Cluster fly

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Cluster fly
Pollenia-sp-Cluster-fly-20100718a.jpg
Male Pollenia sp.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Subsection: Calyptratae
Superfamily: Oestroidea
Family: Polleniidae
Genus: Pollenia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [1]
Type species
Musca rudis [2]
Fabricius, 1794 [3]
Synonyms

Cluster flies (a.k.a. grass flies or attic flies) are flies of the genus Pollenia in the family Polleniidae. Unlike the more familiar blow flies, such as the bluebottle genus Phormia they do not lay eggs in human food. They parasitise earthworms; the females lay their eggs near earthworm burrows, and the larvae then feed on the worms. But the biology of this group is relatively poorly known and a few have been recorded from other hosts including caterpillars and bees. [13]

Contents

Cluster flies seek refuge in cold weather and find their way into attic spaces and similar areas indoors. They often emerge on warm days, and cluster at windows attempting to exit (hence the name). [14]

Pollenia sp. on leaves in a forest

The typical grass fly Pollenia rudis is about 7 mm long and can be recognised by distinct lines or stripes behind the head, short golden-coloured hairs on the thorax, and irregular light and dark grey areas on the abdomen. Cluster flies are typically slow-moving.

Cluster flies have a widespread distribution. Eight species are found in Britain and 31 in Europe. Pollenia species are also numerous in Australia and New Zealand (over 30 species); they are common in North America. P. rudis has spread widely in association with humans. [15]

In Popular Culture

American rock band, Phish, references the common name of this species on their ninth studio album Farmhouse. The song, titled Farmhouse is constructed in a classic earworm-style tune, was written by Trey Anastasio and Helena, Montana born bassist and record producer Tony Markellis. The song's repetitive lyrics offer lamentation about an inability to mitigate the insects within the song's imaginative "Farmhouse."



Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calliphoridae</span> Family of flies

The Calliphoridae are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remains disputed regarding proper treatment of the constituent taxa, some of which are occasionally accorded family status.

<i>Calliphora</i> Genus of flies

Calliphora is a genus of blow flies, also known as bottle flies, found in most parts of the world, with the highest diversity in Australia. The most widespread species in North America are Calliphora livida, C. vicina, and C. vomitoria.

<i>Bengalia</i> Genus of flies

Bengalia is a genus of blow flies in the family Calliphoridae with one authority considering the genus to belong to a separate family Bengaliidae. These bristly and, unlike the greens and blues of most calliphorids, dull coloured flies, are especially noted for their relationship to ants. Little is known of their biology and life-cycle, although adults of many species are kleptoparasitic on ants and will snatch food and pupae being carried by ants or feed on winged termites. The apt name “Highwayman Fly” was given by an early observer of their way of robbing ants. Very little is known about their breeding habits. The genus is found in the Afrotropical and oriental region with one species from Australia possibly a recent introduction.

Cosmina is a genus of flies in the family Rhiniidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polleniidae</span> Family of flies

Polleniidae is a family of flies in the order Diptera. There are at least 6 genera and more than 190 described species placed definitively in Polleniidae, and other genera whose placement here is considered uncertain. The largest genus is Pollenia, with close to 190 species of flies commonly called "cluster flies".

Pollenia bartaki is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia griseotomentosa is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia tenuiforceps is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia mayeri is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia mediterranea is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia pseudintermedia is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia ruficrura is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

<i>Pollenia amentaria</i> Species of fly

Pollenia amentaria is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia bicolor is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia contempta is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia labialis is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

<i>Pollenia pediculata</i> Species of fly

Pollenia pediculata is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Pollenia viatica is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

Morinia is a genus of flies in the family Polleniidae.

