Grimsby, Ontario

Last updated
Grimsby
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Grimsby
Grimsby, Ontario panorama.jpg
Town of Grimsby.png
Coat of arms
Niagara locator map 2021.svg
Red pog.svg
Grimsby
Canada Southern Ontario location map 2.png
Red pog.svg
Grimsby
Coordinates: 43°12′N79°33′W / 43.200°N 79.550°W / 43.200; -79.550
Country Canada
Province Ontario
Regional Municipality Flag of the Regional Municipality of Niagara.svg Niagara
Settled1790
Government
 • TypeTown
 • MayorJeff A. Jordan
 • Governing BodyTown of Grimsby Council
 •  MP Dean Allison  (CPC)
 •  MPP Sam Oosterhoff  (PC)
Area
[1]
 • Land68.71 km2 (26.53 sq mi)
Population
 (2021) [1]
 • Total28,883
 • Density420.4/km2 (1,089/sq mi)
Time zone UTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
Forward Sortation Area
L3M
Area code(s) 905/289/365
Highways Ontario QEW crown.svg  Queen Elizabeth Way
Website www.grimsby.ca

Grimsby is a town on Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Grimsby is at the eastern end of the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. [2] It is named after the English fishing town of Grimsby in north-east Lincolnshire. The majority of residents reside in the area bounded by Lake Ontario and the Niagara Escarpment, home to a section of the Bruce Trail. [3]

Contents

Grimsby has experienced significant growth over the past two decades due to its position between Hamilton and St. Catharines. Growth is limited by the natural boundaries of Lake Ontario and the Niagara Escarpment. Some residents feel development is detrimental to the town as orchards close to the town centre are used for residential development; however, most of the orchards in Grimsby were replaced by houses between the 1950s and 1980s, and very few orchards remain. [4]

According to a late 2019 report, the town has 33 small parks, 17 larger and "many more green spaces, sport fields, parkettes, trails, and facilities". [5] [6] Some notable attractions in Grimsby are the Grimsby Museum, [7] the Grimsby Public Library, [8] the Grimsby Public Art Gallery, [9] the West Niagara YMCA, the Danish Church, and the hockey arena (Peach King Centre), home of the Grimsby Peach Kings.

History

Nelles Manor, completed in 1798 2021 Manor front cropped webpage size.jpg
Nelles Manor, completed in 1798

A group of United Empire Loyalists from Great Britain settled on the land (originally named Township Number 6 and then 'The Forty'), and founded Grimsby in 1790. Robert Nelles, a politician and later lieutenant-colonel in the War of 1812, was one of the town's founders. His home on Main Street West was used for many planning sessions during the war. In 1816, the settlement became known as Grimsby, the name of the surrounding township, in memory of the seaport town of Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire, England. [5]

The Village of Grimsby was officially incorporated in 1876 and became a town in 1922. The community has gone through many changes, from being a small rural village to a centre for the manufacture of farm machinery, hospital furniture, furnaces and other metal products; and later the hub of the Niagara Peninsula's fruit-growing industry. Grimsby also had a successful fishing industry which lasted until the 1960s. The Town of Grimsby and the Township of North Grimsby were amalgamated in 1970 with the formation of the Regional Municipality of Niagara. With a number of wineries and distilleries, Grimsby now serves as the starting point for touring the Niagara wine region.

Two of the remaining cottages in the Grimsby Park area Grimsby Ontario cottages that originated with the Methodist Camp.jpg
Two of the remaining cottages in the Grimsby Park area

Canada's first Chautauqua-like organization (a Methodist camp) was established in 1859 in Grimsby Park on land donated by J.B. Bowslaugh; colourful cottages were later built, and some visitors spent entire summers in the area. Two hotels and a temple were also built. Over 50,000 visited in 1884, but by 1900, interest had declined. By 1909, the Grimsby Park Company was bankrupt, and the property was sold for use as an amusement park. The temple and hotels were destroyed in the 1920s. In 1910, the amusement park's first owner, Harry Wylie, added carousels, a motion picture theatre, and a roller coaster. Canada Steamship Lines bought out the business in 1916, but the park declined through the 1920s, mainly due to multiple fires that consumed many of the wooden buildings. The operation had ceased by 1950, and the land was sold to developers who built cottages. [10] Many of the colourful cottages were destroyed by fire or demolished over the years. [11] [12] As of 2019, Grimsby Pier, where ferries and steamships had once docked, was in a state of disrepair; the mayor said he hoped that it could be restored. [13]

