Checkered keelback

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Checkered keelback
Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator Schneider, 1799 Assam by Dr Raju Kasambe DSC 0477 (2).JPG
in Assam
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Fowlea
Species:
F. piscator
Binomial name
Fowlea piscator
(Schneider, 1799)
Synonyms [2]
  • Hydrus piscator
    Schneider, 1799
  • Natrix piscator
    Merrem, 1820
  • Tropidonotus quincunciatus
    Schlegel, 1837
  • Tropidonotus piscator
    Boulenger, 1893
  • Nerodia piscator
    Wall, 1921
  • Xenochrophis piscator
    Cox et al., 1998

The checkered keelback (Fowlea piscator), also known commonly as the Asiatic water snake, is a common species in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia. It is non-venomous.

Contents

In Kerala Xenochrophis piscator - Checkered Keelback at Palappuzha (5).jpg
In Kerala
Checkered keelback with catfish kill, Kathmandu Checkered keelback at Taudaha, kathmandu.jpg
Checkered keelback with catfish kill, Kathmandu

Description

The eye of F. piscator is rather small and shorter than its distance from the nostril in the adult. Its rostral scale is visible from above. The internasal scales are much narrowed anteriorly and subtriangular, with the anterior angle truncated and as long as the prefrontal scales. The frontal scale is longer than its distance from the end of the snout, and as long as the parietals or a little shorter. The loreal is nearly as long as it is deep. There are one preocular and three (rarely four) post-oculars. Its temporals are 2+2 or 2+3. There are normally nine upper labials, with the fourth and fifth entering the eye; and five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. The dorsal scales are arranged in 19 rows, strongly keeled, with outer rows smooth. The ventrals number 125–158, the anal is divided, and the subcaudals number 64–90. Coloration is very variable, consisting of dark spots arranged quincuncially and often separated by a whitish network, or of black longitudinal bands on a pale ground, or of dark crossbands, with or without whitish spots. Two oblique black streaks, one below and the other behind the eye, are nearly constant. The lower parts are white, with or without black margins to the shields. [3]

The checkered keelback is a medium-sized snake, but may grow to be large. Adults may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 1.75 m (5.7 ft). [4]

Checkered-keelback in IIT Bombay.JPG

Defensive behavior

Most of the time this snake tries to raise its head as much as possible and expand its neck skin mimicking a cobra hood and intimidate the threat. Though it is non-venomous to humans, it can deliver a painful bite which is inflammatory.

F. piscator may lose its tail as an escape mechanism. A rare case of such autotomy is reported from Vietnam. [5]

Habitat

The preferred habitat of F. piscator is in or near freshwater lakes or rivers.

A checkered keelback (locally known as "Joldhora") spotted swimming at Beel Dakatia, Khulna, Bangladesh Checkered Keelback at Khulna.jpg
A checkered keelback (locally known as "Joldhora") spotted swimming at Beel Dakatia, Khulna, Bangladesh

Diet

F. piscator feeds mainly on small fish and water frogs.

Reproduction

F. piscator is oviparous. Clutch size is usually 30-70 eggs, but may be as few as 4 or as many as 100. Egg size is also variable. Each egg may be 1.5–4.0 cm (0.59–1.57 in) long. The female guards the eggs until they hatch. Each hatchling is about 11 cm (4.3 in) long. [4]

Geographic range

F. piscator is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, West Malaysia, China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan), Taiwan, Australia and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes = Sulawesi)

type locality: "East Indies".

Subspecies

Nota bene : A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Fowlea.

Taxonomy

The subspecies F. p. melanzostus was raised to species status, as Fowlea melanzostus , by Indraneil Das in 1996.


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References

  1. Stuart, B.L., Wogan, G., Thy, N., Nguyen, T.Q., Vogel, G., Srinivasulu, C., Srinivasulu, B., Shankar, G., Mohapatra, P., Thakur, S. & Papenfuss, T. (2021). "Fowlea asperrimus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021. IUCN: e.T172646A1358305. Retrieved 15 January 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Species Xenochrophis piscator at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.
  3. Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Tropidonotus piscator, pp. 349-350).
  4. 1 2 Das I (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. ISBN   0-88359-056-5. (Xenochrophis piscator, p. 48).
  5. Ananjeva NB, Orlov NL (1994). "Caudal Autotomy in Colubrid Snake Xenochrophis piscator From Vietnam" Russian Journal of Herpetology1 (2): 169-171.

Further reading