Office for National Statistics designated an urban sub-area that it called "Central Milton Keynes". This was far bigger than either the district or the parish. Since the 2011 Census, this nomenclature is no longer used.

Media

Locations around Central Milton Keynes were used for the movie Superman IV: The Quest for Peace , where it played the part of the United Nations building. Recognisable locations include Milton Keynes Central, CBX and the Argos (now Home Retail Group) building on Avebury Boulevard. [30]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Oakhill in Shenley Brook End, on the south-west edge of the city, is slightly higher.
  2. ↑ Only when seen uphill along Midsummer Boulevard from Midsummer Roundabout near the railway station. [9]
  3. ↑ Aspley Guise, Bletchley, Bow Brickhill, Fenny Stratford, Milton Keynes Central, Woburn Sands and Wolverton
  4. ↑ Uniquely, despite being the central business district rather than a traditional town, CMK has its own town council.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes</span> City in Buckinghamshire, England

Milton Keynes is a city in Buckinghamshire, England, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was 264,349. The River Great Ouse forms the northern boundary of the urban area; a tributary, the River Ouzel, meanders through its linear parks and balancing lakes. Approximately 25% of the urban area is parkland or woodland and includes two Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">City of Milton Keynes</span> Unitary authority area in England

The City of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority area with both borough and city status, in Buckinghamshire. It is the northernmost district of the South East England Region. The borough abuts Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire and the remainder of Buckinghamshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newport Pagnell</span> Human settlement in England

Newport Pagnell is a town and civil parish in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The Office for National Statistics records Newport Pagnell as part of the Milton Keynes urban area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bletchley</span> Human settlement in England

Bletchley is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated in the south-west of the city, and is split between the civil parishes of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and West Bletchley. In 2011, the two parishes had a combined population of 37,114.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Broughton, Milton Keynes</span> Civil parish in Milton Keynes, England

Broughton is a historic village, modern district and civil parish in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Central Milton Keynes. As of 2020, it is governed by Broughton and Milton Keynes Joint Parish Council, which it shares with the neighboring Milton Keynes parish. Today, Broughton is a large district of (greater) Milton Keynes that has been developed around the original village and that grew substantially during the 2000s and 2010s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Linford</span> Civil parish in Milton Keynes, England

Great Linford is a historic village, district and wider civil parish in the north of Milton Keynes, England, between Wolverton and Newport Pagnell, and roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Central Milton Keynes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolverton</span> Human settlement in England

Wolverton is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, England. It is located in the north-west of the city, beside the West Coast Main Line, the Grand Union Canal and the river Great Ouse. It is the administrative seat of Wolverton and Greenleys civil parish.

Denbigh is a district in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, to the north of Fenny Stratford and on the eastern side of the West Coast Main Line. It is in the civil parish of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and is categorised by the Office for National Statistics as part of the Bletchley built-up area. The A5 forms its eastern and northern boundary; parts of Bletcham Way and Saxon St form its southern boundary. The overall district has five sub districts, divided by Watling St/Denbigh Rd, the 'uptick' of Bletcham Way and Grafton Street, and Saxon Street northbound. The district names are planning designations that have persisted without ever being changed to the style "North Denbigh" etc. as is the norm elsewhere in Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes Central railway station</span> Principal railway station of Milton Keynes, England

Milton Keynes Central railway station serves Milton Keynes and surrounding parts of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire (England). The station is located on the West Coast Main Line about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of London. The station is served by Avanti West Coast intercity services, and by West Midlands Trains regional services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campbell Park</span> District and central park in Milton Keynes, England

Campbell Park is the name of the central park for Milton Keynes (England) and an electoral ward of the civil parish of Central Milton Keynes..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A509 road</span> Road in England

The A509 is a short A-class road for north–south journeys in south central England, forming the route from Kettering in Northamptonshire to the A5 in Milton Keynes, via M1 J14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes redway system</span> Shared path network in Milton Keynes, England

The Milton Keynes redway system is an over 200 miles network of shared use paths for cyclists and pedestrians in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is generally surfaced with red tarmac, and criss-crosses most of the city.