In 2011, Grimsby was struck by an F0 Tornado. [14]

Grimsby is also the birthplace of a Hollywood director, Del Lord. He rose to acclaim as the director of most of the Three Stooges short vaudeville comedies. Later, under Columbia Pictures, he also directed nearly 200 feature films. [15]

Local government

Grimsby Welcome Sign Welcome To Grimsby Sign.JPG
Grimsby Welcome Sign
Nelles-Fitch House, c. 1791 Nelles-fitch-house.jpg
Nelles-Fitch House, c. 1791
Nelles merchant shop, c. 1800 Nelles-merchant-shop.jpg
Nelles merchant shop, c. 1800
Grimsby old stone shop, c. 1800 Grimsbystoneshop.jpg
Grimsby old stone shop, c. 1800
Aerial view of Grimsby Niagara-Escarpment-Winter-IMG 0626.JPG
Aerial view of Grimsby
The former Grimsby Public Library Grimsby Ontario Public Library.JPG
The former Grimsby Public Library

Grimsby Town Council is composed of a mayor and eight councillors who serve for a term of four years. The mayor is elected at large, and the councillors are elected by ward. The town is divided into four wards, with two councillors elected in each ward. It is the role of the council to represent the public and to consider the well-being and interests of the municipality; to develop and evaluate policies and programs; to determine which services the municipality provides; to ensure administrative practices and procedures are in place to implement the decisions of council; and to maintain the financial integrity of the municipality. The council generally meets on the first and third Mondays of each month. All meetings are open to the public and are also televised live on the local Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel. [16]

The current council (2018-2022 term) was sworn in on December 3, 2018, with the following members:

Mayor
Town council members Ward 1
Town council members Ward 2
Town council members Ward 3
Town council members Ward 4

Source: [18]

The Regional Municipality of Niagara is an upper-tier municipality that encompasses all municipalities in Niagara Region. On Niagara Regional Council, Grimsby is represented by the mayor and by an elected regional councillor, currently Michelle Seaborn. [19]

Standing committees

Council has appointed four standing committees as follows: [20]

Transportation

Bisecting the town is the Queen Elizabeth Way, one of the 400-series highways. It has three interchanges in the town, with Casablanca Boulevard in the west, a central interchange for three roads (Christie Street, Ontario Street, and Maple Avenue), and Bartlett Avenue in the east.

The Grimsby station, on the south side of the railway tracks west of Ontario Street and south of Queen Elizabeth Way, is served by the Maple Leaf train jointly operated by Via Rail and Amtrak. A GO Transit train station is planned for operation on the Lakeshore West line, was expected to open in 2021 as part of the Lakeshore West Line, and was halted as of late 2018. [21] Of three sites for the Grimsby GO Station evaluated by Metrolinx, the Crown agency that operates GO Transit, the preferred site for the proposed station is west of and adjacent to Casablanca Boulevard. [13]

In August 2020, Niagara Region Transit launched a two-year pilot to provide on-demand local and regional transit service for Grimsby and other nearby communities. [22] [23]

Grimsby Regional Airport, a private aerodrome for small aircraft, is located about 6 kms south-west of the town centre. [24]

Schools

Secondary schools

Primary schools

Grimsby Public Library

Grimsby Public Library and Art Gallery Grimsby Public Library and Art Gallery.jpg
Grimsby Public Library and Art Gallery

The first library in Grimsby was opened in 1871 in the home of Grimsby councillor Sam Mabey, housing a collection of 1,000 books. [27] Following a recommendation of the town council, the village struck a committee to approach the Andrew Carnegie Foundation to request new funds to build a new library. The foundation allocated $8,000 to build the new library building. [27] In 1975, the library was expanded to include a new building, which inaugurated a Grimsby Public Art Gallery in the basement of the library. A few years later, the Klosso Eloul sculpture 'Double is One' was installed on the grounds. [27] In 2004, a new building was constructed adjacent to the original structure to house both the library and art gallery. The original structure itself contains the Grimsby Archives. [27]

Grimsby Beach

Grimsby beach is home to "Gingerbread Houses" [28] that are painted by owners in bright colours and flourishes for an eye-catching addition to the area.

