Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)

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During the 2001 election, the BC Liberals also campaigned on a promise to hold a consultative referendum seeking a mandate from the general public to negotiate treaties with First Nations. In the spring of 2002, the government held the referendum. [26]

The referendum, led by attorney general Geoff Plant, proposed eight questions that voters were asked to either support or oppose. Critics claimed the phrasing was flawed or biased toward a predetermined response. While some critics, especially First Nations and religious groups, called for a boycott of the referendum, by the May 15 deadline almost 800,000 British Columbians had cast their ballots. Critics called for a boycott of the referendum and First Nations groups collected as many ballots as possible so that they might be destroyed publicly. [27] [28]

Of the ballots that were returned, over 80 per cent of participating voters agreed to all eight proposed principles. [29] Treaty negotiations resumed. [30]

In the lead-up to the 2005 election, Campbell discussed opening up a New Relationship with Aboriginal People. [31] This position was directly opposite to his view of aboriginal treaties pursued in the 2000 Nisga'a Final Treaty court case, discussed above. The "New Relationship" became the foundation for agreements in principle that were made during the second term, [32] but ultimately rejected by the membership of the First Nations involved.

Health care

In 2004, Campbell imposed an unprecedented 15% pay cut to health care employees. [33] Early in its first term, without consulting labour unions, [34] his government passed legislation (Bill 29, the Health and Social Services Delivery Improvement Act) [35] that unilaterally amended labour agreements and required health authorities to contract out positions when savings could be predicted. This led to the privatization of more than 8,000 healthcare jobs. [36] [37] [38] These changes met resistance from many health care workers and resulted in a strike by some of them. A court order and amendments by the government to parts of the legislation ended the strike. [39] The unions took the issue to the Supreme Court of Canada, which ruled in 2007 that the Act violated "good faith" requirements for collective bargaining. [36]

The Campbell government increased health funding by $3 billion during its first term in office to help meet the demand at hand and to increase wages for some health professionals. [40] As well, they increased the number of new nurse training spaces by 2,500, an increase of 62 percent. [41] At the same time, it nearly doubled the doctors in training and opened new medical training facilities in Victoria and Prince George. [42]

Wage rates for doctors and nurses increased in the Campbell government's first term. Nurses received a 23.5 percent raise while doctors received a 20.6 percent raise after arbitration. [43] [44] Doctors had threatened to go on strike because of the original Campbell plan to slash their fees, which was seen as a breach of contract, with the dispute being sent to arbitration.

Impaired driving

In January 2003, after visiting broadcaster Fred Latremouille, Campbell was arrested and pleaded no contest for driving under the influence of alcohol while vacationing in Hawaii. According to court records, Campbell's blood-alcohol level was more than twice the legal limit. In Hawaii, drunk driving is only a misdemeanour, whereas in Canada it is a Criminal Code offence. As is customary in the United States, Campbell's mugshot was provided to the media by Hawaii police. The image has proved to be a lasting personal embarrassment, frequently used by detractors and opponents. Campbell was fined $913 (US) and the court ordered him to take part in a substance abuse program, and to be assessed for alcoholism. [45]

A national anti-drinking and driving group, Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Canada called for Campbell to resign. [46] Campbell refused.

Minimum wage

On November 1, 2001, the Campbell BC Liberals honoured the previous NDP government's legislation to increase the minimum wage to $8.00 per hour from $7.60, while at the same time authority was given so new entrants into the labour force could be paid $6 per hour, 25% lower than the minimum wage. In 2010, British Columbia had the lowest minimum wage amongst the 13 provinces and territories. [47] Campbell's successor, Christy Clark, announced that the minimum wage would increase in three stages to begin on May 1, 2011. [48] [49]

2010 Winter Olympics

British Columbia won the right to host the 2010 Winter Olympics on July 2, 2003. This was a joint Winter Olympics bid by Vancouver and the ski resort of Whistler. [50] Campbell attended the final presentations in Prague, the Czech Republic. [51]

On February 12, 2010, Campbell was in attendance at the opening ceremony for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver [52] and attended events during the games and was present at the closing ceremony. [53]

On April 23, 2010, Campbell received the Olympic Order from the Canadian Olympic Committee for being a dedicated proponent of the Olympic Movement. [54]

Second term

In the May 17, 2005, election, Campbell and the BC Liberals won a second majority government with a reduced majority. [55]

