Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays

Last updated

The following table compares cathode-ray tube (CRT), liquid-crystal display (LCD), plasma and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device technologies. These are the most often used technologies for television and computer displays. A less detailed comparison of a wider variety of display technologies is available at Comparison of display technology.

Technology
Parameter
 CRT LCD Plasma OLED
Static contrast ratioTypical 200–300:1 [1] [2] 150 to 8,100:1 [3] [4] Typically 1,000:1 - 3,000:1, Some models measured up to 20,333:1 [5] "Between 0.0001 and 0.00001 nits" "Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1." [6]
Peak luminosity176  cd/m2 [1] 200–4,000 cd/m2 [7] [8] 50–200 cd/m2 [1] 100–1500 cd/m2 [9] often significantly varying based on average picture level [10]
Color depth Unlimited [11] 6- to 10-bit per subpixel panels; [12] smaller dot pitch, better detail [13] 6- to 8-bit per subpixel panels8- to 10-bit per subpixel, with some HDR models capable of 12-bit per subpixel. [14]
Response time0.01  ms [15] to less than 1  μs, [16] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms) [17] 1–8 ms typical (according to manufacturer data), older units could be as slow as 35 ms [18] Typically less than 0.01 ms, as low as 2 μs, [15] [19] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms)Estimates varying from under 0.01 ms to as low as 1 μs. [20] [21]
Frame rate (refresh rate)60–85 fps typically, some CRTs can go even higher (200 fps at reduced resolution [22] );
internally, display refreshed at input frame rate speed		60 fps typically, some gaming monitors can do up to 540 fps;
internally, display refreshed at up to 540 fps [23] [24] 		60 fps typically, some can do 120 fps;
internally, display refreshed at e.g. 480 or 600 fps [25] 		60 fps typically. Up to 480 fps. [26]
Flicker Perceptible on lower refresh rates (60 fps and below) [27] Depends; in 2013 most LCDs used PWM (strobing) to dim the backlight [28] However, since then many flicker free LCD computer monitors were introduced. [29] Does not normally occur due to a high refresh rate higher than FPS [30] Does not normally occur at 100% brightness level. At levels below 100% flicker often occurs with frequencies between 60 and 255 Hz, since often pulse-width modulation is used to dim OLED screens. [31] [32]
Risk of image persistence or burn-in High [33] Low [33] High [33] Medium [34]
Energy consumption and heat generationHigh [35] Low [35]
Varies with brightness but usually higher than LCD [36] [37] [38] [39] Varies based on image brightness and color. For the majority of images it will consume 60–80% of the power of an LCD.

OLED displays use 40% of the power of an LCD displaying an image that is primarily black as they lack the need for a backlight, [40] while OLED can use more than three times as much power to display a mostly white image compared to an LCD. [41]

Environmental influencesSensitive to ambient magnetic fields, which can adversely affect convergence and color purity.Prone to malfunctions on both low (below −20 °C, −4 °F) or high (above 45 °C, 113 °F) temperatures [42] High altitude pressure difference may cause poor function or buzzing noises [43] Can have poor brightness, especially when most of the picture is white [10]
Electro-magnetic radiation emissionCan emit a small amount of X-ray radiation.Only emits non-ionizing radiation. [44] Emits strong radio frequency electromagnetic radiation [45] None, although control circuitry may emit radio interference
SizeUp to 43 in (1.1 m) [46] Up to 120 in (3.0 m) [47] Up to 150 in (3.8 m) [48] (152 in experimental) [49] Up to 97 in (2.5 m) [50]
MaintenanceHazardous to repair or service due to high-voltage,
requires skilled convergence calibration and adjustments for geographic location changes. [51] Glass display tube is evacuated and carries risk of implosion if improperly handled.		May be risky and expensive to repair due to complexity of the display; [52] units with mercury CCFL backlight lamps are an environmental health hazard [53] Screen itself cannot be repaired if the gas used to generate images leaks [54] Display itself cannot be repaired if it cracks and oxygen enters it due to failure of OLED encapsulation, which results in display failure.
OtherNo native resolution. Currently, the only display technology capable of multi-syncing (displaying different resolutions and refresh rates without the need for scaling). [55] Display lag is extremely low due to its nature, which does not have the ability to store image data before output, unlike LCDs, plasma displays and OLED displays. [56] Extremely bulky and heavy construction in comparison to other display technologies. Large displays would be unsuitable for wall mounting. New models are no longer produced.The LCD grid can mask effects of spatial and grayscale quantization, creating the illusion of higher image quality. [57]
Is the cheapest display technology currently produced, with some entry-level models selling for less than $100.		Screen-door effects are more noticeable than LCD when up close, or on larger sizes. [58] New models are no longer produced.Colored sub-pixels may age at different rates, leading to a color shift, although some models will scan pixels to even out wear and prevent this shift. [59] Sensitive to UV light from direct sunlight. Is considered the highest quality but also the most expensive display technology currently produced, with TVs, laptops and monitors rarely being available for less than $1200.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer monitor</span> Computer output device

