Entosiphon

This article is about a genus of flagellates. For the plant alternatively known as Entosiphon, see Atuna (plant).

Entosiphon
Differencial interference contrast micrograph of Entosiphon oblongum. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Discoba
Phylum:	Euglenozoa
Class:	Euglenida
Family:	Entosiphonidae Cavalier-Smith 2016 [1]
Genus:	Entosiphon Stein 1878 [2]
Type species
Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin 1841) Stein 1878
Other species
Entosiphon oblongum

Entosiphon is a genus of euglenids. It was described by Friedrich Stein in 1878.

Description

Entosiphon is a genus of phagotrophic euglenids, single-celled flagellates with two flagella characterized by a protein pellicle present beneath the cell membrane. In particular, Entosiphon cells are distinguished by a protrusible ingestion apparatus. Their pellicle is composed of twelve protein strips. ^[3]

Classification

The genus Entosiphon was described by Friedrich Stein in 1878. It was established to transfer a species of Anisonema , A. sulcata, to a separate genus, which changed the original spelling of this species to E. sulcatum. ^[2] A second species, E. oblongum, was described in 2016. ^[4] The genus was placed in a separate family Entosiphonidae the same year. ^[1]

The evolutionary position of Entosiphon among euglenids is unstable, either branching with Hemiolia and Liburna or forming a separate branch, depending on the methods and datasets used. In all cases, it consistently branches among basal, non-flexible euglenids, outside of any major euglenid group. ^{[3] [5]}

References

1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (October 2016). "Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 56: 250–276. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 .
2. Friedrich Ritter von Stein (1878). Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. III. Abtheilung. Der Organismus der Flagellaten nach eigenen Forschungen in Systematischer Reihenfolge. I. Hälfte, Den noch nicht abgeschlossenen allgemeinen Theil nebst Erklärung der sämmtlichen Abbildungen enthaltend [The Infusoria Organism. Volume III. The Flagellate Organism according to our own research in a systematic order. Part I, Containing the general part, which has not yet been completed, along with an explanation of all the illustrations] (in German). Leipzig: W. Engelmann. plate XXIV, figures 17–25. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.3933 . OCLC   475289589 . Retrieved 2024-04-17.
3. Kostygov, Alexei Y.; Karnkowska, Anna; Votýpka, Jan; Tashyreva, Daria; Maciszewski, Kacper; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Lukeš, Julius (2021). "Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses". Open Biology. 11 200407. doi:10.1098/rsob.200407. PMC   8061765 . PMID   33715388.
4. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Vickerman, Keith (October 2016). "New phagotrophic euglenoid species (new genus Decastava; Scytomonas saepesedens; Entosiphon oblongum), Hsp90 introns, and putative euglenoid Hsp90 pre-mRNA insertional editing". European Journal of Protistology. 56: 147–170. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.08.002 .
5. Lax, Gordon; Cho, Anna; Keeling, Patrick J. (13 March 2023). "Phylogenomics of novel ploeotid taxa contribute to the backbone of the euglenid tree". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70 (4) e12973. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12973 . ISSN   1066-5234.