Eriophyllum lanatum

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Eriophyllum lanatum
Eriophyllum lanatum 3575.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Eriophyllum
Species:
E. lanatum
Binomial name
Eriophyllum lanatum
Synonyms [1] [2]
Synonymy
  • Actinella lanataPursh 1813
  • Actinea lanata(Pursh) Steud.
  • Bahia lanata(Pursh) DC.
  • Helenium lanatum(Pursh) Spreng.
  • Trichophyllum lanatum(Pursh) Nutt.
  • Eriophyllum caespitosumDouglas ex Lindl.
  • Eriophyllum harfordiiRydb.
  • Eriophyllum pedunculatumA.Heller
  • Eriophyllum superbumRydb.
  • Bahia achillioidesDC., syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum achilleoides(DC.) Greene, syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum greeneiElmer, syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum idoneumJeps., syn of var. achillioides
  • Eriophyllum ternatumGreene, syn of var. achillioides
  • Bahia arachnoideaFisch. & Avé-Lall., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Bahia latifoliaLindl. 1853 not Benth. 1844, syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Bahia trolliifolia(Lag.) DC., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum arachnoideum(Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Greene, syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum trolliifoliumLag., syn of var. arachnoideum
  • Eriophyllum croceumGreene, syn of var. croceum
  • Egletes californicaKellogg, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Eriophyllum grandiflorum(A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Eriophyllum speciosumGreene, syn of var. grandiflorum
  • Bahia cuneataKellogg, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia gracilisHook. & Arn., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia integrifolia(Hook.) DC., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia leucophyllaD.C.Eaton 1871 not DC. 1836, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Bahia multiflora(Nutt.) Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum bolanderiRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum chrysanthumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum cinerariaRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum cuneatumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum gracile(Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum integrifolium(Hook.) Greene, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum lutescensRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum monoenseRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum multiflorum(Nutt.) Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum nevadenseGand., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum trichocarpumRydb., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum watsoniiA.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
  • Trichophyllum integrifoliumHook., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Trichophyllum multiflorumNutt., syn of var. integrifolium
  • Eriophyllum lanceolatumHowell, syn of var. lanceolatum
  • Eriophyllum rixfordiiEastw., syn of var. lanceolatum
  • Eriophyllum leucophyllum(DC.) Howell, syn of var. leucophyllum
  • Eriophyllum brachylepisRydb., syn of var. obovatum
  • Eriophyllum obovatumGreene, syn of var. obovatum

Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow, [3] is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae. [4] [5] [2]

Contents

Description

Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 in) long, [3] linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems. [2] The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface. [2] [3]

The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about 5 cm (2 in) wide. [3] Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow, [3] with one flower head on each flowering stalk. [2] [6] The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers. [7] They bloom from May to August. [4] [5] The seeds have scales at the tip. [3]

Taxonomy

The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806.[ citation needed ] Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813. [8]

The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum .

Varieties

Varieties include: [2] [4] [6]

Distribution and habitat

Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California, [4] also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah. [4] [17] This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there. [18]

It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats. [4] It commonly grows in dry, open places [3] below 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eriophyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eriophyllum, commonly known as the woolly sunflower, is a North American genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus is native to western North America, with a concentration of narrow endemics in California.

<i>Eriophyllum lanosum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum lanosum, the white woolly daisy or white easterbonnets, is a spring wildflower in the family Asteraceae. It grows in the eastern Mojave Desert and the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

<i>Lewisia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Lewisia is a plant genus, named for the American explorer Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) who encountered the species in 1806. The native habitat of Lewisia species is rocky ground and cliffs in western North America. Native Americans ate the roots, which have also been used to treat sore throats.

<i>Ericameria nauseosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Ericameria nauseosa, commonly known as chamisa, rubber rabbitbrush, and gray rabbitbrush, is a shrub in the sunflower family (Aster) found in the arid regions of western North America.

