Danata Formation

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Danata Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Eocene-Mid Eocene
~56–45  Ma
Type Geological formation
Location
Coordinates 38°38′N55°48′E / 38.633°N 55.800°E / 38.633; 55.800 [1]
Approximate paleocoordinates 35°06′N51°12′E / 35.1°N 51.2°E / 35.1; 51.2
CountryFlag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan
Relief Map of Turkmenistan.png
Orange pog.svg
Danata Formation (Turkmenistan)

The Danata Formation (or Danatinskaya, Danatinsk, Russian: Danata Svita) is an earliest Eocene to Middle Eocene sedimentary succession located in Turkmenistan. It is mostly famous for its fish-bearing horizons (Ichthyofauna). [1] The formation for example crops out in the Kopet Dag mountain range in the border region of Turkmenistan and Iran. [1] It was deposited in a far northeastern arm of the Tethys Sea. [2]

Contents

Previously, it was thought that the earliest horizons of this formation dated to the latest Paleocene (Thanetian). However, more recent studies have found the formation's sapropel to originate from a global anoxic event caused by the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, indicating that it formed just after the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, during the earliest Ypresian. [2]

Paleoenvironment

The Danata Formation is famous for its ichthyofauna. The fish are found in a 9 metres (30 ft) thick clay horizon in the middle of the succession, that has been dated as earliest Ypresian, around 56 million years ago. [1] [2] This includes fossils of the family Turkmenidae. Luvarus necopinatus was first described in this formation. Other fossils of fish include the genera Eospinus, Danatinia, Exellia, Turkmene and Avitoluvarus . The snake species Archaeophis turkmenicus has also been described. [3] A similar fauna occurs in the Moler Formation in Denmark. [1] The majority of these taxa were named by prominent Russian ichthyologist Pavel Daniltshenko. [4]

The fauna is largely dominated by three species: Primisardinella genetrix , Chanos torosus , and Mene triangulum . The formation appears to have been deposited in an open-water environment as the vast majority of genera had a pelagic lifestyle, with only two very rare benthic genera ( Eolamprogrammus and Asanoa ) known. Despite some of the similarities in the taxonomic affiliation of the Danata ichthyofauna with modern-day marine ichthyofauna, only five to six genera represented in the formation ( Chanos , Seriola , Luvarus , Mene , Scomberomorus , and possibly Caesio ) also have modern representatives. Uniquely, a high diversity of luvarid fishes is known from the formation, despite this family being represented by a single, very rare species (the louvar) in the modern day. [5]

Paleobiota

The following taxa are known: [4] [5]

Bony fish

GenusSpeciesNotesImage
Archaeus A. oblongusA carangid. Archaeus oblongus.jpg
Argestichthys A. vysotzkyiA gempylid.
Asanoa A. kushlukensisA snake eel.
Asianthus A. celebratus (= Serranus celebratus)A perciform of uncertain affinities.
Auxides A. turkmenicusA scombrid.
Avitoluvarus A. dianaeA luvarid. Avitoluvarus M D recon.JPG
A. mariannae
Blochiidae indet.A blochiid billfish.
? Caesio ? C. breviuscula A fusilier. Caesio caerulaurea.jpg
Chanos C. torosus A relative of milkfish. Milkfish.jpg
Danatinia D. cascaA turkmenid lamprimoph. Danatinia casca.JPG
Eocoelopoma E. portentosaA scombrid.
Eolamprogrammus E. senectusA viviparous brotula.
Eospinus E. daniltshenkoiA bolcabalistid tetraodontiform. Eospinus daniltshenkoi.jpg
Exellia E. proximaAn exelliid percomorph. Exellia velifer 2.JPG
Georgidens G. nikolskiiA georgidentid eel.
Goodya G. danatensisA halecid aulopiform.
Hemingwaya H. sarissaA hemingwayid billfish.
Idrissia I. turkmenicaA stomiiform of uncertain affinities. Idrissia turkmenica.JPG
Kushlukia K. permiraA kushlukiid acanthuriform. Kushlukia permira 1.jpg
Luvarus L. necopinatus A relative of the louvar. Luvarus necopinnatus.jpg
Mene M. triangulum A moonfish. Mene maculata Ford 53.jpg
Neocassandra N. micaA blackchin.
Opsithrissops O. osseusA bonytongue.
Palaeothunnus P. parvidentatusA scombrid.
Palimphyes P. palaeocenicusA euzaphlegid. Palimphyes elongatus Teylers.JPG
Pauranthus P. argutulusA perciform of uncertain affinities.
Platinx P. cognitusA late-surviving pachyrhizodontid crossognathiform. Platinx macropterus 546.jpg
Primisardinella P. genetrixA clupeid.
Protorhamphosus P. parvulusA macroramphosid.
Pycnodontiformes indet.A pycnodont.
Scomberomorus S. avitus A Spanish mackerel. Scbra u0.gif
Scombrosarda S. turkmenicaA scombrid.
Seriola S. paleocenica A relative of amberjacks. SeriolaDumeriliRLSLarge.jpg
Siganopygaeus S. rarusA relative of rabbitfish.
Trachicaranx T. tersus (= Uylyaichthys eugeniae)An apolectid carangiform. Trachicaranx tersus.jpg
Turkmene T. finitimusA turkmenid lamprimoph. Turkmene finitimus.JPG
Urosphenopsis U. sagittaA urosphenid syngnathiform.

