Eriophyllum lanatum

Eriophyllum lanatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Eriophyllum
Species:	E. lanatum
Binomial name
Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes
Synonyms [1] [2]
Synonymy Actinella lanataPursh 1813 Actinea lanata(Pursh) Steud. Bahia lanata(Pursh) DC. Helenium lanatum(Pursh) Spreng. Trichophyllum lanatum(Pursh) Nutt. Eriophyllum caespitosumDouglas ex Lindl. Eriophyllum harfordiiRydb. Eriophyllum pedunculatumA.Heller Eriophyllum superbumRydb. Bahia achillioidesDC., syn of var. achillioides Eriophyllum achilleoides(DC.) Greene, syn of var. achillioides Eriophyllum greeneiElmer, syn of var. achillioides Eriophyllum idoneumJeps., syn of var. achillioides Eriophyllum ternatumGreene, syn of var. achillioides Bahia arachnoideaFisch. & Avé-Lall., syn of var. arachnoideum Bahia latifoliaLindl. 1853 not Benth. 1844, syn of var. arachnoideum Bahia trolliifolia(Lag.) DC., syn of var. arachnoideum Eriophyllum arachnoideum(Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Greene, syn of var. arachnoideum Eriophyllum trolliifoliumLag., syn of var. arachnoideum Eriophyllum croceumGreene, syn of var. croceum Egletes californicaKellogg, syn of var. grandiflorum Eriophyllum grandiflorum(A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum Eriophyllum speciosumGreene, syn of var. grandiflorum Bahia cuneataKellogg, syn of var. integrifolium Bahia gracilisHook. & Arn., syn of var. integrifolium Bahia integrifolia(Hook.) DC., syn of var. integrifolium Bahia leucophyllaD.C.Eaton 1871 not DC. 1836, syn of var. integrifolium Bahia multiflora(Nutt.) Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum bolanderiRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum chrysanthumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum cinerariaRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum cuneatumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum gracile(Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum integrifolium(Hook.) Greene, syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum lutescensRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum monoenseRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum multiflorum(Nutt.) Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum nevadenseGand., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum trichocarpumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum watsoniiA.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium Trichophyllum integrifoliumHook., syn of var. integrifolium Trichophyllum multiflorumNutt., syn of var. integrifolium Eriophyllum lanceolatumHowell, syn of var. lanceolatum Eriophyllum rixfordiiEastw., syn of var. lanceolatum Eriophyllum leucophyllum(DC.) Howell, syn of var. leucophyllum Eriophyllum brachylepisRydb., syn of var. obovatum Eriophyllum obovatumGreene, syn of var. obovatum

Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow, ^[3] is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae. ^{[4] [5] [2]}

Description

Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 in) long, ^[3] linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems. ^[2] The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface. ^{[2] [3]}

The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about 5 cm (2 in) wide. ^[3] Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow, ^[3] with one flower head on each flowering stalk. ^{[2] [6]} The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers. ^[7] They bloom from May to August. ^{[4] [5]} The seeds have scales at the tip. ^[3]

• 
  Shrub prior to bloom
• 
  Leaves
• 
  Flowers in bloom
• 
  Flower close-up
• 
  Side view of flower

Taxonomy

The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806.^{[ citation needed ]} Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813. ^[8]

The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum .

Varieties

Varieties include: ^{[2] [4] [6]}

• Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillioides(DC.) Jeps. — California, Nevada, Oregon. ^[9]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum(Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Jeps. — Spiderweb sunflower; endemic to the California Coast Ranges from Del Norte County to Monterey County in California. ^[10]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum(Greene) Jeps. — Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the Sierra Nevada in California. ^[11]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum(A.Gray) Jeps. — Large flowered woolly sunflower; northern California, Oregon. ^[12]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii Constance — Fort Tejon woolly sunflower, Hall's woolly sunflower; endemic to the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, and Sierra Madre Mountains in Santa Barbara County, in southern California. ^[13]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium(Hook.) Smiley — Oregon sunshine; California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. ^[14]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanatum — Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum(Howell) Jeps. — endemic to the Klamath Mountains, in NW California and SW Oregon. ^[15]
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum(DC.) W.R.Carter — British Columbia, Oregon, Washington.
• Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum(Greene) H.M.Hall — Southern Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the western Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains in California. ^[16]

Distribution and habitat

Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California, ^[4] also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah. ^{[4] [17]} This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there. ^[18]

It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats. ^[4] It commonly grows in dry, open places ^[3] below 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs. ^[7]

References

1. The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes
2. Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes
3. Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN   978-0-375-40233-3.
4. University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes
5. Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
6. Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower
7. Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN   0-87842-280-3. OCLC   25708726.
8. Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
9. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides
10. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum
11. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum
12. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum
13. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii
14. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium
15. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum
16. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
17. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
18. Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.

Further reading

• Pink, A. (2004). Gardening for the Million. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

External links

• Calflora Database: Eriophyllum lanatum (Common woolly sunflower, Wooly sunflower)
• Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Eriophyllum lanatum
• USDA Plants Profile for Eriophyllum lanatum (common woolly sunflower)
• U.C. Calphotos gallery: Eriophyllum lanatum images
• Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest: Eriophyllum lanatum — photos, description, Northwest distribution map.
• Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas: Eriophyllum lanatum