Dexopollenia bicolor is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Robineau-Desvoidy, André Jean Baptiste (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique. 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Sabrosky, Curtis W. (1999). "Family-Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog" (PDF). Myia. 10. Leidan: Backhuys Publishers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  3. 1 2 Fabricius, J.C. (1794). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Vol. 4. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft. pp. [6] + 472 + [5] pp.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Hutton, Frederick Wollaston (1901). "Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 33: 1–95. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  6. ↑ Curran, C.H. (1927). "Some new Australasian and African Diptera of the families Muscidae and Tachinidae (Dipt.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen. 16: 345–357.
  7. 1 2 3 Enderlein, G (1936). "Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In: Brohmer P, Ehrmann P, Ulmer G (Eds)". Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Insekten, Teil II. 6 (22): 1–259.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1941). "Kuklice (Tachinoidea, Diptera) Moravy a Slezska". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae. 13: 1–64. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  9. 1 2 Jacentkovský, D. (1941). "Pollenia mayeri n. sp. Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) nová kuklice z Moravy [Pollenia mayeri n. sp. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidea) eine neue Raupenflige aus Mähren". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 4: 14–16.
  10. 1 2 3 Jacentkovský, D (1942). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der gattung Pollenia R.D. (Calliphoridae, Tachinoidae, Diptera)". Rozpravy Vedecké Spolecnosti Badatelské pri Ruské Svobodné Universite v Praze. 11 (16) (84): 193–225.
  11. 1 2 Jacentkovský, D (1944). "Další příspěvek k zvířeně kuklkic (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Moravy [Weiterer Beitrag zur Fauna der Raupenfliegen (Tachinoidea, Dipt.) Mährens]". Entomologické listy (in Czech). 7: 45–49.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lehrer, A. Z. (1963). "Études sur les Diptères Calliphorides. I. – La classification des Polleniinae palearctiques et leur dispersion en Roumanie". Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique. 99: 285–310.
  13. ↑ Jewiss-Gaines, A. et al. Cluster Flies (Calliphoridae: Polleniinae: Pollenia) of North America
  14. ↑ Sivell, Olga (2021). "Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Polleniidae, Rhiniidae)". RES Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 10 (16): 1–208. ISBN   9781910159064.
  15. ↑ Gisondi, Silvia; Rognes, Knut; Badano, Davide; Pape, Thomas (2020). "The world Polleniidae (Diptera, Oestroidea): key to genera and checklist of species". ZooKeys (971): 105–155. Bibcode:2020ZooK..971..105G. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.971.51283 . PMC   7538466 . PMID   33061774 . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Dear, J.P. (1986). "Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 8: 1–86.
  17. ↑ Rognes, Knut (2019). "The Calliphoridae (Diptera) of Armenia". Zootaxa. 4576 (2): 375–391. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.11. PMID   31715769. S2CID   131914883 . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  18. ↑ Rohdendorf, B.B. (1926). "Morphologisches Studium an äusseren Genitalorganen der Calliphorinen (Diptera)". Russkii Zoologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 6: 83–128.
  19. ↑ Scopoli, I.A. (1763). Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnæana. Vindobonae [= Vienna]: Trattner. pp. [30] + 420 pp. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  20. ↑ Wainwright, C.J. (1940). "The British Tachinidae (Diptera): Second supplement". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 90 (14): 411–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1940.tb01028.x.
  21. 1 2 Meigen, J.W. (1826). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Hamm: Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann. pp. xii + 412 pp., pls. 42–54.
  22. 1 2 3 4 Malloch, J. R . (1930). "The calyptrate Diptera of New Zealand. Part III. Family Calliphoridae". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 3: 313–324.
  23. ↑ Rognes, Knut (2016). "A new species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Jordan (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Polleniinae)". Zootaxa. 4067 (5): 569–576. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.3. hdl: 11250/2498292 . PMID   27395896 . Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  24. 1 2 3 Rognes, Knut (1992). "Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia vagabunda species-group (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Entomologica Scandinavica. 23: 95–114. doi:10.1163/187631292X00056.
  25. ↑ Jacentkovský, D. (1939). "Über einige interessante Sarcophagiden (Tachinariae, Diptera) aus Bulgarien". Izvestiia Na Tsarskitia Prirodonauchni Instituti V Sofiia. 12: 188–192.
  26. 1 2 Hardy, G.H. (1932). "Two new Australian species of Pollenia". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 57: 388–340.
  27. ↑ Kurahashi, H.; Tumrasvin, W. (1979). "Six new species of calliphorid flies from Thailand (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology. 30 (4): 297–304. doi: 10.7601/mez.30.297 .