Demographics

Grimsby Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1871800—    
19011,001+25.1%
19111,669+66.7%
19212,004+20.1%
19312,198+9.7%
19412,331+6.1%
19512,773+19.0%
19615,148+85.6%
197115,770+206.3%
198115,797+0.2%
199118,520+17.2%
2001 21,297+15.0%
2006 23,937+12.4%
2011 25,325+5.8%
2016 27,314+7.9%
2021 28,883+5.7%

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Grimsby had a population of 28,883 living in 11,395 of its 11,626 total private dwellings, a change of

Age characteristics of Grimsby (2016) [30] TotalMaleFemale
Total - All persons27,31513,31514,000
Age 0-144,7502,4852,270
Age 15-6417,3008,4408,860
Age 65-845,2652,3902,870

Notable people

Climate

Grimsby's climate varies throughout the year; 12 °C – 15 °C in the spring, 21 °C – 33 °C in the summer, and 10 °C – 17 °C in the fall. Temperatures in the winter months are around 4 °C to −16 °C, with about 190 cm of snow per year.

Climate data for Grimsby
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)19.4
(66.9)		17.2
(63.0)		26.1
(79.0)		30.6
(87.1)		36.1
(97.0)		36.1
(97.0)		40.6
(105.1)		39.4
(102.9)		37.8
(100.0)		31.7
(89.1)		26.1
(79.0)		21.0
(69.8)		40.6
(105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−1.6
(29.1)		−0.4
(31.3)		4.6
(40.3)		11.6
(52.9)		18.3
(64.9)		24.0
(75.2)		26.8
(80.2)		25.9
(78.6)		21.2
(70.2)		14.7
(58.5)		8.1
(46.6)		2.0
(35.6)		12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)−4.8
(23.4)		−3.9
(25.0)		0.9
(33.6)		7.1
(44.8)		13.1
(55.6)		18.8
(65.8)		21.9
(71.4)		21.2
(70.2)		17.0
(62.6)		10.9
(51.6)		5.1
(41.2)		−1.0
(30.2)		8.9
(48.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−8.2
(17.2)		−7.5
(18.5)		−2.8
(27.0)		2.5
(36.5)		7.7
(45.9)		13.6
(56.5)		17.0
(62.6)		16.5
(61.7)		12.8
(55.0)		7.0
(44.6)		2.0
(35.6)		−4
(25)		4.7
(40.5)
Record low °C (°F)−25
(−13)		−26.1
(−15.0)		−21.7
(−7.1)		−16.1
(3.0)		−2.8
(27.0)		2.2
(36.0)		6.7
(44.1)		4.4
(39.9)		0.0
(32.0)		−7.2
(19.0)		−13.9
(7.0)		−27.2
(−17.0)		−27.2
(−17.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)68.5
(2.70)		60.3
(2.37)		71.5
(2.81)		77.0
(3.03)		69.2
(2.72)		83.0
(3.27)		56.8
(2.24)		86.1
(3.39)		92.2
(3.63)		64.6
(2.54)		68.9
(2.71)		82.1
(3.23)		880.3
(34.66)
Average rainfall mm (inches)22.3
(0.88)		28.8
(1.13)		53.3
(2.10)		70.7
(2.78)		69.2
(2.72)		83.0
(3.27)		56.8
(2.24)		86.1
(3.39)		92.2
(3.63)		64.0
(2.52)		64.5
(2.54)		48.3
(1.90)		739.2
(29.10)
Average snowfall cm (inches)46.2
(18.2)		32.1
(12.6)		18.2
(7.2)		6.3
(2.5)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0.6
(0.2)		4.4
(1.7)		33.8
(13.3)		141.6
(55.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)1311121211981010111213132
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)448111198101011106102
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)97410000002831
Source: Environment Canada [31]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caledon, Ontario</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Caledon is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The name comes from a shortened form of Caledonia, the Roman name for what is now Scotland. Caledon is primarily rural with a number of hamlets and small villages, but also contains the larger community of Bolton in its southeastern quadrant, adjacent to York Region. Some spillover urbanization also occurs in the south bordering the City of Brampton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Catharines</span> City in Ontario, Canada