In January 2004, Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott announced the United Kingdom government's Expansion plans for Milton Keynes. However, the change of government in 2010 and the abolition of the Regional Spatial Strategy in 2012/13 saw these plans revoked and a planned expansion of up to 44,000 dwellings reduced to 28,000. The Milton Keynes Core Strategy was published in July 2013 and regards the figure of 28,000 new homes to be the minimum figure.

Xscape is a brand name for buildings developed by X-Leisure, now part of Land Securities. Typically they contain a real snow indoor ski slope, leisure facilities and related shops. As of 2017, there are two members of the chain, located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire and Castleford, Yorkshire. A former member in Scotland has been sold. Xscape Milton Keynes and Xscape Yorkshire were designed by FaulknerBrowns Architects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Milton Keynes shopping centre</span> Shopping centre located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England

The Central Milton Keynes shopping area is a regional shopping centre located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England which is about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. It comprises two adjacent shopping centres, thecentre:mk which opened in 1979, and Midsummer Place opened in 2000. The centre:mk is anchored by John Lewis and Marks & Spencer. The complex is the 14th largest shopping centre in the UK, with the size of 120,773 sq metres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Milton Keynes</span> History of the city in England

This history of Milton Keynes details its development from the earliest human settlements, through the plans for a 'new city' for 250,000 people in northern Southeast England, its subsequent urban design and development, to the present day. Milton Keynes, founded in 1967, is the largest settlement and only city in Buckinghamshire. At the 2021 census, the population of its urban area was estimated to have exceeded 256,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes City Council</span> Unitary authority in England

Milton Keynes City Council is the local authority of the City of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, England. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It has both borough status and city status. The borough, which extend beyond the ONS-defined Milton Keynes urban area and encompasses a substantial rural component, is divided into 19 wards, electing 57 councillors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton Keynes grid road system</span> Top layer of street hierarchy

The Milton Keynes grid road system is a network of predominantly national speed limit, fully landscaped routes that form the top layer of the street hierarchy for both private and public transport in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. The system is unique in the United Kingdom for its innovative use of street hierarchy principles: the grid roads run in between districts rather than through them. This arrangement permits higher speed limits due to the absence of buildings close to the roads – although more recently some have been limited in part to 40 mph (64 km/h). The grid road system also serves an important purpose of discouraging through-traffic from travelling through neighbourhoods and thus reduces traffic noise and pollution in pedestrian areas. Motor traffic is segregated from pedestrian and leisure cycling traffic, which uses the alternative Milton Keynes redway system. Almost all grid junctions are roundabouts, and the absence of traffic lights enables free and efficient movement of traffic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buses in Milton Keynes</span> Bus services in and around Milton Keynes, England

Buses in Milton Keynes are run by a mixture of operators on a network of urban and rural routes in and around the Milton Keynes urban area. These services have a varied history involving five different companies. At the foundation of the 'New City' in 1967 and for some years afterwards, Milton Keynes was served by a rural bus service between and to the pre-existing towns. Apart from a small-scale experimental service, urban buses arrived on the scene with deregulation in 1986. Since April 2010 the core local services have been provided by Arriva Shires & Essex. Long-distance coach services also serve MK, often via the Milton Keynes Coachway located near junction 14 of the M1 motorway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of Christ the Cornerstone</span> Church in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Church of Christ the Cornerstone is an Ecumenical church in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. It was completed in 1991 and has the Church of England, the Baptist Union, the Methodist Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the United Reformed Church working together to share the space. It is situated in Central Milton Keynes on Saxon Gate, between Midsummer and Silbury boulevards, with the Fred Roche Memorial Gardens behind it. It was the first ecumenical metro centre church in the United Kingdom.

