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The CC campaign focused on condemning the candidacy of incumbent president Evo Morales to a controversial but legal fourth consecutive five-year term. The election took place on October 20, 2019. With a preliminary vote count of 45% for incumbent president Evo Morales and 38% for his leading challenger, former president Carlos Mesa, after 83% of votes were counted, neither of those conditions appeared likely to be met. A second-round runoff vote between those two candidates would therefore be held on 15 December.[9]
After that figure of 83% of the total, however, no further updates to the preliminary results were made after 19:40 hours local time, which caused consternation among opposition politicians and the election monitors deployed by the Organization of American States; candidate Mesa described the suspension as "extremely serious" and spoke of manipulation, while the OAS said an explanation was essential. The electoral authorities explained that updates to the preliminary count had been halted because the official results were beginning to be released; nevertheless, no official results were published overnight.[10]
Constituent parties
2019
On 6 October 2018, former president Carlos Mesa accepted the invitation of the Revolutionary Left Front (FRI) to be the party's presidential candidate in the 2019 general elections.[11] Soon after, various parties expressed their interest in forming a unified opposition alliance with Mesa at the helm.[12] On 24 October, La Paz Mayor Luis Revilla announced that his Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo) civic group had decided to support Mesa's candidacy.[13] After a 26-minute walk through the Central Urban Park La Paz on 30 October, Revilla and Mesa, before the media, presented their "Citizen" alliance.[14] The pact was formalized the following day.[15] Civic Community (CC) was registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal on 13 November 2018 as a coalition between the FRI, SOL.bo, and over 50 citizens platforms.[16] The coalition was further expanded the following day, when CC signed an alliance with TODOS, the regional party of Tarija Governor Adrián Oliva.[17]
Despite last minute hopes of constructing a "greater agreement" between CC and the two largest opposition fronts, the National Unity Front (UN) and the Democrat Social Movement (MDS), both parties registered their own alliance dubbed "Bolivia Says No".[18][19]
CC contested regional elections for the first time in 2021. In all but three departments, CC ran its own candidates under the variant name Civic Community – Autonomies for Bolivia (Comunidad Ciudadana-Autonomías para Bolivia, CA). The exceptions were in Beni where it aligned with Creemos to form the Let's Change (Cambiemos) alliance, Pando where it joined with the regional Democratic Integration Community (CID), and Tarija where it gained the support of incumbent governor Adrián Oliva to form Community of Everyone (Comunidad de Todos).[20][21][22]Santa Cruz was the only department where it did not present a gubernatorial candidate, choosing instead to endorse Creemos leader Luis Fernando Camacho.[23]
Largely as a result of the hugely divided opposition field, CC failed to win any gubernatorial elections and won six mayoral elections. These were in Camiri, Colcapirhua, Ingavi, Puerto Rico, San Pedro de Manuripi, and Santos Mercado. The latter four were all located in Pando, where CC saw its best performance.[24]
In the 2021 elections the Civic Community coalition was composed of the following groups:[25]
In December 2024 the Revolutionary Left Front left the coalition in order to support the candidacy of Jorge Quiroga in the 2025 presidential election.[26] Marcelo Pedrazas, a CC deputy from Chuquisaca, stated that the FRI's withdrawal indicated that "Civic Community has become a failed project" as a result of internal strife within the coalition.[27]
Baeza Freer, Jaime; Cortinhas, Juliano; Escudero Illanes, María Cristina; Montenegro, Pablo; Namihas, Sandra; Novak, Fabián; Pastrana Buelvas, Eduardo; Pérez Enríquez, Diego; Ramalho, Antonio Jorge (2022). Relaciones civil-militares en la región sudamericana. Reflexiones desde Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Red de Política de Seguridad. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Estudios Internacionales (IDEI). ISBN978-9972-671-94-4. La renuncia de Jeanine Añez a su candidatura para la presidencia del Estado en las elecciones de 2020 dejó en carrera —además del MAS— a dos agrupaciones polı́ticas de la oposición: el partido conservador CREEMOS, del caudillo cruceño Luis Fernando Camacho, y a la alianza centrista Comunidad Ciudadana, que habı́a recibido 36,5% de los votos en las elecciones de 2019 y cuyo candidato, el historiador Carlos Mesa, fue el principal perjudicado por el fraude electoral, pues tenı́a altas probabilidades de ganar a Evo Morales en la segunda vuelta electoral.