St. Catharines is the most populous city in Canada's Niagara Region, the eighth largest urban area in the province of Ontario. As of 2017, St. Catharines has an area of 96.13 square kilometres (37.12 sq mi) and 140,370 residents. It lies in Southern Ontario, 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario, and is 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River. It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal. Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Catharinites. St. Catharines carries the official nickname "The Garden City" due to its 1,000 acres (4 km2) of parks, gardens, and trails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaughan</span> City in Ontario, Canada

Vaughan is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richmond Hill, Ontario</span> City in Ontario, Canada

Richmond Hill is a city in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 27th most populous municipality in Canada. Richmond Hill is situated between the cities of Markham and Vaughan, north of Thornhill, and south of Aurora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitby, Ontario</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Whitby is a town in Durham Region. Whitby is located in Southern Ontario east of Ajax and west of Oshawa, on the north shore of Lake Ontario and is home to the headquarters of Durham Region. It had a population of 138,501 at the 2021 census. It is approximately 45 km (28 mi) east of Toronto, and it is known as a commuter suburb in the Durham Region, a part of the Greater Toronto Area. While the southern portion of Whitby is predominantly urban and an economic hub, the northern part of the municipality is more rural and includes the communities of Ashburn, Brooklin, Myrtle, Myrtle Station, and Macedonian Village.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milton, Ontario</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Milton is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing municipality in Canada, with a 71.4% increase in population from 2001 to 2006 and another 56.5% increase from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Milton's census population was 110,128 with an estimated growth to 228,000 by 2031. It remained the fastest growing community in Ontario but was deemed to be the sixth fastest growing in Canada at that time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorold</span> City in Ontario, Canada

Thorold is a city in Ontario, Canada, located on the Niagara Escarpment. It is also the seat of the Regional Municipality of Niagara. The Welland Canal passes through the city, featuring lock 7 and the Twin Flight Locks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halton Hills</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Halton Hills is a town in the Regional Municipality of Halton, located in the northwestern end of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada with a population of 62,951 (2021).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Gwillimbury</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

East Gwillimbury is a town on the East Holland River in the upper-tier municipality the Regional Municipality of York. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, in Canada. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township. The main centres in East Gwillimbury are the villages of Holland Landing, Queensville, Sharon, and Mount Albert. The Civic Centre are located along Leslie Street in Sharon. The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury, just south of Ravenshoe Road. The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgina, Ontario</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Georgina is a town in south-central Ontario. The northernmost municipality in the Regional Municipality of York, the town is bounded to the north by Lake Simcoe. Although incorporated as a town, it operates as a township in which dispersed communities share a common administrative council. The largest communities are Keswick, Sutton, and Jackson's Point. Smaller communities include Pefferlaw, Port Bolster, Roches Point, Udora, and Willow Beach. The town was formed by the merger of the Village of Sutton, the Township of Georgina, and the Township of North Gwillimbury in 1971 and incorporated in 1986. North Gwillimbury had been part of Georgina but became its own township in 1826. It took its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Essa, Ontario</span> Township in Ontario, Canada

Essa is a township in Ontario, Canada, west and south of the city of Barrie in Simcoe County. It is bounded by County Road 90 to its north, County Road 27 to its east, and Ontario Highway 89 to its south. The township is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Toronto. The township is well known for its agriculture industry, particularly potato farming. Nearby CFB Borden brings a strong military presence to the area as well, including a high number of Francophone families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgian Bay, Ontario</span> Township in Ontario, Canada