References

  1. 1 2 UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Central Milton Keynes CP (E04012182)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  2. 1 2 "Ordnance Survey 1:25000 Sheet 192". Streetmap.co,uk. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  3. ↑ Information board at the site, at 52°02′40″N0°45′36″W / 52.04444°N 0.76011°W ( SP8513239174 )
  4. ↑ "Central Milton Keynes (CMK)]". Milton Keynes Council. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  5. ↑ Adkins, R; Petchey, M. (1984). "Secklow hundred mound and other meeting place mounds in England". Archaeological Journal. 141: 243–251. doi:10.1080/00665983.1984.11077777.
  6. ↑ Historic England. "Secklow Hundred mound (1007940)". National Heritage List for England .
  7. 1 2 Kitchen, Roger (2007). Hill, Marion (ed.). 'The story of the original CMK' ... told by the people who shaped the original Central Milton Keynes (interviews). Milton Keynes: Living Archive. p. 103. ISBN   978-0-904847-34-5 . Retrieved 4 December 2019. (Lock is visiting professor of town planning at Reading University. He was the chief town planner for CMK.)
  8. ↑ Kitchen, Roger (2007). Hill, Marion (ed.). 'The story of the original CMK' ... told by the people who shaped the original Central Milton Keynes (interviews). Milton Keynes: Living Archive. p. 103. ISBN   978-0-904847-34-5 . Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  9. ↑ "Computation path of the sun for: MK9 1AZ, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, 20 June 2020, 05:20 UTC+1". suncalc.org. Retrieved 2 December 2019. Altitude 3.19°
  10. ↑ Jacob, Sam (22 May 2015). "Derek Walker obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  11. ↑ Barkham, Patrick (3 May 2016). "The struggle for the soul of Milton Keynes". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  12. ↑ "Computation path of the sun for: MK9 3NB, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, 20 June 2020, 04:42 UTC+1". suncalc.org. Retrieved 3 December 2019. Altitude (of centre of sun) -0.26°
  13. ↑ "Computation path of the sun for: MK9 3NB, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, 20 June 2020, 05:20 UTC+1". suncalc.org. Retrieved 3 December 2019. Altitude (of centre of sun) 3.9°, (making its entire diameter more than 3° clear of the horizon).
  14. ↑ "Campbell Park". The Parks Trust. October 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019. ⚠ Sheep are back in Campbell Park - October 2019. Please can we urge all dog walkers and owners to please ensure dogs are kept on lead in any of our grazing fields in these areas. We appreciate your support in looking after our sheep.
  15. ↑ "Milton Keynes New Town Heritage Register" (PDF). Milton Keynes Forum. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  16. ↑ "Milton Keynes Gallery". Destination MK. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  17. ↑ Williams, Fran (11 March 2019). "MK Gallery by 6a architects to open doors this weekend". The Architects'Journal. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  18. ↑ Brown, Paige (1 March 2019). "New cinema set to open in Milton Keynes this month". Milton Keynes Citizen. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  19. 1 2 "Milton Keynes Theatre & Art Gallery Complex". Architects' Journal Building Library. 1999. Retrieved 8 February 2019. Includes photographs, drawings and working details.
  20. ↑ Barron, Michael (28 September 2009). Auditorium Acoustics and Architectural Design. Spon Press. ISBN   9780419245100.
  21. ↑ "Milton Keynes campus". University of Bedfordshire.
  22. ↑ "Project Two: MK:U A new University for Milton Keynes". MK2050 Futures Commission. October 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  23. 1 2 3 "Santander provides £30m boost to plans for innovative new university in Milton Keynes". MKFM. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  24. ↑ Fulcher, Merlin (31 January 2019). "Competition: MK:U, Milton Keynes". The Architects' Journal . Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  25. ↑ Fulcher, Merlin (4 July 2019). "Milton Keynes £188m university contest finalists revealed". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
  26. ↑ "Milton Keynes university contest winner revealed". Architects Journal. 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  27. ↑ "Milton Keynes: New university project for 2023 delayed". BBC News. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  28. ↑ Network Rail opens The Quadrant:MK Railway Gazette International, 1 June 2012
  29. ↑ Parishes in Milton Keynes – Milton Keynes Council. Archived 8 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ "Filming Locations for Superman IV". Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
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