<i>Ribes menziesii</i> Species of flowering plant

Ribes menziesii, the canyon gooseberry, is a species of currant found only in California and Oregon. There are five to six varieties of the species found across the low elevation mountains of California, especially the Coast Ranges, and the coastal canyons and foothills, into southern Oregon. It can be found in the chaparral plant community.

<i>Eriophyllum wallacei</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum wallacei is a North American flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names woolly daisy and woolly easterbonnets. It grows in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It may grow in clumps or on short erect stems in sand, rocks, and gravel.

<i>Eriophyllum confertiflorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum confertiflorum, commonly called golden yarrow or yellow yarrow, is a North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae, native to California and Baja California. It has wooly leaves when young, and yellow flower heads. "Eriophyllum" means "wooly leaved."

<i>Eriophyllum multicaule</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum multicaule is a North American flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name manystem woolly sunflower. It is native to California and Arizona in the southwestern United States.

<i>Eriophyllum staechadifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum staechadifolium is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae which is known by the common name seaside woolly sunflower. It is native to the coastline of Oregon and California including the Channel Islands. This is a plant of the beaches, dunes, and coastal scrub.

<i>Astragalus purshii</i> Species of legume

Astragalus purshii is a species of milkvetch known by the common names woollypod milkvetch and Pursh's milkvetch.

<i>Calochortus elegans</i> Species of flowering plant

Calochortus elegans is a species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common name elegant Mariposa lily, cat's ear, elegant cat's ears or star tulip. It is native to the western United States from northern California to Montana.

<i>Eriophyllum mohavense</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum mohavense, also known as the Mojave woolly sunflower or the Barstow woolly sunflower, is a rare species of small annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, found only (endemic) in the Mojave Desert of California.

<i>Enceliopsis nudicaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

Enceliopsis nudicaulis is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name nakedstem sunray, or naked-stemmed daisy.

Eriophyllum ambiguum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name beautiful woolly sunflower. It is native to the deserts and adjacent hills of southern and eastern California, northwestern Arizona, and southern Nevada.

Eriophyllum jepsonii is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Jepson's woolly sunflower. It is endemic to California, where it has been found in the Central Coast Ranges and adjacent hills from Contra Costa County to Ventura County.

<i>Constancea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Constancea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae containing the single species Constancea nevinii, which is known by the common name Nevin's woolly sunflower. It is endemic to three of the Channel Islands of California, where it grows in coastal scrub habitat. This is a small shrub or subshrub generally growing up to one or 1.5 meters tall, and taller when an erect form, with a branching, woolly stem. The whitish, woolly oval leaves may be up to 20 centimeters long and are divided into many narrow lobes with edges curled under. The inflorescence is a cluster of 10 to 50 or more small flower heads, each on a short peduncle. The flower head has a center of hairy, glandular, star-shaped yellow disc florets and a fringe of four to nine yellow ray florets, each about 2 millimeters long. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with a small pappus at the tip.

<i>Eriophyllum nubigenum</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum nubigenum, the Yosemite woolly sunflower, is an uncommon flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the Sierra Nevada in and around Yosemite National Park.

<i>Eriophyllum pringlei</i> Species of flowering plant

Eriophyllum pringlei is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Pringle's woolly sunflower. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in several types of desert, canyon, and hillside habitat, such as chaparral and sagebrush.

<i>Dieteria canescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Dieteria canescens is an annual plant or short lived perennial plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names hoary tansyaster and hoary-aster.

<i>Ribes viscosissimum</i> Species of currant

Ribes viscosissimum, also known as sticky currant, is a species of eudicot in the family Grossulariaceae. The species is native to North America. Pacific Northwest, Columbia Plateau, Great Plains, Great Basin, and southwest regions of western North America are native to this plant.

References

  1. The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN   978-0-375-40233-3.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes
  5. 1 2 Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
  6. 1 2 Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower
  7. 1 2 Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN   0-87842-280-3. OCLC   25708726.
  8. Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
  9. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides
  10. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum
  11. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum
  12. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum
  13. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii
  14. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium
  15. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum
  16. Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
  17. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  18. Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.

Further reading