Eutreptiella

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Eutreptiella
EutreptiellaGymnastica.jpg
Eutreptiella gymnastica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Discoba
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Class: Euglenida
Clade: Euglenophyceae
Order: Eutreptiales
Family: Eutreptiaceae
Genus: Eutreptiella
A.M.da Cunha [1]
Type species
Eutreptiella marina
A.M.da Cunha [1]

Eutreptiella is a genus of Euglenozoa belonging to the family Eutreptiaceae (Eutreptiidae). [1] The genus was first described by A. M. da Cunha in 1914. [1]

Contents

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. [2]

Description

Eutreptiella consists of single, free-swimming flagellate cells. Cells have two or four unequal flagella, an eyespot (stigma), and discoid, stellate or reticulate chloroplasts (according to the species) The cells exhibit a form of movement called metaboly. [3]

Habitat and ecology

Eutreptiella is found in marine habitats (typically in the neritic zone), [4] or in brackish habitats such as estuaries. During spring and summer, it can form blooms and become locally dominant. [3] At least one species ( E. eupharyngea ) is mixotrophic and feeds on marine heteretrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. [5] Blooms of euglenoids can be beneficial, as a source of nutrition for animals. However, Eutreptiella has also been implicated in fish kills in Mexico. [6]

Biochemistry

The chloroplast genome of Eutreptiella gymnastica is 67,622 base pairs long. It appears to have gone through considerable genome reduction compared to its freshwater relatives Euglena . Eutreptiella is able to adjust its photosynthesis rate and lipid production according to external environmental factors, through a complex transcriptomic system. [3]

Eutreptiella species are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids. They are also candidates for algal biofuel production, due to their high rate of lipid production. [3]

Taxonomy

Eutreptiella is very similar to Eutreptia , the main difference being that the flagella are significantly unequal in length. [1] In some phylogenetic analyses, Eutreptiella is recovered as paraphyletic with respect to Eutreptia. [7]

Species: [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Eutreptiella A.M.da Cunha, 1914 :: Algaebase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. ↑ "Eutreptiella Cunha, 1914". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hernández Márquez, Sinuhé; Zamudio-Resendiz, María Eugenia; Murrieta-Alarcón, Montserrat; Núñez Resendiz, María Luisa; Dreckmann, Kurt M.; Sentíes, Abel (2024). "The genus Eutreptiella (Euglenophyceae/Euglenozoa) across its global distribution range". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9): e70241. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470241H. doi:10.1002/ece3.70241. PMC   11377499 . PMID   39247165.
  4. ↑ Stonik, I. V. (2007). "Species of the genus Eutreptiella (Euglenophyceae) from Russian waters of East/Japan Sea". Ocean Science Journal. 42 (2): 81–88. doi:10.1007/BF03020876.
  5. ↑ Yoo, Yeong Du; Seong, Kyeong Ah; Kim, Hyung Seop; Jeong, Hae Jin; Yoon, Eun Young; Park, Jaeyeon; Kim, Jong Im; Shin, Woongghi; Palenik, Brian (2018). "Feeding and grazing impact by the bloom-forming euglenophyte Eutreptiella eupharyngea on marine eubacteria and cyanobacteria". Harmful Algae. 73: 98–109. Bibcode:2018HAlga..73...98Y. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.02.003 . PMID   29602510.
  6. ↑ Xu, Na; Pang, Shaojun; Shan, Tifeng; Liu, Feng; Zhao, Xiaobo; Gao, Suqin (2012). "Molecular identification and culture trials of Eutreptiella gymnastica (Eutreptiales, Euglenophyceae)". Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 30 (3): 446–455. Bibcode:2012ChJOL..30..446X. doi:10.1007/s00343-012-1111-1.
  7. ↑ Kostygov, Alexei Y.; Karnkowska, Anna; Votýpka, Jan; Tashyreva, Daria; Maciszewski, Kacper; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Lukeš, Julius (2021). "Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses". Open Biology. 11 (3): 200407. doi:10.1098/rsob.200407. PMC   8061765 . PMID   33715388.


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