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid-crystal display</span> Display that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers to display information. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plasma display</span> Type of flat-panel display

A plasma display panel is a type of flat-panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large flat-panel displays to be released to the public.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OLED</span> Diode that emits light from an organic compound

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), also known as organic electroluminescentdiode, is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is an organic compound film that emits light in response to an electric current. This organic layer is situated between two electrodes; typically, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens, computer monitors, and portable systems such as smartphones and handheld game consoles. A major area of research is the development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flat-panel display</span> Electronic display technology

A flat-panel display (FPD) is an electronic display used to display visual content such as text or images. It is present in consumer, medical, transportation, and industrial equipment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Television set</span> Device for viewing computers screen and shows broadcast through satellites or cables

A television set or television receiver is an electronic device for the purpose of viewing and hearing television broadcasts, or as a computer monitor. It combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media for consumer use in the 1970s, such as Betamax, VHS; these were later succeeded by DVD. It has been used as a display device since the first generation of home computers and dedicated video game consoles in the 1980s. By the early 2010s, flat-panel television incorporating liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology, especially LED-backlit LCD technology, largely replaced CRT and other display technologies. Modern flat-panel TVs are typically capable of high-definition display and can also play content from a USB device. Starting in the late 2010s, most flat-panel TVs began to offer 4K and 8K resolutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LCD television</span> Television set with liquid-crystal display

A liquid-crystal-display television is a television set that uses a liquid-crystal display to produce images. It is by far the most widely produced and sold type of television display. LCD TVs are thin and light, but have some disadvantages compared to other display types such as high power consumption, poorer contrast ratio, and inferior color gamut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Backlight</span> Form of illumination used in liquid crystal displays

A backlight is a form of illumination used in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) that provides illumination from the back or side of a display panel. LCDs do not produce light by themselves, so they need illumination to produce a visible image. Backlights are often used in smartphones, computer monitors, and LCD televisions. They are used in small displays to increase readability in low light conditions such as in wristwatches. Typical sources of light for backlights include light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs).

This is a comparison of various properties of different display technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Active shutter 3D system</span> Method of displaying stereoscopic 3D images

An active shutter 3D system is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images. It works by only presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, and repeating this so rapidly that the interruptions do not interfere with the perceived fusion of the two images into a single 3D image.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Screen burn-in</span> Disfigurement of an electronic display

Screen burn-in, image burn-in, ghost image, or shadow image, is a permanent discoloration of areas on an electronic visual display such as a cathode-ray tube (CRT) in an older computer monitor or television set. It is caused by cumulative non-uniform use of the screen.

XBR is a line of LCD, OLED, Plasma, Rear Projection, and CRT televisions produced by Sony. According to Sony, XBR is an acronym for eXtended Bit Rate, although there is evidence that it originally stood for "Project X, Black Remote" which was meant to distinguish it from the then-standard line of Sony televisions. The XBR range is typically derived from equipment that has been released in Japan and Europe as mid and high-end models, usually with some small upgrades. For example, in Europe and Japan, the Sony X-Series 1080p TVs had two HDMI inputs, whereas on the American XBR version, there were three. Some XBR televisions may cost up to $25,000 USD.

Display motion blur, also called HDTV blur and LCD motion blur, refers to several visual artifacts that are frequently found on modern consumer high-definition television sets and flat-panel displays for computers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LED-backlit LCD</span> Display technology implementation

An LED-backlit LCD is a liquid-crystal display that uses LEDs for backlighting instead of traditional cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL) backlighting. LED-backlit displays use the same TFT LCD technologies as CCFL-backlit LCDs, but offer a variety of advantages over them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantum dot display</span> Type of display device

A quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QD), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic red, green, and blue light. Photo-emissive quantum dot particles are used in LCD backlights or display color filters. Quantum dots are excited by the blue light from the display panel to emit pure basic colors, which reduces light losses and color crosstalk in color filters, improving display brightness and color gamut. Light travels through QD layer film and traditional RGB filters made from color pigments, or through QD filters with red/green QD color converters and blue passthrough. Although the QD color filter technology is primarily used in LED-backlit LCDs, it is applicable to other display technologies which use color filters, such as blue/UV active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) or QNED/MicroLED display panels. LED-backlit LCDs are the main application of photo-emissive quantum dots, though blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels with QD color filters are now coming to market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Display resolution standards</span> Commonly used display resolutions

