Dicaeum

Dicaeum
Nilgiri flycatcher (Dicaeum concolor)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Dicaeidae
Genus:	Dicaeum Cuvier, 1816
Type species
Certhia erythronotus [1] = Certhia cruentata Latham, 1790
Species
see text

Pale-billed flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos with a Muntingia calabura berry (Hyderabad, India)

Thick-billed flowerpecker Dicaeum agile on Helicteres isora

Dicaeum is a genus of birds in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae, a group of passerines tropical southern Asia and Australasia from India east to the Philippines and south to Australia. Within the family Dicaeidae the genus Dicaeum is sister to a clade containing the genera Prionochilus and Pachyglossa . ^{[2] [3]}

Its members are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, 10 to 18 cm in length, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. The latter features reflect the importance of nectar in the diet of many species, although berries, spiders and insects are also taken.

2-4 eggs are laid, typically in a purse-like nest suspended from a tree.

Taxonomy

The genus Dicaeum was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816. ^[4] The name is from the Ancient Greek dikaion. Cuvier claimed that this was a word for a very small Indian bird mentioned by the Roman author Claudius Aelianus but the word probably referred instead to the scarab beetle Scarabaeus sacer . ^[5] The type species was designated as the scarlet-backed flowerpecker by George Robert Gray in 1840. ^{[6] [7]}

The genus contains the following 44 species: ^[8]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
-	Spectacled flowerpecker	Dicaeum dayakorum	Borneo
-	Golden-rumped flowerpecker	Dicaeum annae	Lesser Sundas
	Yellow-sided flowerpecker	Dicaeum aureolimbatum	Sulawesi
	Olive-capped flowerpecker	Dicaeum nigrilore	montane Mindanao
	Yellow-crowned flowerpecker	Dicaeum anthonyi	montane northern Luzon
	Flame-crowned flowerpecker	Dicaeum kampalili	montane Mindanao
	Bicolored flowerpecker	Dicaeum bicolor	Philippines
	Red-keeled flowerpecker	Dicaeum australe	Philippines
	Black-belted flowerpecker	Dicaeum haematostictum	Western Visayas
	Scarlet-collared flowerpecker	Dicaeum retrocinctum	Mindoro
-	Cebu flowerpecker	Dicaeum quadricolor	Cebu
	Orange-bellied flowerpecker	Dicaeum trigonostigma	Southeast Asia
-	Buzzing flowerpecker	Dicaeum hypoleucum	Philippines
	Pale-billed flowerpecker	Dicaeum erythrorhynchos	South Asia
	Nilgiri flowerpecker	Dicaeum concolor	Western Ghats
	Plain flowerpecker	Dicaeum minullum	Northeast India, southern China and Southeast Asia
-	Andaman flowerpecker	Dicaeum virescens	Andaman Islands
	Pygmy flowerpecker	Dicaeum pigmaeum	Philippines
-	Crimson-crowned flowerpecker	Dicaeum nehrkorni	montane Sulawesi
-	Buru flowerpecker	Dicaeum erythrothorax	Buru
-	Halmahera flowerpecker	Dicaeum schistaceiceps	northern Moluccas
-	Ashy flowerpecker	Dicaeum vulneratum	east-central Moluccas
	Olive-crowned flowerpecker	Dicaeum pectorale	Raja Ampat Islands and northwest New-Guinea
-	Red-capped flowerpecker	Dicaeum geelvinkianum	New Guinea and satellites
-	Louisiade flowerpecker	Dicaeum nitidum	Louisiade archipelago
-	Red-banded flowerpecker	Dicaeum eximium	eastern Bismarck archipelago
-	Midget flowerpecker	Dicaeum aeneum	Solomon Islands
-	Mottled flowerpecker	Dicaeum tristrami	Makira
-	Black-fronted flowerpecker	Dicaeum igniferum	Lesser Sundas
-	Red-chested flowerpecker	Dicaeum maugei	Selayar Islands and eastern Lesser Sundas
-	Pink-breasted flowerpecker	Dicaeum keiense	southern Moluccas
	Mistletoebird	Dicaeum hirundinaceum	Aru Islands and Australia
-	Grey-sided flowerpecker	Dicaeum celebicum	Sulawesi
-	Black-sided flowerpecker	Dicaeum monticolum	montane Borneo
	Fire-breasted flowerpecker	Dicaeum ignipectus	Himalayas, southern China, Taiwan and Indochina
-	Cambodian flowerpecker	Dicaeum cambodianum	eastern Thailand and Cambodia
-	Sumatran flowerpecker	Dicaeum beccarii	Bukit Barisan
-	Fire-throated flowerpecker	Dicaeum luzoniense	Philippines
-	Javan flowerpecker	Dicaeum sanguinolentum	montane Java and Bali
-	Flores flowerpecker	Dicaeum rhodopygiale	Flores
-	Sumba flowerpecker	Dicaeum wilhelminae	Sumba
-	Timor flowerpecker	Dicaeum hanieli	Timor
	Scarlet-backed flowerpecker	Dicaeum cruentatum	southern China and Southeast Asia
	Scarlet-headed flowerpecker	Dicaeum trochileum	Bangka Island, southern Sumatra/Borneo and Java

References

1. "Dicaeidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
2. Nyária, Árpád S.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Rice, Nathan H.; Moyle, Robert G. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships of flowerpeckers (Aves: Dicaeidae): Novel insights into the evolution of a tropical passerine clade". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (3): 613–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.014. hdl: 1808/6569 . PMID   19576993.
3. Salomonsen, Finn (1960). "Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). 2, The primitive species of the genus Dicaeum. American Museum novitates ; no. 1991". American Museum Novitates (1991). hdl:2246/3544.
4. Cuvier, Georges (1816). Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Déterville. pp. 410–411. The volume has the year 1817 printed on the title page but was published in 1816. See: Dickinson, E.C.; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011). Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 85. ISBN   978-0-9568611-1-5.
5. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 135. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
6. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 13.
7. Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 174.
8. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (February 2025). "Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 15.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 March 2025.

External links

• Flowerpecker videos and photographs