  28. ↑ Portschinsky, J.A. (1881). "Diptera europaea et asiatica nova aut minus cognita". Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, Variis Sermonibus in Rossia Usitatis Editae. 16: 136–145. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  29. 1 2 3 Feng, Y. (2004). "Five new species of the tribe Polleniini from Sichuan, China (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Calliphorinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 29: 803–808.
  30. ↑ Macquart, P.J.M. (1835). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Roret. pp. 703 or 710 pp., 12 pls. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  31. 1 2 3 Rognes, K. (1988). "The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Pollenia semicinerea species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 13 (3): 315–345. Bibcode:1988SysEn..13..315R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1988.tb00245.x. S2CID   85674738.
  32. 1 2 Séguy, E. (1928). "Étude sur le Pollenia Hasei". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie. 14 (2): 369–375. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1929.tb00082.x.
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  34. ↑ Malloch, J. R. (1927). "Notes on Australian Diptera, No. xi". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 52: 299–335. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  35. 1 2 Fan, Z-D (1997). "Diptera: Calliphoridae". Fauna Sinica, Insecta. 6: 1–707.
  36. 1 2 Rognes, Knut (1987). "The taxonomy of the Pollenia rudis species group in the Holarctic Region" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 12: 475–502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1987.tb00219.x. S2CID   85693912 . Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  37. ↑ Séguy, E. (1930). "Contribution à l'étude des Diptères du Maroc". Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. 24: 1–207.
  38. ↑ Kano, R.; Shinonaga, S. (1966). "Notes on flies of medical importance in Japan. 26. Description of a new species belonging to the genus Pollenia in Japan. (Diptera, Calliphoridae)". Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology. 17: 223–225. doi: 10.7601/mez.17.223 .
  39. ↑ Lehrer, A. Z. (1978). "Calliphorides et Sarcophagides nouveaux de la faune de l'Espagne (Diptera)" (PDF). Eos, Revista Española de Entomología. 52: 141–148. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  40. ↑ Schluesslmayr, Gerhard; Sivell, Olga (2021). "Pollenia margarita, a new species of Pollenia ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830 from Austria (Diptera, Polleniidae)" (PDF). Linzer Biol. Beitr. 53 (1): 413–419. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
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  43. ↑ Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1855). "Diptères exotique ou peu connus;". Supplément, Paris. 5.e: 25–156. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
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  46. ↑ Macquart, J (1834). "Insectes Diptères du Nord de la France. Tome V. Athericères: Créophiles, Œstrides, Myopaires, Conopsaires, Scénopiniens, Céphalopsides. Daniel L, Lille, 232 pp". Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille. 1833: 137–368.
  47. ↑ Rognes, K. (1991). "Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia viatica species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Systematic Entomology. 16 (4): 439–498. Bibcode:1991SysEn..16..439R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00678.x. S2CID   84142702.
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  49. ↑ Rognes, Knut; Baz, Arturo (2008). "A new species in the Pollenia viatica species-group from Sierra de Gua-darrama, Spain (Diptera: Calliphoridae)". Studia dipterologica. 14 (2): 389–395. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  50. ↑ Kurahashi, H. (1987). "The blow flies of New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville Island". Occasional Publication by the Entomological Society of Japan. 1: 3 unnumbered pp. + 1–99.
  51. ↑ Villeneuve, J. (1911b). "Diptères nouveaux recueillis en Syrie par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville et décrits par le Dr. Joseph Villeneuve". Bulletin des Amis des Sciences Naturelles de Rouen. 1911: 40–54. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  52. ↑ Senior-White, R. A.; Aubertin, D.; Smart, J. (1923). The fauna of British India, including the remainder of the Oriental Region. Diptera (Vol. VI). Calliphoridæ. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 288.
  53. ↑ Walker, F. (1861). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Manado in Celebes and in Tond, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 5 (19): 258–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1861.tb02105.x . Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  54. ↑ Zumpt, Fritz (1956). "64i. Calliphorinae". In: Lindner e (Ed.) die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. 11 (Lieferungen 190, 191, 193). Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart: 140.
  55. ↑ Jacentkovsky, Dimitrij (1936). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Raupenfliegen (Tachinariae, Diptera) Bulgariens". Bul-gariens. Izvestiia Na Tsarskitia Prirodonauchni Instituti V Sofii. 9 (109–134).
  56. ↑ Rognes, Dr Knut; Pape, Dr Thomas (19 April 2007). "Taxon details: Calliphoridae". Fauna Europaea version 1.1. Archived from the original on 1 November 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
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