Economy

430,000 new jobs had been created in B.C. since December 2001, [56] the best job creation record in Canada at the time. [57] In 2007, the economy created 70,800 more jobs, almost all full-time positions. [56] By Spring 2007, unemployment had fallen to 4.0%, the lowest rate in 30 years. However, 40,300 jobs were lost in 2008, mostly in December (35,100), and the unemployment rates sat at 7.8% as of July 2009, [58] the same level they were at in July 2001. [59]

Education

On October 7, 2005, following the successive imposition of contracts on BC teachers, British Columbia's teachers began an indefinite walk-out. Campbell having made striking illegal for teachers, educators referred to this as an act of civil disobedience. Despite fines and contempt charges, the teachers' walk-out lasted two weeks, and threatened to culminate in a general strike across the province. [60]

Environmental

In 2008, Premier Campbell's government developed and entrenched in law the Climate Action Plan. [61] The Plan is claimed by the government to be one of the most progressive plans to address greenhouse gas emissions in North America, due in part to the revenue-neutral carbon tax. [62]

Gordon Campbell told Tim Flannery that he introduced the carbon tax in British Columbia after reading his book The Weather Makers (2005). [63]

First Nations

The Campbell government attempted to negotiate treaties with a number of First Nations in its second term. Final agreements in principle were signed with the Tsawwassen First Nation, [64] Maa-nulth Treaty Society, [65] and Lheidli T’enneh First Nations. [66] The Tsawwassen Treaty was passed by the band's membership in a heavily contested and divisive referendum but came into effect on April 3, 2009. [67]

The Maa-nulth Treaty, which covers a group of Nuu-chah-nulth band governments, is pending ratification by the federal government [68] while the Lheidli-T'enneh Treaty was rejected in the referendum held by that band.

Health care

The Campbell government launched the Conversation on Health, a province-wide consultation with British Columbians on their health care to lay the groundwork for changes to the principles of the Canada Health Act that were presented in the Fall of 2007. [69]

Third term

Campbell in 2010 Gordon Campbell 2010.jpg
Campbell in 2010

His government were re-elected in the May 12, 2009, election. Their share of total seats remained almost unchanged, as they won 49 seats in a new expanded 85-seat legislature. [70]

BC Rail e-mail controversy

Some five years after the BC Legislature Raids, controversy arose when it was revealed that e-mails among Campbell, his staff, and other cabinet ministers may not have been deleted years ago as first claimed. [71] An affidavit filed by Rosemarie Hayes, the B.C. government's manager in charge of information services, suggested that copies of the e-mails may have existed as recently as May 2009, but it was ordered that they be destroyed at that time. [72] [73]

On July 20, 2009, the Supreme Court of British Columbia judge conducting the Basi-Virk trial, Madam Justice Elizabeth Bennett, ordered Campbell and other top officials to turn over their e-mail records to the court by August 17. [74] These were never located nor surrendered to the Court.

HST controversy

On July 23, 2009, Campbell announced British Columbia would move towards a Harmonized Sales Tax, or HST. [75] The new 12% sales tax would combine and replace the previous 5% Goods and Services Tax and 7% Provincial Sales Tax. The announcement was met with strong opposition from political opponents, [76] news media, [77] and opposition from most members of the public. [78] [79] However, the proposed tax received a positive reaction from the business community, strong supporters of the BC Liberals. [80] [81] Much of the opposition stemmed from Campbell's perceived dishonesty about the HST as his government had said it was not on their radar prior to the election despite leaked emails revealing it was, and that it equated to a tax hike for several sectors. [82]

On August 24, representatives from the retail, resource, and film industries held a news conference to speak out in favour of harmonizing BC's sales taxes. [83] In addition, sales tax harmonization has been hailed by the C.D. Howe Institute, a think tank, as being "crucial for B.C to maintain its economic competitiveness." [84] David Docherty, a political science professor at Wilfrid Laurier University, noted that anti-HST sentiment was evident in left-wing populist groups who viewed it as "regressive" and those on the right who "hate all taxes". [85] Polls consistently showed ...opposition to the HST in BC at "82 to 85 percent". "Shortly after the HST announcement, Ipsos Reid reported 85 percent opposition in British Columbia, dropping only slightly to 82 percent a few months later." [86]

