Laser-powered phosphor display

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Laser-powered phosphor display (LPD) is a large-format display technology similar to the cathode ray tube (CRT). Prysm, Inc., a video wall designer and manufacturer in Silicon Valley, California, invented and patented [1] the LPD technology. [2] [3] The key components of the LPD technology are its TD2 tiles, its image processor, and its backing frame that supports LPD tile arrays. [4] The company unveiled the LPD in January 2010. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Operation principles

LPD uses a set of movable mirrors to direct several beams of light from several ultra-violet lasers onto a screen made of a plastic-glass hybrid material coated with color phosphor stripes. The laser draws an image onto the screen by scanning line by line from top to bottom. [7] The energy from the lasers' light activates the phosphors, which emit photons, producing an image. [5] [8] [9] [10]

The building blocks of every Prysm video wall are the Laser Phosphor Display (LPD) tiles called the TD2. Video walls are implemented using this new generation LPD TD2 tile, a virtually seamless, bezel-free building block. TD2, launched at InfoComm 2013, features increased resolution, brightness and enhanced uniformity. A variable number of TD2 tiles can be arranged in arbitrary configurations to form videowalls in various sizes and shapes. [11] [12]

Advantages

The main difference between the LPD and CRT technologies is that the first excites the phosphor (that emits light to produce the images) with a scanning laser beam deflected by a moving mirror, whereas the second uses an electron beam deflected by a magnetic or electrostatic field. [13] Whereas an electron beam must be projected through a vacuum—because in a gas, liquid, or solid medium the electrons would collide with atoms of the medium and combine with them to form ions—a laser beam can pass through air, so unlike a CRT, an LPD does not require a heavy airtight vacuum envelope (typically of glass) around the space between the beam source and the phosphor screen. Also, the collisions of the laser photons with the phosphor screen do not produce x-rays as a side effect, whereas electrons colliding with a screen in a vacuum do produce x-rays, requiring radiation shielding in a CRT (said shielding taking the form of leaded glass in most CRTs produced since the early 1980s) but not in a LPD. The absence of x-ray risk in LPD devices also eliminates the need for the safety circuits required in CRT monitors to shut down the display if it malfunctions so as to emit increased and unsafe levels of x-rays (which can happen if the high voltage applied to the tube increases beyond the design limit of the display).

Another competitor, plasma display technology, consists of small cells of ionized gases that emit light–a process that requires a relatively large amount of power. And a conventional laser television, such as the LaserVue, made by Mitsubishi, uses red, blue, and green lasers and a micromirror device that combines and directs the light. This is essentially a rear-projection display that wasn't popular due to cost. [14]

LPD requires less electricity than competing technologies including LCD and light-emitting diode (LED). [15] IAC reported a 70% reduction in power by switching to LPD, [16] and Prysm says LPD uses up to 75 percent less power than most other display technologies on the market. [17] An LPD device differs significantly from LCD in that more than 90 percent of the original light is lost in the latter process.

The TD2, building block of a video wall, does not suffer the problem of low brightness, contains no toxic component, has no consumables, and generates little heat. Its displays are highly configurable and can be stacked seamlessly to create supersized high-resolution video walls of almost any size or shape. [6]

According to Prysm, the LPD technology has other advantages including great black levels, a wide 180-degree viewing angle, a 65,000-hour panel life with no burn-in issues, completely recyclable components, and their production process is mercury free.[*]

LPD competes with liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display panel (PDP), surface electron display (SED) and other large-format display technologies. [8] [18]

One disadvantage of LPD is that the displays are deeper than some competing technologies, [19] each TD1 Tile including all peripherals measures almost 17 inches deep. [11] Depending on the frame type, the total installed depth varies between 24 and 30 inches. [20] [21]

Applications

The TD1 tile was launched in June 2010, [17] and was the earliest embodiment of this technology. Prysm began shipping TD1 tiles in February 2011. [22] [23]

LPD powered by the Prysm digital workplace platform software, is used as a giant touchscreen display, [24] a digital signage and in customer experience centers. [6] [25] The first LPD retail installation went on display at American Eagle Outfitters in New York in late 2010. [26] Other LPD deployments include a 120 feet long by 10 feet tall videowall at media company InterActiveCorp (IAC)'s headquarters building in New York in New York City, [4] [27] a 40-foot, 180-degree, interactive videowall at General Electric’s (GE) Customer Experience Center in Toronto [15] and television studios, [2] [28] and several videowalls for venues including Dubai TV [29] and Sprint. [30] Prysm digital workplace platform is a shared cloud workspace where multiple users can upload and view videos, documents, presentations and other media. [31]