A display resolution standard is a commonly used width and height dimension of an electronic visual display device, measured in pixels. This information is used for electronic devices such as a computer monitor. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized and typically given a name and an initialism which is descriptive of its dimensions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Universal Display Corporation</span> Developer and manufacturer of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technologies

Universal Display Corporation is a developer and manufacturer of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technologies and materials as well as provider of services to the display and lighting industries. It is also an OLED research company. Founded in 1994, the company currently owns or has exclusive, co-exclusive or sole license rights with respect to more than 3,000 issued and pending patents worldwide for the commercialization of phosphorescent based OLEDs and also flexible, transparent and stacked OLEDs - for both display and lighting applications. Its phosphorescent OLED technologies and materials are licensed and supplied to companies such as Samsung, LG, AU Optronics CMEL, Pioneer, Panasonic Idemitsu OLED lighting and Konica Minolta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid log–gamma</span> High dynamic range standard that was jointly developed by the BBC and NHK

The hybrid log–gamma (HLG) transfer function is a transfer function jointly developed by the BBC and NHK for high dynamic range (HDR) display. It is backward compatible with the transfer function of SDR. It was approved as ARIB STD-B67 by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). It is also defined in ATSC 3.0, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) UHD-1 Phase 2, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Rec. 2100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BOE Technology</span> Chinese electronics company

BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., or Jingdongfang, is a Chinese electronic components producer founded in April 1993. Its core businesses are interface devices, smart IoT systems and smart medicine and engineering integration. BOE is one of the world's largest manufacturers of LCD, OLEDs and flexible displays.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Display Technology Shoot-Out Part I". www.displaymate.com.
  2. ↑ Evaluation of the Sony GDM-FW900 16:10 Aspect Ratio, 24-Inch Diagonal Flat Face CRT Color Monitor (PDF), National Technology Alliance, National Information Display Laboratory, 2001-09-06
  3. ↑ "Review Sony Vaio VPC-SA2Z9E/B (i7, SSD, HD 6630M) Subnotebook". Notebookcheck. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  4. ↑ "Samsung The Frame 2020 Review  – RTINGS.com". www.rtings.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  5. ↑ "Panasonic TX-P60ZT65B (ZT65) Plasma TV Review". www.avforums.com. 28 April 2013. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  6. ↑ "GEEK OUT: The Non-Technical Technical Guide to Sony OLED Monitors". ProVideo Coalition. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 2021-12-11."Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1. When I asked how the contrast could be so high I was told that the surface is SO black the contrast is almost infinite. If the number representing the dark end of the contrast scale is nearly zero then dividing that number into the brightest value results in a very, very high contrast ratio." Pixels can reset to black nearly instantaneously, so black levels remain consistently as black as they can be.
  7. ↑ "Peak Brightness of TVs: Max luminosity and HDR highlights". RTINGS.com. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  8. ↑ "GDS Launches 4,000cd/m² High Bright LCD Displays for Full Outdoor Applications". Railway Technology. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  9. ↑ LG G3 MLA OLED Review - LG's Answer to QD-OLED!, 4 April 2023, retrieved 2023-05-12
  10. 1 2 Baker, Simon (2022-05-27). "OLED Dimming Confusion - APL, ABL, ASBL, TPC and GSR Explained". TFTCentral. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  11. ↑ Weadock, Glenn E. (2001). Upgrading your home PC. San Francisco, CA: Sybex Inc. p. 131. ISBN   978-0-7821-2960-1.
  12. ↑ "What is Samsung's SUHD?". CNET. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  13. ↑ "COP 3502 Introduction to Computer Science" (PDF).
  14. ↑ "4K HDR – what is it, and what's the different between 8,10, and 12-bit HDR?". dgit.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
  15. 1 2 "Plasmas - Pros & Cons". 2017-01-12. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  16. ↑ Thomas Thiemann (27 August 2009). "An investigation of the test process used to date for determining the response time of an LCD monitor, known as input lag". prad.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  17. ↑ "Phosphor Layer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  18. ↑ "LCD Monitors, TVs: Electronics – Microcenter", Scroll down and look at the bar on the left to see the number of monitors they offer that have certain specifications. Retrieved April 2013
  19. ↑ "Plasma response times". www.ihdtvreview.com. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  20. ↑ "LG 55EM9700 | OLED-Info". www.oled-info.com. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  21. ↑ Pino, Nick; Porter, Jon; TV, Henry St Leger 2018-09-25T22:00:00Z. "OLED TV: what you need to know". TechRadar. Retrieved 2019-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ↑ Armstrong, M; Flynn, D; Hammond, M; Jolly, S; Salmon, R (September 2008), High Frame-Rate Television (PDF), British Broadcasting Company
  23. ↑ "Gaming at 540Hz: Asus ROG Swift Pro PG248QP Review". TechSpot. 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  24. ↑ HDTV Refresh Rates Explained: 60 Hz, 120 Hz, and Beyond, Retrieved April 2013
  25. ↑ "What is 600 Hz Sub Field Drive?", Retrieved April 2013
  26. ↑ "Asus' 480Hz OLED gaming monitor just won CES". Digital Trends. 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  27. ↑ "CRT Monitor Flickering?". Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  28. ↑ Explanation of why pulse width modulated backlighting is used, and its side-effects, "Pulse Width Modulation on LCD monitors", TFT Central. Retrieved June 2012.
  29. ↑ "Flicker Free Monitor Database on tftcentral.co.uk".[ permanent dead link ]
  30. ↑ "Possible Causes for a Flickering LCD TV Screen". It Still Works.
  31. ↑ "Pulse-width modulation (PWM) in OLED displays | OLED-Info". www.oled-info.com.
  32. ↑ Schmitt, Florian. "Analysis: DC Dimming vs. PWM – Can you dim AMOLED displays without the flickering?". Notebookcheck.
  33. 1 2 3 Gordon, Whitson. "Is "Burn-In" Still an Issue on TVs and Monitors?". Lifehacker. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
  34. ↑ John Archer. "The OLED Screen Burn Debate - Everything You Need To Know". Forbes . Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  35. 1 2 Tom's Hardware: Power Consumption Benchmark Results for CRT versus TFT LCD "Benchmark Results: Different Brightness Testing"
  36. ↑ "LCD vs Plasma TVs". Which?. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  37. ↑ "Plasma vs LCD power consumption shootout". Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  38. ↑ "Plasma vs LCD vs LED - Digital Direct". www.digitaldirect.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2013-04-11.
  39. ↑ "Power!". Sound & Vision. January 31, 2006.
  40. ↑ "How OLEDs Work". HowStuffWorks. 2005-03-24. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  41. ↑ Stokes, Jon (2009-08-11). "This September, OLED no longer "three to five years away"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  42. ↑ "Support | Samsung US". Samsung Electronics America.
  43. ↑ PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com Plasma TVs at Altitude
  44. ↑ "Do TVs emit harmful radioactive rays?". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  45. ↑ eham Amateur Radio Forum "Plasma TV – Mother of All RFI Producers", Retrieved April 2013[ unreliable source? ]
  46. ↑ Robertson, Adi (February 6, 2018). "Inside the desperate fight to keep old TVs alive". The Verge.
  47. ↑ "Sharp's new 120-inch 8K display features 2,048 dimming zones, a 120Hz refresh rate, and more". TechSpot. 11 September 2020.
  48. ↑ Dugan, Emily (8 January 2008). "6ft by 150 inches – and that's just the TV". The Independent. London.
  49. ↑ "World's biggest TV: Panasonic's 4K2K 3D 152-inch Plasma". January 12, 2010.
  50. ↑ "LG's Wireless 97-Inch OLED TV Is Full of Surprises". CNET. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  51. ↑ "Monitors: Earth's Magnetic Field Affects Performance". Apple Support Knowledgebase. Apple. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  52. ↑ "HP Notebook PCs – Diagnosing a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for Damage". 2017-01-12. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  53. ↑ "LCD and LED TV Care Guide; How to clean and maintain an LCD or LED Television". 2016-01-11. Archived from the original on 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  54. ↑ "Plasma Repair Answers". Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  55. ↑ "What means Native Resolution? - AfterDawn". www.afterdawn.com.
  56. ↑ "Meleeiton.me". Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  57. ↑ M. d'Zmura, T. P. Janice Shen, Wei Wu, Homer Chen, and Marius Vassiliou (1998), "Contrast Gain Control for Color Image Quality," IS&T/SPIE Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III, San Jose, California, January 1998, SPIE Vol. 3299, 194–201.
  58. ↑ "Plasma Television Guide". 2012-04-26. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  59. ↑ "LG OLED TV Reliability". LG Egypt. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.