On June 11, 2010, Blair Lekstrom resigned as BC's Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, saying he was leaving both the cabinet and the caucus over a fundamental disagreement with the BC Liberals on the harmonized sales tax. [87] He told The Canadian Press: "It was a tough decision but it had to be made. Fundamentally, the HST is it. The people I represent say  ... we want you to put the brakes on the HST." His constituency bordered on Alberta, which had no provincial sales tax and businesses were concerned they would lose sales. [85]

A freedom of information request came to light on September 1, 2010, revealing that the BC Liberals had formed HST-related plans prior to the 2009 election—contrary to their statements on the subject. [88]

Resignation

On November 3, 2010, Campbell made a televised address to the public announcing his intention to resign as Premier of British Columbia. The announcement was made after months of strong political opposition to the implementation of the HST, [89] which saw Campbell's approval rating fall to only 9%, according to an Angus Reid poll, [90] and led to rumours that he has lost support of some members of his cabinet. [91] Another factor in his resignation was the ongoing BC Rail Scandal trial in which the Premier and other members of his cabinet and staff were due to face embarrassing cross-examination in relation to the Basi-Virk trial, which was called to a halt with plea bargain around the same time. [92] On December 5, 2010, while answering questions from reporters, he "hinted strongly" that he will not stay on as an MLA after his successor as Liberal leader is chosen in February, according to Rod Mickleburgh of The Globe and Mail . [93] Campbell resigned as premier on March 14, 2011; he was succeeded by Christy Clark. [94]

High Commissioner to the UK

Campbell meeting with First Minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond in Edinburgh, September 2011 First Minister meets Canadian High Commissioner (6195318448) (cropped).jpg
Campbell meeting with First Minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond in Edinburgh, September 2011
Campbell meeting Rosemary Butler, the Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, Wales. Rosemary Butler AM meets Mr. Gordon M. Campbell, High Commissioner for Canada.jpg
Campbell meeting Rosemary Butler, the Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, Wales.

In late June 2011 it was reported that Campbell was to be named Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. [95] On August 15, 2011, Campbell was formally announced to succeed the post. On September 15, 2011, Campbell officially became the Canadian High Commissioner in London. He represented Canadian interests throughout Britain until his term ended in 2016.

Campbell was shortlisted for the Grassroot Diplomat Initiative Award in 2015 for his work on business partnership as the High Commissioner of Canada, and he remains in the directory of the Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who publication. [96]

In January 2019, a former High Commission employee, Judith Prins, filed a sexual assault complaint with the Metropolitan Police alleging that Campbell groped her in 2013. A spokesperson for Campbell denied the allegation, saying the complaint was investigated and dismissed at the time. [97] In September 2020, details emerged of a civil suit filed by Prins naming Campbell and the Government of Canada as defendants. She is seeking damages for anxiety, stress and lost income. Campbell responded to this news saying: "This has been settled once before, more than five years ago now. It was dealt with fully." [98]

Honours

On September 2, 2011, it was announced that Campbell would receive the Order of British Columbia, [99] the second Premier to be a recipient. [100] Some believed his nomination contravened the legislation that prevented an elected official from being appointed while holding office. However, on September 7, 2011, Lance S. G. Finch, the Chief Justice of British Columbia and chair of the Order of BC Advisory Council declared that although his nomination package was received on March 10, 2011 (four days before his resignation as Premier), Campbell was appointed to the Order on September 2, 2011 at which time he was not an elected MLA. [101]

In 2014, Thompson Rivers University gave Campbell the Honorary degree of Doctor of Laws for his contributions to the founding of their newly opened law school. [102] [103]

He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002 [104] and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. [105]

Election results (partial)

Gordon Campbell
OC OBC
First Minister meets Canadian High Commissioner (6195318448) (cropped) (cropped).jpg
Campbell in 2011
Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
In office
September 15, 2011 –July 19, 2016
2009 British Columbia general election : Vancouver-Point Grey
PartyCandidateVotes%Expenditures
Liberal Gordon Campbell 11,54650.38$154,282
New Democratic Mel Lehan9,23240.28$128,634
Green Stephen Kronstein2,0128.78$1,405
Sex John Ince 1300.56$250
Total valid votes22,920100
Total rejected ballots1340.58
Turnout23,05455.98

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Political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition In British Columbia
1994–2001		Succeeded by
Preceded byas 33rd Premier of British Columbia Order of precedence in British Columbia
as of 2017		Succeeded byas 35th Premier of British Columbia


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