Patents

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cathode-ray tube</span> Vacuum tube manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen

A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen. The images may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures, radar targets, or other phenomena. A CRT on a television set is commonly called a picture tube. CRTs have also been used as memory devices, in which case the screen is not intended to be visible to an observer. The term cathode ray was used to describe electron beams when they were first discovered, before it was understood that what was emitted from the cathode was a beam of electrons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphor</span> Luminescent substance

A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence; it emits light when exposed to some type of radiant energy. The term is used both for fluorescent or phosphorescent substances which glow on exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, and cathodoluminescent substances which glow when struck by an electron beam in a cathode-ray tube.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plasma display</span> Type of flat panel display

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large flat panel displays to be released to the public.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamut</span> Color reproduction

In color reproduction, the gamut, or color gamut, is a certain complete subset of colors. The most common usage refers to the subset of colors which can be accurately represented in a given circumstance, such as within a given color space or by a certain output device.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Display device</span> Output device for presentation of information in visual form

A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form. When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Video projector</span> Device that projects video onto a surface

A video projector is an image projector that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system. Video projectors use a very bright ultra-high-performance lamp, Xenon arc lamp, LED or solid state blue, RB, RGB or remote fiber optic RGB lasers to provide the illumination required to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies through manual settings. If a blue laser is used, a phosphor wheel is used to turn blue light into white light, which is also the case with white LEDs. A wheel is used in order to prolong the lifespan of the phosphor, as it is degraded by the heat generated by the laser diode. Remote fiber optic RGB laser racks can be placed far away from the projector, and several racks can be housed in a single, central room. Each projector can use up to two racks, and several monochrome lasers are mounted on each rack, the light of which is mixed and transmitted to the projector booth using optical fibers. Projectors using RB lasers use a blue laser with a phosphor wheel in conjunction with a conventional solid state red laser.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Television set</span> Device for viewing computers screen and shows broadcast through satellites or cables

A television set or television receiver, more commonly called the television, TV, TV set, telly, tele, or tube, is a large device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers, for the purpose of viewing and hearing television broadcasts, or as a computer monitor. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media for consumer use in the 1970s, such as Betamax, VHS; these were later succeeded by DVD. It has been used as a display device since the first generation of home computers and dedicated video game consoles in the 1980s. By the early 2010s, flat-panel television incorporating liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology, especially LED-backlit LCD technology, largely replaced CRT and other display technologies. Modern flat panel TVs are typically capable of high-definition display and can also play content from a USB device. Starting in the late 2010s, most flat panel TVs began to offer 4K and 8K resolutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Field-emission display</span>

A field-emission display (FED) is a flat panel display technology that uses large-area field electron emission sources to provide electrons that strike colored phosphor to produce a color image. In a general sense, an FED consists of a matrix of cathode ray tubes, each tube producing a single sub-pixel, grouped in threes to form red-green-blue (RGB) pixels. FEDs combine the advantages of CRTs, namely their high contrast levels and very fast response times, with the packaging advantages of LCD and other flat-panel technologies. They also offer the possibility of requiring less power, about half that of an LCD system. FEDs can also be made transparent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Storage tube</span>

Storage tubes are a class of cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) that are designed to hold an image for a long period of time, typically as long as power is supplied to the tube.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Direct-view bistable storage tube</span>

Direct-view bistable storage tube (DVBST) was an acronym used by Tektronix to describe their line of storage tubes. These were cathode ray tubes (CRT) that stored information written to them using an analog technique inherent in the CRT and based upon the secondary emission of electrons from the phosphor screen itself. The resulting image was visible in the continuously glowing patterns on the face of the CRT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surface-conduction electron-emitter display</span> CRT screen

A surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) is a display technology for flat panel displays developed by a number of companies. SEDs use nanoscopic-scale electron emitters to energize colored phosphors and produce an image. In a general sense, a SED consists of a matrix of tiny cathode-ray tubes, each "tube" forming a single sub-pixel on the screen, grouped in threes to form red-green-blue (RGB) pixels. SEDs combine the advantages of CRTs, namely their high contrast ratios, wide viewing angles, and very fast response times, with the packaging advantages of LCD and other flat panel displays. They also use much less power than an LCD television of the same size.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Screen burn-in</span> Disfigurement of an electronic display

