Christianity in West Bengal

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St. Paul's Cathedral - seat of the Diocese of Calcutta, Church of North India St Paul's Cathedral.jpg
St. Paul's Cathedral - seat of the Diocese of Calcutta, Church of North India
The Bandel Church, rebuilt in 1660 on the site of an older 1599 church. Bandel Church.jpg
The Bandel Church, rebuilt in 1660 on the site of an older 1599 church.
St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling. Built: 1843, Rebuilt: 1873 Darjeeling St. Andrew's Church.jpg
St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling. Built: 1843, Rebuilt: 1873

Christianity in West Bengal, India, is a minority religion. According to the 2011 census of India, there were 658,618 Christians in West Bengal, or 0.72% of the population. [1] Although Mother Teresa worked in Kolkata (Calcutta), Christianity is a minority religion in Kolkata as well. West Bengal has the highest number of Bengali Christians. Bengali Christians have been established since the 16th century with the advent of the Portuguese in Bengal. Later in the 19th and 20th centuries, many upper-class Bengalis converted to Christianity during the Bengali Renaissance under British rule, including Krishna Mohan Banerjee, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Anil Kumar Gain, and Gnanendramohan Tagore. Aurobindo Nath Mukherjee was the first Indian to be Anglican Bishop of Calcutta.

Contents

Bengali Christians are considered a model minority, due to their significant contributions to Bengali culture and society for the past two centuries. They are considered to be among the most progressive communities in Bengal, and have the highest literacy rate, the lowest male-female sex ratio, along with better socio-economic status. [2] Christian missionaries run major social institutions dealing with education and healthcare, such as those run by the Jesuit Catholics, and the dominant Protestant Church of North India (CNI), & some Christian Revival Church also serving.

History

Christianity has been present in Bengal since the 16th century. The Portuguese established a settlement in Bandel, Hooghly district in the 16th century, and Bandel Church, perhaps the first church in West Bengal, was built in 1599. [3] Burnt down during the sacking of Hooghly in 1632, the church was rebuilt in 1660. The followers of Christianity mainly settled in Barddhmann, Bankura, Kolkata and Hooghly district of West Bengal. Many Bengali Catholics have Portuguese surnames.[ citation needed ]

British missionary William Carey, who founded the Baptist Missionary Society, travelled to India in 1793 and worked as a missionary in the Danish colony of Serampore, because of opposition from the East India Company to his activities in their regions. He translated the Bible into Bengali (completed 1809) and Sanskrit (completed 1818). His first Bengali convert was Krishna Pal, who renounced his caste after conversion. In 1818, the first theological college in Bengal, Serampore College, was founded.

Denominations

St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata is the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Calcutta (1813) of the Church of North India. The Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province which has its seat in the Cathedral of the Most Holy Rosary is the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta (1834).

Other denominations include: [4]

Population

Christians in West Bengal
YearNumberPercentage
2001 [5]
515,150
0.64
2011 [6]
658,618
0.72
Christians in West Bengal by district (2011) [7]
#DistrictTotal populationChristian population %
1 Jalpaiguri 3,872,846186,2794.81%
2 Darjiling 1,846,823141,8487.68%
3 South 24 Parganas 8,161,96166,4980.81%
4 Kolkata 4,496,69439,7580.88%
5 Nadia 5,167,60033,8350.65%
6 North 24 Parganas 10,009,78126,9330.27%
7 Dakshin Dinajpur 1,676,27624,7941.48%
8 Paschim Medinipur 5,913,45723,2870.39%
9 Barddhaman 7,717,56321,2200.27%
10 Murshidabad 7,103,80718,1020.25%
11 Uttar Dinajpur 3,007,13416,7020.56%
12 Maldah 3,988,84513,2090.33%
13 Birbhum 3,502,40410,9060.31%
14 Haora 4,850,0298,6660.18%
15 Puruliya 2,930,1158,6460.30%
16 Hugli 5,519,1457,3000.13%
17 Koch Bihar 2,819,0864,1220.15%
18 Bankura 3,596,6743,8650.11%
19 Purba Medinipur 5,095,8752,6480.05%
West Bengal (Total)91,276,115658,6180.72%
Trends in Christian population of West Bengal [8]
Census year % of total population
19510.70%
19610.59%
19710.57%
19810.59%
19910.56%
20010.64%
20110.72%

Notable Institutions

La Martiniere Calcutta, one of India's most prestigious schools, is run by the Protestant Church of North India La Martiniere, Calcutta by Francis Frith.jpg
La Martinière Calcutta, one of India's most prestigious schools, is run by the Protestant Church of North India
St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, run by the catholic Jesuits, is one of India's best colleges Building4sxc.JPG
St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, run by the catholic Jesuits, is one of India's best colleges

Schools

Colleges and Universities

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scottish Church College</span> Public college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Carey (missionary)</span> English Baptist missionary and a Particular Baptist minister

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bengali Christians</span> Group of Christians from Bengali

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Hugli-Chuchura or Hooghly-Chinsurah is a city of Hooghly district and the district headquarters of Hooghly division in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the densely populated cities of West Bengal. It lies on the bank of Hooghly River, 35 km north of Kolkata. It is located in the district of Hooghly and is home to the district headquarters. Chuchura houses the Commissioner of the Burdwan Range. The District Court building of Chinsurah is the longest building in West Bengal. It is a part of Greater Kolkata covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hooghly district</span> District in West Bengal, India

Hooghly district is one of the districts of the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt Hoogli or Hugli. The district is named after the Hooghly River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uttarpara</span> City in West Bengal, India

Uttarpara or Uttarpara Kotrung is a city and a municipality of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Uttarpara is located at 22.67°N 88.35°E, within 10 km from Kolkata, the capital of the state of West Bengal. It is located along the Hooghly river, across from the Dakshineswar Kali Temple. Uttarpara is home to the Uttarpara Jayakrishna Public Library, Asia's oldest free public library.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of the Holy Rosary, Bandel</span> Church in West Bengal, India

The Basilica of the Holy Rosary is one of the oldest Christian churches in West Bengal, India. Situated in Bandel, Hooghly district of West Bengal, it stands as a memorial to the Portuguese settlement in Bengal. Founded in 1599, it is dedicated to Nossa Senhora do Rosário, Our Lady of the Rosary. It is also a parish church, part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta. It is one of the most prominent historical churches in West Bengal as well as in India.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timotheas Hembrom</span>

Timotheas Hembrom is an ordained Minister of the Church of North India and an Old Testament Scholar who taught at the Bishop's College, Kolkata, affiliated to the nation's first University, the Senate of Serampore College (University). As a Biblical scholar, Hembrom is a member of the scholarly Society for Biblical Studies in India, with members from the Protestant, Orthodox, Catholic and Charismatic Church societies. He researched on Santali creation traditions and his work was first published in 1996 was simultaneously reviewed in the Indian Journal of Theology and the Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies.

References

  1. Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
  2. Indian Christians Treat Their Women Better, Sex Ratio Highest
  3. Roma Bradnock, Footprint India , Footprint Travel Guides, 2004, ISBN   1-904777-00-7, p. 584.
  4. World Christian Encyclopedia , Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371
  5. "Total population by religious communities". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  6. "Indian Census 2011". Census Department, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  7. Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
  8. B.P. Syam Roy (28 September 2015). "Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth". The Statesman.
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