Christianity is the fastest growing and second most followed religion in Manipur, a state in Northeast India, according to 2011 census data of India.
Christianity in Manipur can traced back to an Anglican named William Pettigrew, [2] who lived in India when Surchandra Singh was the maharaja of Manipur. Pettigrew, who was born in Edinburgh and educated in London, applied to work with the Arthington Aborigines Mission in India and travelled to Bengal in 1890. He worked for two years in Dhaka and Silchar. In 1891, Pettigrew applied for permission to work in Manipur, but this was not granted until 1894. He worked for a time as a teacher in Imphal, teaching the children of government civil servants and soon afterwards opened a school for boys in Manipuri and established a permanent mission station there. [3]
The first Meitei to convert to Christianity is debated. It is traditionally believed that Angom Porom Singh of Phayeng was the first to be converted in around 1896, but another tradition says that Ningol Kaboklei met a Christian missionary in Sylhet (presently in Bangladesh) and converted to Christianity in around 1893, a few years earlier than the arrival of William Pettigrew. Those claiming that Porom Singh was the first Christian convert, have intentionally ignored the other tradition about Kaboklei. It may well be true that Kaboklei became a Christian before Porom Singh, not in Manipur but in Sylhet. [4] [5]
Some theological scholars believe that Porom Singh was baptized on 3 January 1896. On that date, Pettigrew baptized his first Meitei convert at the watering Morangkhom Hiden Tapham. Porom Singh would have been only about eleven or twelve at the time and it is possible that such a public act would have caused uproar. After his baptism, Porom Singh left Imphal with Pettigrew and functioned as Pettigrew's right-hand man at Ukhrul. In December 1912, he became the headmaster of a school at Ukhrul, where his teaching responsibilities included preaching the gospel. He was one of only seven Christians who stood by Pettigrew. At the outbreak of the First World War, he helped Pettigrew to raise a labour corps, later becoming a corps leader and an interpreter. He received excellent testimonials when he served in France and on his return to India, was exempted from house tax. [6]
Protestants (mostly Baptist) outnumber Catholics in Manipur. [7] A Manipur Baptist Convention exists. The Reformed Presbyterian Church North-East India Synod has its seat in Manipur. [8] The Presbyterian Church in India and the Church of Christ are present in the state, too. [9] [10] The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Imphal has its seat in the state. The Manipur Section of the Seventh-day Adventist Church has about forty congregations. [11] The All Manipur Christian Organisation (AMCO) exists. [12]
Year | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
2001 [13] | 857,285 | 37.37 |
2011 [14] | 1,179,043 | 41.29 |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1901 | 45 | — |
1911 | 132 | +193.3% |
1921 | 4,050 | +2968.2% |
1931 | 10,401 | +156.8% |
1941 | 25,727 | +147.4% |
1951 | 68,394 | +165.8% |
1961 | 152,043 | +122.3% |
1971 | 279,243 | +83.7% |
1981 | 421,702 | +51.0% |
1991 | 626,669 | +48.6% |
2001 | 857,285 | +36.8% |
2011 | 1,179,043 | +37.5% |
Source: Centre for Policy Studies [15] |
Percentage of Christians in Manipur by decades [15]
Year | Percent | Increase |
---|---|---|
1901 | 0.02% | - |
1911 | 0.04% | +0.02% |
1921 | 1.05% | +1.01% |
1931 | 2.33% | +1.28% |
1941 | 5.02% | +2.69% |
1951 | 11.84% | +6.82% |
1961 | 19.49% | +7.65% |
1971 | 26.03% | +6.54% |
1981 | 29.68% | +3.65% |
1991 | 34.11% | +4.43% |
2001 | 37.37% | +3.26% |
2011 | 41.29% | +3.92% |
The Christian population in the state have increased from 0.02% in 1901 to 41.3% in 2011. Christians formed an overwhelming majority in the autonomous hilly regions of Manipur (which is 90% of the total land area) of the state respectively. [16] According to 2011 Census, there are total 9 districts in Manipur, of which 5 districts are Christian-majority. [17]
Percentage of Christians in the Scheduled Tribes [18]
Tribe | Christians | Percent |
---|---|---|
Thadou | 211,272 | 97.85% |
Tangkhul | 175,200 | 98.11% |
Poumai | 126,092 | 98.99% |
Kabui | 93,416 | 89.90% |
Mao | 92,602 | 99.21% |
Kacha Naga | 64,357 | 97.28% |
Paite | 54,815 | 98.69% |
Hmar | 47,804 | 98.82% |
Vaiphei | 42,224 | 98.29% |
Kuki | 27,784 | 98.03% |
Maram | 27,221 | 98.90% |
Maring | 25,858 | 97.86% |
Zou | 23,718 | 97.63% |
Anal | 23,107 | 98.29% |
Gangte | 16,859 | 98.14% |
Kom | 14,345 | 98.74% |
Non-ST Christians in Manipur are mainly Meiteis numbering between 1-3 lakh in the state. [19] [20] [21]
Manipur is a state in northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of Myanmar, Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the south. The state covers an area of 22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi). The official and most widely spoken language is the Meitei language. Native to the Meitei people, it is also used as a lingua franca by smaller communities, who speak a variety of other Tibeto-Burman languages. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years. This exchange connects the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia to Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, regions in the Arctic, Micronesia and Polynesia enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.