Screen burn-in, image burn-in, ghost image, or shadow image, is a permanent discoloration of areas on an electronic display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) in an old computer monitor or television set. It is caused by cumulative non-uniform use of the screen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CRT projector</span> Older type of video projector that uses small, high intensity CRTs as image generating elements

A CRT projector is a video projector that uses a small, high-brightness cathode ray tube (CRT) as the image generating element. The image is then focused and enlarged onto a screen using a lens kept in front of the CRT face. The first color CRT projectors came out in the early 1950s. Most modern CRT projectors are color and have three separate CRTs, and their own lenses to achieve color images. The red, green and blue portions of the incoming video signal are processed and sent to the respective CRTs whose images are focused by their lenses to achieve the overall picture on the screen. Various designs have made it to production, including the "direct" CRT-lens design, and the Schmidt CRT, which employed a phosphor screen that illuminates a perforated spherical mirror, all within an evacuated cathode ray tube.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raster scan</span> Rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction

A raster scan, or raster scanning, is the rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction in television. By analogy, the term is used for raster graphics, the pattern of image storage and transmission used in most computer bitmap image systems. The word raster comes from the Latin word rastrum, which is derived from radere ; see also rastrum, an instrument for drawing musical staff lines. The pattern left by the lines of a rake, when drawn straight, resembles the parallel lines of a raster: this line-by-line scanning is what creates a raster. It is a systematic process of covering the area progressively, one line at a time. Although often a great deal faster, it is similar in the most general sense to how one's gaze travels when one reads lines of text.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large-screen television technology</span> Technology rapidly developed in the late 1990s and 2000s

Large-screen television technology developed rapidly in the late 1990s and 2000s. Prior to the development of thin-screen technologies, rear-projection television was standard for larger displays, and jumbotron, a non-projection video display technology, was used at stadiums and concerts. Various thin-screen technologies are being developed, but only liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display (PDP) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) have been publicly released. Recent technologies like organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as well as not-yet-released technologies like surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) or field emission display (FED) are in development to replace earlier flat-screen technologies in picture quality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vector monitor</span> Type of display device

A vector monitor, vector display, or calligraphic display is a display device used for computer graphics up through the 1970s. It is a type of CRT, similar to that of an early oscilloscope. In a vector display, the image is composed of drawn lines rather than a grid of glowing pixels as in raster graphics. The electron beam follows an arbitrary path tracing the connected sloped lines, rather than following the same horizontal raster path for all images. The beam skips over dark areas of the image without visiting their points.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rear-projection television</span>

Rear-projection television (RPTV) is a type of large-screen television display technology. Until approximately 2006, most of the relatively affordable consumer large screen TVs up to 100 in (250 cm) used rear-projection technology. A variation is a video projector, using similar technology, which projects onto a screen.

Display motion blur, also called HDTV blur and LCD motion blur, refers to several visual artifacts that are frequently found on modern consumer high-definition television sets and flat panel displays for computers.

An electronic visual display, informally a screen, is a display device for presentation of images, text, or video transmitted electronically, without producing a permanent record. Electronic visual displays include television sets, computer monitors, and digital signage. By the above definition, an overhead projector could reasonably be considered an electronic visual display since it is a display device for the presentation of an images, plain text, or video transmitted electronically without producing a permanent record. They are also ubiquitous in mobile computing applications like tablet computers, smartphones, and information appliances.

Electrically operated display devices have developed from electromechanical systems for display of text, up to all-electronic devices capable of full-motion 3D color graphic displays. Electromagnetic devices, using a solenoid coil to control a visible flag or flap, were the earliest type, and were used for text displays such as stock market prices and arrival/departure display times. The cathode ray tube was the workhorse of text and video display technology for several decades until being displaced by plasma, liquid crystal (LCD), and solid-state devices such as thin-film transistors (TFTs), LEDs and OLEDs. With the advent of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), integrated circuit (IC) chips, microprocessors, and microelectronic devices, many more individual picture elements ("pixels") could be incorporated into one display device, allowing graphic displays and video.