The Township of Georgian Bay is an area municipality of the District Municipality of Muskoka, in south-central Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Severn River, where it empties into the eponymous Georgian Bay. The municipal offices are at Port Severn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muskoka Lakes</span> Township in Ontario, Canada

The Township of Muskoka Lakes is a municipality of the District Municipality of Muskoka, Ontario, Canada. It has a year-round population of 7,652.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Dumfries</span> Township in Ontario, Canada

The Township of North Dumfries is a rural township in Ontario, Canada, part of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kincardine, Ontario</span> Municipality in Ontario, Canada

Kincardine is a municipality located on the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County in the province of Ontario, Canada. The current municipality was created in 1999 by the amalgamation of the Town of Kincardine, the Township of Kincardine, and the Township of Bruce.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelham, Ontario</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Pelham is a town located in the centre of Niagara Region in Ontario, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smithville, Ontario</span> Community in Ontario, Canada

Smithville is a community in the township of West Lincoln, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. The former police village is located on Highway 20 between Hamilton and Niagara Falls. Smithville is the largest population centre and governing centre of the township of West Lincoln.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 St. Catharines municipal election</span>

The 2006 St. Catharines municipal election took place on 13 November 2006 to determine a mayor, regional and city councillors and school trustees in the city of St. Catharines, Ontario. The incumbent mayor, Tim Rigby, vacated the mayoral position and ran for election to Niagara Regional Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Niagara Region municipal elections</span>

Elections were held in the Niagara Region of Ontario on October 22, 2018, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Niagara Region municipal elections</span> Canadian local elections

Elections were held in the Niagara Region of Ontario on October 24, 2022, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

References

  1. 1 2 Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Grimsby, Town (T) [Census subdivision], Ontario". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
  2. ↑ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "2011 Census Profile". www12.statcan.ca. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ "Welcome! - Bruce Trail". The Bruce Trail Conservancy. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Grimsby Historical Society". Archived from the original on July 27, 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Grimsby Thinking Ahead". 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan" (PDF). Town of Grimsby. March 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  7. ↑ "Museum". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Grimsby Public Library". Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Art Gallery". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020.
  10. ↑ Brown, Ron (31 May 2010). From Queenston to Kingston: The Hidden Heritage of Lake Ontario's Shoreline. Dundurn. p. 43. ISBN   9781459704787. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  11. ↑ "Grimsby Park and the ghost ship of Jordan Harbour". 4 June 2020.
  12. ↑ "Grimsby's Chautauqua History". 21 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  13. 1 2 "Grimsby Thinking Ahead". 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  14. ↑ "Grimsby, ON F0 Tornado of September 3, 2011". Highways & Hailstones. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  15. ↑ Foster, Charles (5 September 2016). Canadians in Golden Age Hollywood. Dundurn. ISBN   9781459738904. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  16. ↑ "Mayor and Council". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  17. ↑ "About the Mayor". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  18. ↑ "Town Councillors". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Regional Councillors". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Standing Committees". Town of Grimsby. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  21. ↑ LaFleche, Grant (November 30, 2018). "Grimsby GO station plan 'will be stopped'". The Spec. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
  22. ↑ "NRT OnDemand celebrates one year anniversary of service launch" . Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  23. ↑ "NRT OnDemand" . Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Grimsby Regional Airport" . Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Grand Ave Public School". District School Board of Niagara. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  26. ↑ "Lakeview Public School". District School Board of Niagara. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  27. 1 2 3 4 "How it all got started" Archived 2018-11-20 at the Wayback Machine Grimsby Public Library, retrieved on 22 August 2017.
  28. ↑ "History and Heritage". 25 October 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  29. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  30. ↑ "2016 Census Profile: Grimsby, Ontario". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  31. ↑ Environment Canada—Climate Normals for Grimsby 1961-1990 Archived 2012-12-16 at archive.today . Retrieved 18 March 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.