Reptiles

GenusSpeciesNotesImage
" Archaeophis ""A." turkmenicusA palaeophiid snake. Assignment to Archaeophis disputed. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Archaeus</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Archaeus is an extinct genus of marine jackfish from the Paleogene of Europe, where it inhabited the former Tethys Ocean. The oldest species, A. oblongus is from the early Ypresian epoch of Eocene Turkmenistan, and the last species, A. glarisianus and A. solus, are from the early to middle Rupelian, of the Matt Formation of Canton Glarus, Switzerland and the Pshekha Formation of North Caucasus, Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medusafish</span> Family of ray-finned fishes

Medusafishes are a family, Centrolophidae, of scombriform ray-finned fishes. The family includes about 31 species. They are found in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world.

<i>Mene</i> Genus of ray-finned fishes

The moonfish of the genus Mene, the sole extant genus of the family Menidae, are disk-shaped fish which bear a vague resemblance to gourami, thanks to their thread-like pelvic fins. Today, the genus is represented only by Mene maculata of the Indo-Pacific, where it is a popular food fish, especially in the Philippines, where it is known as bilong-bilong, chabita, hiwas or tahas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fur Formation</span> Marine geologial formation in Denmark

The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian age which crops out in the Limfjord region of northern Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area. The Diatomite Cliffs is on the Danish list of tentative candidates for World Heritage and may become a World Heritage site. Fossils found in the Fur Formation are primarily housed at the Fossil and Mo-clay Museum on Mors Island, the Fur Museum on Fur Island, and the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen.

Blochius is an extinct genus of billfish from the Eocene. It is only known from the Monte Bolca deposits in Italy, and was likely restricted to shallow, tropical waters of the Tethys Ocean.

<i>Eospinus</i> Species of fish

Eospinus daniltshenkoi is an extinct tetraodontid bony fish from the Eocene. Its fossils are from the Danata Formation lagerstatten of Ypresian Turkmenistan.

<i>Exellia</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Exellia is a genus of extinct spadefish that lived in the Tethys Ocean during the early Paleogene. The adult form is shaped akin to a large spadefish or a short dolphinfish, with very large pelvic fins, and a long dorsal fin starting from in front of the eyes to near the base of the caudal peduncle. The juvenile form resembles a juvenile drumfish, with the dorsal fin forming a long crest on top of the head.

<i>Avitoluvarus</i> Extinct genus of fishes

Avitoluvarus is a genus of extinct louvar that lived in the Peri-Tethys Sea during the early Paleogene. The first specimens were found from the Danata Formation Lagerstätten, of the Ypresian age of Turkmenistan, where they were originally thought to be smaller or juvenile individuals of the true louvar, Luvarus necopinatus. These specimens were later reexamined, and determined to be a separate genus comprising two species.

<i>Luvarus necopinatus</i> Extinct species of fish

Luvarus necopinatus is a species of extinct louvar that lived in the Tethys Ocean during the early Paleogene. It differs from the modern species, L. imperialis, in that L. necopinatus has an oval body shape, and is around one foot in length when fully grown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkmenidae</span> Extinct family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euzaphlegidae</span> Extinct family of ray-finned fishes

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<i>Kushlukia</i> Extinct genus of fishes

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<i>Bolcyrus</i> Extinct genus of prehistoric marine eel

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<i>Aluvarus</i> Extinct genus of fishes

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<i>Palimphyes</i> Extinct genus of fishes

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<i>Ampullinopsis</i> Extinct genus of gastropods

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Prokofiev, Artém M. "The Late Paleocene fish fauna of Turkmenistan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2023-10-01). "On the Evolution of Some Groups of Marine Bony Fishes in the Cenozoic of the Tethys and Paratethys". Paleontological Journal. 57 (5): 475–490. Bibcode:2023PalJ...57..475B. doi:10.1134/S0031030123050015. ISSN   1555-6174.
  3. Head et al., 2005
  4. 1 2 Bannikov, A. F.; Parin, N. N. (1996). "The List of Marine Fishes From Cenozoic (Upper Paleocene-Middle Miocene) Localities in Southern European Russia and Adjacent Countries". Voprosy Ikhtiologii. 37 (2): 149–161.
  5. 1 2 Банников, Александр Федорович (2009). Ископаемые колючеперые рыбы (Acanthopterygii): систематика, филогения и роль в кайнозойских ихтиокомплексах Тетиса и Паратетиса (Thesis) (in Russian).
  6. Gower, David J.; Zaher, Hussam (2022-08-11). The Origin and Early Evolutionary History of Snakes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-108-94507-3.

Bibliography