Maple Leaf (train)

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Maple Leaf
Amtrak train in Hamilton, Ontario 2024-04-05.jpg
The Amtrak Maple Leaf passing through Hamilton, Ontario, in April 2024
Overview
Service type Inter-city rail
Locale New York State/Golden Horseshoe region, Ontario
PredecessorOntarian
First serviceApril 26, 1981
Current operator(s) Amtrak (within US)
Via Rail (within Canada)
Annual ridership506,608 (Toronto–Albany, FY24)Increase2.svg 11.9% [a] [1] [b]
Route
Termini Toronto, Ontario
New York City, New York
Distance travelled544 miles (875 km)
Average journey time12 12 hours [c]
Service frequencyDaily
Train number(s)63, 64 (Amtrak)
97, 98 (Via)
On-board services
Class(es) Coach Class
Business Class
Disabled accessAll cars, all stations
Catering facilities Café car
Baggage facilitiesOverhead racks
Technical
Rolling stock Amfleet coaches
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speed44 mph (71 km/h) (avg.)
110 mph (180 km/h) (top)
Track owner(s) Amtrak, MNRR, CSX, CN, Metrolinx

The Maple Leaf is an international passenger train service operated by Amtrak and Via Rail between New York Penn Station in New York City and Union Station in Toronto via Amtrak's Empire Corridor, and the south western part of Via Rail's Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. Daily service is offered in both directions; the 544-mile (875 km) trip takes approximately 12 hours, including two hours for U.S. or Canadian customs and immigration inspection at either Niagara Falls, New York, or Niagara Falls, Ontario. Although the train uses Amtrak rolling stock exclusively, the train is operated by Via Rail crews while in Canada and by Amtrak crews in the United States. Service began in 1981.

Contents

History

The Maple Leaf crosses the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, in 1983. Whirlpool bridge.jpg
The Maple Leaf crosses the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, in 1983.

Amtrak and Via Rail introduced the Maple Leaf along the Hudson River and Erie Canal on April 26, 1981. The Maple Leaf replaced Buffalo–Toronto connecting service operated by Via and the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway, the latter of which discontinued passenger service that day. The new Maple Leaf was the first collaboration between the two companies and the first direct New York–Toronto passenger service in a decade, the last being an overnight TH&B, New York Central, and Canadian Pacific Railway train called The Ontarian (Buffalo–Toronto) that ended in 1967. That earlier train began as the Cleveland Limited westbound, with sleeper passengers having a continuous carriage ride (eastbound riders joined the Ohio State Limited for the Buffalo-New York City leg). [2] [3] By contrast, the modern Maple Leaf was a unified New York City–Toronto train. There was also a New York City–Toronto train named Maple Leaf operated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad from 1937 until 1961, a train which traveled through northern New Jersey, northeast Pennsylvania and central New York.

The new train employed Amtrak's Amfleet coaches with a dinette car. A 1982 consist included a baggage car, two coaches and a dinette; time spent in customs ranged from thirty minutes to two hours. [4] The new route goes through the two Niagara Falls towns on both sides of the border, before going to Aldershot in Burlington, then Toronto. The prior New York Central trains crossed from Buffalo to Ontario south of the Niagara Falls and made five stops in Ontario before reaching Toronto. [5] [6]

An Amtrak crew operates the train in the United States, while a Via Rail crew operates the train in Canada. [7] The crew change takes place in Niagara Falls, Ontario. Because of this need for a crew exchange, the Maple Leaf was led by some of the last EMD F40PH locomotives in Amtrak revenue service. While most Amtrak routes outside the Northeast Corridor had switched to the GE Genesis by 2000, it had not been added to the Maple Leaf owing to the Via Rail crews' unfamiliarity with the unit. The Maple Leaf retained the F40PH until Via received its own Genesis locomotives in 2002. [8] :107

The Maple Leaf is one of four New York Amtrak routes that are primarily state-funded with the others being the Adirondack , Empire Service , and Ethan Allen Express . Primary funding for these routes is from the New York State Department of Transportation rather than federal funding.

In 2013, the Maple Leaf was the target of a failed terror plot involving an attempt by two men, both permanent residents of Canada, who sought to derail the train as it crossed a bridge over the Twenty Mile Creek near Jordan, Ontario. The two men were allegedly affiliates of an Al-Qaeda group operating out of Iran. [9] [10] [11]

In March 2020, the Maple Leaf was truncated to Niagara Falls, New York after all non-essential travel across the Canada–United States border was banned in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. [12] [13] Via did not provide alternate service on the Canadian side of the border. International service resumed on June 27, 2022. [14] The Adirondack and Maple Leaf was combined between New York and Albany–Rensselaer beginning November 10, 2024, due to construction work in the East River Tunnels limiting capacity at Penn Station. [15] This was reversed effective December 2, 2024, through at least March 2025. [16]

Operation

Equipment

Amtrak locomotive #106 pushing its train east through Toronto's Mimico GO Station. Amtrak Locomotive 106 at Mimico GO Station.jpg
Amtrak locomotive #106 pushing its train east through Toronto's Mimico GO Station.

Most Maple Leaf trains consist of five or six cars hauled by a locomotive. [17]

The passenger cars are the Amfleet series built by the Budd Company between the mid-1970s to early-1980s. Most trains include an Amfleet club car which has a combination of Business Class seating with a Café (food service/lounge) and four or five Coach Class cars.

