Cypripedium macranthos

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Cypripedium macranthos
Cypripedium macranthos - Edwards vol 18 pl 1534 (1832).jpg
1832 illustration from
Edward's Botanical Register
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Cypripedioideae
Genus: Cypripedium
Species:
C. macranthos
Binomial name
Cypripedium macranthos
Sw.
Synonyms [2]
  • Cypripedium calceolus var. rubrum Georgi
  • Sacodon macranthos(Sw.) Raf.
  • Cypripedium thunbergii Blume
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. vulgare Regel
  • Cypripedium speciosum Rolfe
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. flavumMandl
  • Cypripedium rebunenseKudô
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. albiflorum Makino
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum(Rolfe) Koidz.
  • Cypripedium speciosum var. albiflorumMakino
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. maximum Nakai
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. rebunense(Kudô) Ohwi
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense(Kudô) Miyabe & Kudô
  • Cypripedium thunbergii f. albiflorum(Makino) Okuyama
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. albiflorum(Makino) Ohwi
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. alboroseumAver.
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. albostriatumAver.
  • Cypripedium macranthos f. flavoroseumAver.
  • Cypripedium macranthos var. atropurpureumAver.
  • Cypripedium neoparviflorumY.N.Lee

Cypripedium macranthos, the large-flowered cypripedium, is a species of orchid. It is native to Russia and East Asia.

Contents

Distribution and habitat

C. macranthos has a widespread distribution across Russia (European Russia and Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Huvsgul, Hentii, Mongol Daguur, and Khyangan), Japan, Korea, China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, and Shandong provinces) and Taiwan. It may also be found in Belarus and Ukraine, but this has not been confirmed. It grows in a variety of habitats from sea level to 2,400 m (7,900 ft) above sea level, including meadows, forests, woodland edges, scrub, riparian areas, and grassy slopes. It prefers well-drained, humus-rich soils but tolerates both acidic and alkaline substrates. Though it prefers slightly shaded areas, it will also grow in more open habitat. [1]

Description

C. macranthos is a herbaceous plant growing 25–50 cm (9.8–19.7 in) tall. The upright stem arises from a short, thick rhizome with several sheaths near the base. Each plant has three to four elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate leaves, each measuring 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) by 6–8 cm (2.4–3.1 in). The inflorescence typically bears a single red, pink, or purple flower. Rarely, two flowers may be present, or the flower may be white in colour. The dorsal sepal is ovate-elliptic with a pointed tip, measuring 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) by 2.5–3 cm (0.98–1.18 in). The synsepal is ovate with a slightly two-loved tip, measuring 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in)1.5–2 cm (0.59–0.79 in). The petals are lanceolate and each measure 4.5–6 cm (1.8–2.4 in) by 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in). The labellum measures 4.5–5.5 cm (1.8–2.2 in) and is deeply pouched, with a small opening measuring 1.5 cm (0.59 in) across. The fruit is an ellipsoid capsule measuring approximately 4 cm (1.6 in) long. [3] [4]

C. macranthos is similar in appearance to Cypripedium tibeticum , which has slightly larger, darker flowers. [4]

Ecology

C. macranthos is capable of reproducing both sexually and vegetatively. Flowering occurs from June to July, with fruits appearing from August to September. [3] Its flowers are self-compatible and primarily pollinated by bumblebee queens. [5]

Cypripedium × ventricosum is a naturally occurring hybrid between C. macranthos and C. calceolus . [3] [6]

Related Research Articles

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Cypripedium is a genus of 58 species and nothospecies of hardy orchids; it is one of five genera that together compose the subfamily of lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae). They are widespread across much of the Northern Hemisphere, including most of Europe and Africa (Algeria), Russia, China, Central Asia, Canada the United States, Mexico, and Central America. They are most commonly known as slipper orchids, lady's slipper orchids, or ladyslippers; other common names include moccasin flower, camel's foot, squirrel foot, steeple cap, Venus' shoes, and whippoorwill shoe. An abbreviation used in trade journals is "Cyp." The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek Κύπρις (Kúpris), an early reference in Greek myth to Aphrodite, and πέδιλον (pédilon), meaning "sandal".

<i>Calypso bulbosa</i> Species of orchid

Calypso is a genus of orchids containing one species, Calypso bulbosa, known as the calypso orchid, fairy slipper or Venus's slipper. It is a perennial member of the orchid family found in undisturbed northern and montane forests. It has a small pink, purple, pinkish-purple, or red flower accented with a white lip, darker purple spottings, and yellow beard. The genus Calypso takes its name from the Greek signifying concealment, as they tend to favor sheltered areas on conifer forest floors. The specific epithet, bulbosa, refers to the bulb-like corms.

<i>Phragmipedium kovachii</i> Species of plant

Phragmipedium kovachii is an orchid species found to be new to science in 2001, native to the Andean cloud forests of northern Peru. A species with terrestrial habit and growing in clumps of several individuals, it displays showy pink to purple flowers up to 20 cm (8 in) wide. It is currently considered a critically endangered species by the IUCN, due to overcollection in the wild.

<i>Cypripedium kentuckiense</i> Species of orchid

Cypripedium kentuckiense, the Kentucky lady's slipper or southern lady's slipper, is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as lady's slipper orchids.

<i>Cypripedium acaule</i> Species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae

Cypripedium acaule, the pink lady's slipper or moccasin flower, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae native to eastern North America. It is currently the provincial flower of Prince Edward Island, Canada, and the state wildflower of New Hampshire, United States.

