Ethmostigmus

Ethmostigmus
E. rubripes photographed in Queensland, Australia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Myriapoda
Class:	Chilopoda
Order:	Scolopendromorpha
Family:	Scolopendridae
Subfamily:	Otostigminae
Genus:	Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 [1]
Type species
E. trigonopodus (Leach, 1817) [1]
Species
21, see text
Synonyms [1]
Dacetum C.L. Koch, 1847 Heterostoma Newport, 1844

Ethmostigmus is a genus of centipedes in the family Scolopendridae found in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that is characterised by its large, rounded spiracles. ^{[2] [3]}

Distribution and habitat

This genus is widely distributed, with its members being found in tropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, Asia (particularly Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent), and Oceania (particularly Australia, Melanesia, and Polynesia). ^{[2] [3]}

Species

This genus includes the following species: ^{[1] [4]}

• Ethmostigmus agasthyamalaiensis Joshi & Edgecombe 2018 – India (Kerala)
• Ethmostigmus albidus (Tömösváry, 1885) – Singapore
• Ethmostigmus californicus Chamberlin, 1958
• Ethmostigmus coonooranus Chamberlin 1920 – India (Tamil Nadu)
• Ethmostigmus curtipes L. E. Koch 1983 – Australia (Western Australia)
• Ethmostigmus granulosus Pocock 1898 – Papua New Guinea
• Ethmostigmus muiri L. E. Koch 1983 – Australia (Western Australia)
• Ethmostigmus nudior L. E. Koch 1983 – Australia (Northern Territory)
• Ethmostigmus pachysoma L. E. Koch 1983 – Australia (Western Australia)
• Ethmostigmus parkeri L. E. Koch 1983 – Australia (Western Australia)
• Ethmostigmus praveeni Joshi & Edgecombe 2018 – India (Karnataka)
• Ethmostigmus pygomegas (Kohlrausch 1878) – Himalaya
• Ethmostigmus relictus Chamberlin 1944 – Indonesia (Western New Guinea)
• Ethmostigmus rubripes (Brandt, 1840) – Asia, Oceania (widespread)

• E. rubripes platycephalus (Newport 1845)
• E. rubripes rubripes (Brandt 1840)
• E. rubripes spinosus (Newport 1845)

• Ethmostigmus rugosus (Haase, 1887) – Indonesia (Halmahera)
• Ethmostigmus sahyadrensis Joshi & Edgecombe 2018 – India (Maharashtra)
• Ethmostigmus trigonopodus (Leach, 1817) (type) – Africa (widespread)

• E. trigonopodus pygomenasoides Lewis, 1992
• E. trigonopodus trigonopodus (Leach, 1817)

• Ethmostigmus tristis (Meinert, 1886) – India (Tamil Nadu)
• Ethmostigmus venenosus (Attems, 1897) – Indonesia (Maluku Province, Sulawesi)
• Ethmostigmus waiainus Chamberlin, 1920 – Solomon Islands

Gallery

• 
  E. rubripes photographed in Queensland, Australia
• 
  E. trignopodus photographed in South Africa
• 
  E. trignopodus, possibly the subspecies E. trignopodus pygmenasoides
• 
  Unidentified Ethmostigmus photographed in Kerala, India.
• 
  E. rubripes from Queensland, Australia with ruler for scale
• 
  E. trigonopodus photographed in Tanzania

References

1. Bonato, Lucio; Chagas Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland M.; Stoev, Pavel; Zapparoli, Marzio (2016). "Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898". ChiloBase 2.0 – A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda).
2. Joshi, Jahnavi; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2018). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the centipede genus Ethmostigmus Pocock (Chilopoda : Scolopendromorpha) from peninsular India". Invertebrate Systematics. 32 (6). CSIRO Publishing: 1316–1335. doi:10.1071/is18030. S2CID   92607969.
3. Koch, Lucien E. (1983). "A Taxonomic Study of the Centipede Genus Ethmostigmus Pocock (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae: Otostigminae) in Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology . 31 (5). CSIRO Publishing: 835–849. doi:10.1071/ZO9830835.
4. "Ethmostigmus". The Encyclopedia of Life .