References

  1. 1 2 B2 USpatent US8232957 B2,Roger A. Hajjar, David Kent, Phillip Malyak,"Laser displays using phosphor screens emitting visible colored light",issued July 31, 2012
  2. 1 2 "Fortune India: Boss, I shrunk the office". Fortune India, 2017-06-30
  3. ↑ Siegler, MG "LPD: Prysm's New Acronym Promises Huge Screens, 75% Less Power Consumption". TechCrunch, 2010-01-12
  4. 1 2 3 Clancy, Heather. "Is This The World's Greenest Video Wall?". Forbes (magazine), 2013-12-19
  5. 1 2 Greene, Kate. "A New Breed of Laser TV". MIT Technology Review, 2010-01-20
  6. 1 2 3 "Laser Phosphor Display (LPD) television - it's all done with mirrors". Phys.org, 2010-06-01
  7. ↑ Roush, Wade. "Prysm Hopes Laser-Driven Screens Will Outshine LCD, LED Displays". Xconomy, 2010-01-13
  8. 1 2 Ayala, David. "LPD HDTVs: Are they the future or late to the party?". PC World, 2010-01-15
  9. ↑ "Laser Phosphor Display - How It Works". Prysm
  10. ↑ "Prysm's Ecovative Laser Phosphor Displays (LPDs): Consumer Tech Will Have To Wait". Phys.org, 2010-01-19
  11. 1 2 TD1 Tile Product Specification Sheet [ permanent dead link ]. Prysm
  12. ↑ Prysm to exhibit Cascade collaboration solutions and 4K UHD capabilities at InfoComm. AV Magazine, 2014-04-06
  13. ↑ "Definition of: Laser Phosphor Display". PCMag.com
  14. ↑ Clancy, Heather. "Roger Hajjar's Prysm Wants to Bring Eco-Friendly, Life-Size Video To Your Home". Forbes (magazine), 2013-12-04
  15. 1 2 Roush, Wade. "At American Eagle, Prysm's Laser Displays Banish the Bezel; Startup to Present at Tonight's 5×5 Event". Xconomy, 2010-12-08
  16. ↑ Brousell, Lauren. "Great Wall of Video". CIO, 2012-11-15
  17. 1 2 Hall, Christopher. "InfoComm: Prysm showcases 'ecovative' thinking with TD1 displays". DigitalSignageToday.com, 2010-06-21
  18. ↑ Desmarais, Martin. "Picture Perfect". IndUS Business Journal, 2010-09-03
  19. ↑ Taub, Eric A. "Is LPD the Next LCD?". The New York Times, 2010-01-12
  20. ↑ Standard Frame Product Specification Sheet Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine . Prysm.com
  21. ↑ Premium Frame Product Specification Sheet Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine . Prysm.com
  22. ↑ Prysm Announces It Is Shipping Brilliant, Stackable Display Tiles. Prysm.com, 2011-02-25
  23. ↑ Cardinal, David. "Think you have a big screen TV?". ExtremeTech, 2012-11-23
  24. ↑ Clancy, Heather. "The hottest trinket in the tech industry? A 120-foot video wall". ZDNet, 2013-04-03
  25. ↑ "Prysm Displays". Prysm
  26. ↑ Clancy, Heather. "Retailer picks Prysm displays for their eco-friendly visual punch". ZDNet, 2011-01-19
  27. ↑ "Prysm LPD technology at heart of largest videowall". Installation, 2012-10-11
  28. ↑ Cardinal, David. "Think you have a big screen TV? Check out these monster video walls". ExtremeTech, 2012-11-23
  29. ↑ Cherian, Vijaya. "Dubai TV invests in two additional Prysm LPD monitors". BroadcastPro Middle East, 2012-05-03
  30. ↑ CI Staff. "Prysm Video Wall Fosters Engagement at Sprint Exec. Center". Commercial Integrator, 2017-08-17
  31. ↑ Lawson, Stephen. "Cisco faces a tougher collaboration rival in updated Prysm". PC World, 2017-02-07
  32. ↑ A1 USpatent US20130076852 A1,Hanxiang Bai, Roger A. Hajjar,"2-D straight-scan on imaging surface with a raster polygon",issued March 28, 2013
  33. ↑ 9217862 B2 USpatent US 9217862 B2,Roger A. Hajjar,"Local dimming on light-emitting screens for improved image uniformity in scanning beam display systems",issued December 22, 2015
  34. ↑ 20130083082 A1 USpatent US 20130083082 A1,Bukesov; Sergey A.,"Composite and other phosphor materials for emitting visible light and applications in generation of visible light including light-emitting screens",issued April 4, 2013
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