The Kuki people are an ethnic group in the Northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, as well as the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Kukis form one of the largest hill tribe communities in Northeast India, along with the adjoining regions of Bangladesh and Myanmar. In Northeast India, they are present in all states except Arunachal Pradesh. The Chin people of Myanmar and the Mizo people of Mizoram are kindred tribes of the Kukis. Collectively, they are termed the Zo people.
Senapati, is one of the 16 districts of the Indian state of Manipur. The present Senapati district was formed in December 2016, after spawning off the Sadar Hills region in the south into a separate Kangpokpi district. The district headquarter is located in the municipality of Tahamzam.
The Zou people Is are an ethnic group, that is an indigenous community living along the frontier of India and Burma, they are a sub-group of the Kuki people/Zo people. In India, they live with and are similar in language and habits to the Thadou people and Paite and the Simte peoples. In Burma, the Zou are counted among the Chin people. They are a hill people, "Zou" may plainly means "Hills" denoting the Zous are "people of the hills" or "of the hills", and "Zou" has also a different meaning in Zou language that is "complete" or another word for it is "finish". But, the Zou people believed that they incepted the name 'Zou' from their forefather 'Zou' or 'Zo', believed to be the progenitor of the broad Chin-Kuki-Mizo people.
Moreh is a border town located on the India–Myanmar border in Tengnoupal district of the Indian state of Manipur. As a rapidly developing international trade point with the integrated customs and international immigration checkpoint, Moreh plays an important role in India's Look East Policy, trade and commerce under ASEAN–India Free Trade Area, India-Myanmar relationship, India–Myanmar–Thailand road connectivity, and Trans-Asian Railway connectivity.
Churachandpur, locally known as Lamka, is the second largest town in the Indian state of Manipur and the district headquarters of the Churachandpur District. The name "Churachandpur" was transferred from the earlier headquarters of the district at Songpi to the present location, and honours Churachand Singh, former maharaja of the Manipur princely state. The local Kuki-Zo people reject the name as a colonial imposition and use the native name "Lamka".
The Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India is a Baptist Christian denomination in North East India. It is a member of the Asia Pacific Baptist Federation. It is also a member body of the North East India Christian Council, the regional council of the National Council of Churches in India. Its presently led by Mr. Norbu Lama as President and Rev. Prof. Akheto Sema as General Secretary.
Manipur Baptist Convention (MBC) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Manipur, India. It is affiliated with the Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India and the Asia Pacific Baptist Federation. The General Secretary of the Manipur Baptist Convention is REV. K. LOSII MAO.
Evangelical Baptist Convention is a Baptist Christian denomination in Manipur, India. Their main area of presence is in the southern part of Manipur. It is affiliated with the Asia Pacific Baptist Federation. Its headquarters, Dorcas Hall, is located at Hebron Veng, New Lamka.
Tangkhul is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tangkhulic branch, spoken in different villages of Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. The term "Tangkhul" is derived from the Meitei language terms, "Tang" meaning "scarce" and "Khul" meaning "village" respectively. According to another theory, the term "Tangkhul" is derived from "Thankhul", meaning "Than village" in Meitei language.
Christianity is the largest religion in Mizoram. The majority 87% of Mizoram population are Christian in various denominations, predominantly Presbyterian. More than 98% of the Mizos are Christians by faith. The Government of Mizoram declared that Christianity plays a very important role among the daily life of Mizo community and therefore further declared that Christianity as the religion of the state. The culture of Mizoram is mainly influenced by Christianity. Hence, Christianity was given a special status on the state by the government while maintaining a minimum level of secular environment and approach. In June 2018, the government of Mizoram including Vanlalruata, president of anti-corruption organisation-turned-political party, People's Representation for Identity and Status of Mizoram claim that Mizoram is a Christian state. Hindus form a small minority (3.55%) mainly of Manipuris and there are also around (7.93%) Buddhists according to the 2001 census, mostly made up from Chakma settlers of Arakan origin. There are about 8,000 mostly ethnic Mizo followers of a Judaic group Bnei Menashe, who claim descent from the biblical Menasseh. Muslims make up about 1.1% of the state population.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Manipur:
Phungyo Baptist Church is a Baptist Church in Ukhrul, Manipur, India. It was constructed and established, when Reverend William Pettigrew baptized and converted twelve Tangkhul Naga to Christian faith in 1901.
William Pettigrew was a British Christian missionary who went to India in 1890, eventually brought western education in Manipur and introducing Jesus Christ to the Tangkhul Naga tribe, inhabiting Ukhrul district and he became the main catalyst for the surge in current christian population in Manipur.