<i>Coelogyne pandurata</i> Species of orchid

Coelogyne pandurata is a species of orchid native to Southeast Asia. It was first described by English botanist John Lindley in 1853 based on a specimen collected from Sarawak in 1852 by Hugh Low.

<i>Hemerocallis middendorffii</i> Species of flowering plant

Hemerocallis middendorffii, known as Amur daylily, is a plant species in the subfamily Hemerocallidoideae of the family Asphodelaceae of the order Asparagales. It is native to the Russian Far East, northwest China, Korea, and Japan. It grows in meadows, mountain slopes, open woods, and scrub. It is cultivated in Asia for its edible flowers.

<i>Phalaenopsis stobartiana</i> Species of orchid

Phalaenopsis stobartiana, also known as 滇西蝴蝶兰 in Chinese, is a species of epiphytic plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Hainan, China. The specific epithet stobartiana refers to William Culley Stobart. The Stobart family were the principal landowners and colliery owners in the 19th century in England.

<i>Cypripedium parviflorum</i> Species of orchid

Cypripedium parviflorum, commonly known as yellow lady's slipper or moccasin flower, is a lady's slipper orchid native to North America. It is widespread, ranging from Alaska south to Arizona and Georgia. It grows in fens, wetlands, shorelines, and damp woodlands.

<i>Cypripedium tibeticum</i> Species of orchid

Cypripedium tibeticum is a species of slipper orchid in the section Cypripedium in the subsec. Macrantha It is native to Bhutan, Sikkim, and Western China.

<i>Polystachya subdiphylla</i> Species of orchid

Polystachya subdiphylla is a species of orchid native to Tanzania.

<i>Cattleya rex</i> Species of plant

Cattleya rex is a species of epiphytic orchid of showy white flowers, native to montane forests in Peru and Bolivia.

<i>Epidendrum coriifolium</i> Species of orchid

Epidendrum coriifolium is a sympodial orchid which grows both terrestrially and epiphytically at altitudes of 1.4—1.7 km in dense forests in Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela.

<i>Gennaria diphylla</i> Species of orchid

Gennaria diphylla is a species of flowering plant from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, native to the region from the western Mediterranean and Macaronesia. Gennaria diphylla was illustrated in plate 3164 of Curtis' Botanical Magazine, 1832.

<i>Pseuderanthemum variabile</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae

Pseuderanthemum variabile, commonly known as pastel flower or love flower in its native range, or night and afternoon in the USA, is a small perennial herb in the family Acanthaceae which is native to Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. It can be an unwelcome nuisance in orchid nurseries in Australia.

<i>Cypripedium arietinum</i> Species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae

Cypripedium arietinum, the ram's head lady's slipper, is a rare terrestrial orchid that grows in lightly to heavily shaded areas with calcareous soils. It is characteristic of the alvars around the Great Lakes in North America]. In Canada, it is found from Quebec to Saskatchewan, plus an isolated population in Nova Scotia, where it grows on gypsum based soils, 330 km away from the nearest population in Maine.

<i>Trichoglottis atropurpurea</i> Species of plant

Trichoglottis atropurpurea, the dark purple trichoglottis, is a species of orchid endemic to the Philippines. This hot to warm growing epiphyte was first found growing in mangrove swamps in the islands of Biliran, Catanduanes, Mindanao and Polillo. The plant shares the same appearance with T. philippinensis except for the rich dark color of the blooms and slight variation of the perianth. This species was first described in 1877 by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, an expert on the orchid family. At that time, thousands of newly discovered orchids were being sent back to Europe, and he was responsible for identifying, describing and classifying many of these new discoveries.

<i>Syringa tomentella</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae

Syringa tomentella is a species in the genus Syringa, in the family Oleaceae.

<i>Malaxis seychellarum</i> Species of orchid

Malaxis seychellarum is a species of orchid endemic to the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean. First described in 1902, it is now considered a vulnerable species.

<i>Platanthera dilatata</i> Species of orchid

Platanthera dilatata, known as tall white bog orchid, bog candle, or boreal bog orchid is a species of orchid, a flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to North America. It was first formally described in 1813 by Frederick Traugott Pursh as Orchis dilatata.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rankou, H. (2014). "Cypripedium macranthos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T43316741A43327679. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T43316741A43327679.en . Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  2. "Cypripedium macranthos Sw". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 Wu, Zheng-yi; Raven, Peter H., eds. (2009). Flora of China: Orchidaceae. Flora of China. Vol. 25. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN   978-1-930723-90-0. OCLC   769740774.
  4. 1 2 la Croix, Isobyl (2008). The New Encyclopedia of Orchids: 1500 Species in Cultivation. Timber Press. p. 134. ISBN   9780881928761.
  5. Chang, Jui-Tse; Zhang, Yu; Andronova, Elena; Averyanov, Leonid V; Filippov, Evgeniy G; Kawahara, Takayuki; Shefferson, Richard; Kim, Joo-Hwan; Hsu, Rebecca C-C; Cho, Yu-Hsiu; Luo, Min-Xin; Liao, Pei-Chun; Lee, Yung-I (2024). "Middle Pleistocene climate change influenced northward divergence and cold adaptation in an Asian lady's slipper orchid, Cypripedium macranthos Sw. (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 205 (2): 150–160. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boae003.
  6. "Cypripedium × ventricosum Sw". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 10 October 2024.