"Counting the Costs of Bolivia's High-level Schism". Crisis Group. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2025. Arce faces opposition not only from other parties – such as Creemos, a right-wing coalition led by Luis Fernando Camacho, the governor of Santa Cruz who has been in jail for the last two years for his involvement in protests after the 2019 vote – and the centrist Comunidad Ciudadana, led by former president Carlos Mesa, but also from the evista faction of the MAS.
"Bolivia Faces New Polls in Shadow of Fraud Row". Crisis Group. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2025. It was the tallying of results, however, that triggered the crisis. Just before 8pm on 20 October, shortly after polling stations closed, the TSE announced preliminary figures with 84 per cent of the vote counted, showing Morales beating his main rival, Carlos Mesa of the centre-right Civic Community party, by 7.9 per cent.
"BOLIVIA: Opposition attempts to capitalise on MAS turmoil". LatinNews. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2025. The opposition, divided between the centre-right Comunidad Ciudadana (CC) and the far-right Creemos, faces enormous obstacles if it is to end nearly 20 years in the political wilderness by recapturing the presidency. Its only real hope is if the left-wing vote is split by former president Evo Morales (2006-2019) being declared eligible to run for the MAS, forcing President Luis Arce to run for another party or as an independent.
On 6 October 2018, former president Carlos Mesa accepted the invitation of the Revolutionary Left Front (FRI) to be the party's presidential candidate in the 2019 general elections.[1] Soon after, various parties expressed their interest in forming a unified opposition alliance with Mesa at the helm.[2] On 24 October, La Paz Mayor Luis Revilla announced that his Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo) civic group had decided to support Mesa's candidacy.[3] After a 26-minute walk through the Central Urban Park La Paz on 30 October, Revilla and Mesa, before the media, presented their "Citizen" alliance.[4] The pact was formalized the following day.[5] Civic Community (CC) was registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal on 13 November 2018 as a coalition between the FRI, SOL.bo, and over 50 citizens platforms.[6] The coalition was further expanded the following day, when CC signed an alliance with TODOS, the regional party of Tarija Governor Adrián Oliva.[7]
Despite last minute hopes of constructing a "greater agreement" between CC and the two largest opposition fronts, the National Unity Front (UN) and the Democrat Social Movement (MDS), both parties registered their own alliance dubbed "Bolivia Says No".[8][9]
CC contested regional elections for the first time in 2021. In all but three departments, CC ran its own candidates under the variant name Civic Community – Autonomies for Bolivia (Comunidad Ciudadana-Autonomías para Bolivia, CA). The exceptions were in Beni where it aligned with Creemos to form the Let's Change (Cambiemos) alliance, Pando where it joined with the regional Democratic Integration Community (CID), and Tarija where it gained the support of incumbent governor Adrián Oliva to form Community of Everyone (Comunidad de Todos).[10][11][12]Santa Cruz was the only department where it did not present a gubernatorial candidate, choosing instead to endorse Creemos leader Luis Fernando Camacho.[13]
Largely as a result of the hugely divided opposition field, CC failed to win any gubernatorial elections and won six mayoral elections. These were in Camiri, Colcapirhua, Ingavi, Puerto Rico, San Pedro de Manuripi, and Santos Mercado. The latter four were all located in Pando, where CC saw its best performance.[14]
In the 2021 elections the Civic Community coalition was composed of the following groups:[15]
In December 2024 the Revolutionary Left Front left the coalition in order to support the candidacy of Jorge Quiroga in the 2025 presidential election.[16] Marcelo Pedrazas, a CC deputy from Chuquisaca, stated that the FRI's withdrawal indicated that "Civic Community has become a failed project" as a result of internal strife within the coalition.[17]
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