Between New York City and Albany–Rensselaer, trains are pulled by a GE Genesis P32AC-DM dual-mode diesel locomotive at speeds up to 110 mph (177 km/h). The locomotives operate on third rail electric power in Penn Station and the Empire Connection tunnel and on diesel power for the rest of the route. [18] Between Albany–Rensselaer and Toronto, traditional diesel-only GE Genesis P42DC locomotives are used, although the P32AC-DM locomotive may occasionally stay on the train all the way to Toronto.

In the coming years all equipment will be replaced with Amtrak Airo trainsets, the railroad's branding of its combination of Siemens Venture passenger cars and a Siemens Charger diesel-electric locomotive. [19] The trainsets for the Maple Leaf will have six passenger cars, which will include a cab control car food service area and a mix of 2x2 Coach Class and 2x1 Business Class seating. [20] The car closest to the locomotive will have batteries to supply electricity to traction motors in the locomotive when operating in Penn Station and the Empire Connection tunnel, eliminating the need for third rail propulsion. The arrangement will eliminate the time-consuming locomotive change at Albany–Rensselaer.

Classes of service

All classes of service include complimentary WiFi, an electric outlet (120 V, 60 Hz AC) at each seat, reading lamps, fold-out tray tables. Reservations are required on all trains, tickets may be purchased online, from an agent at some stations, a ticketing machine at most stations, or, at a higher cost, from the conductor on the train. [21]

Route

Maple Leaf route map Amtrak Maple Leaf.svg
Maple Leaf route map

In the United States, the Maple Leaf shares the route of the Empire Service , Amtrak's corridor service along the former main line of the New York Central Railroad. From New York City to Albany, it runs mostly parallel to the Hudson River (viewable on the left side northbound and the right side southbound). In Canada, the service shares the route of GO Transit's Lakeshore West commuter rail line.

Prior to the completion of the Empire Connection in 1991, the Maple Leaf originated at Grand Central Terminal in New York instead of Penn Station. [23]

The Maple Leaf operates over Metrolinx and Canadian National Railway trackage in Canada, and CSX Transportation, Metro-North Railroad, and Amtrak trackage in the United States.

Amtrak numbers the train as 63 northbound and 64 southbound, while Via numbers it as 97 southbound and 98 northbound.

Northbound trains leave New York during the morning rush, arriving in Syracuse at noon, crossing into Canada during the afternoon rush and arriving in Toronto in early evening. Southbound trains leave Toronto during the morning rush, cross into the United States just after noon and arrive in New York in mid-evening. Trains stop for two hours for customs procedures in Niagara Falls, Ontario northbound and Niagara Falls, New York southbound.

Stations

State/
Province
Town/City Mile (km) StationConnections
ON Toronto 544 (875) Union Station VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg Via Rail:   The Canadian,   Québec City–Windsor Corridor
GO Transit logo.svg GO Transit Rail: GO Barrie logo.svg   Barrie, GO Kitchener logo.svg   Kitchener, GO Milton logo.svg   Milton, GO Lakeshore East logo.svg   Lakeshore East, GO Lakeshore West logo.svg   Lakeshore West, GO Richmond Hill logo.svg   Richmond Hill, GO Stouffville logo.svg   Stouffville
UP Express icon white on black.jpg Union Pearson Express
TTC.svg TTC Rail: BSicon SUBWAY.svg TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg , BSicon CLRV.svg   509  , BSicon CLRV.svg   510  
Bus-logo.svg Local bus: GO bus symbol.svg GO Transit, BSicon BUS1.svg TTC Bus
Oakville 523 (842) Oakville VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg Via Rail:   Québec City–Windsor Corridor
GO Transit logo.svg GO Transit Rail: GO Lakeshore West logo.svg   Lakeshore West
Bus-logo.svg Local bus: GO bus symbol.svg GO Transit, Oakville Transit
Burlington 512 (824) Aldershot VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg Via Rail:   Québec City–Windsor Corridor
GO Transit logo.svg GO Transit Rail: GO Lakeshore West logo.svg   Lakeshore West
Bus-logo.svg Local bus: GO bus symbol.svg GO Transit, Burlington Transit, Hamilton Street Railway
Grimsby 488 (785) Grimsby
St. Catharines 473 (761) St. Catharines GO Transit logo.svg GO Transit Rail: GO Lakeshore West logo.svg   Lakeshore West
Bus-logo.svg Niagara Region Transit
Niagara Falls 462 (744) Niagara Falls, Ontario GO Transit logo.svg GO Transit Rail: GO Lakeshore West logo.svg   Lakeshore West
Bus-logo.svg Local bus: GO bus symbol.svg GO Transit, Niagara Region Transit, WEGO
Canada–United States border
NY Niagara Falls 461 (742) Niagara Falls, New York BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service
Buffalo 437 (703) Buffalo–Exchange Street BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service, Thruway to Jamestown, NY
BSicon TRAM.svg NFTA: Metro Rail
Depew 431 (694) Buffalo–Depew BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service, Lake Shore Limited
Rochester 370 (600) Rochester BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service, Lake Shore Limited
Syracuse New York State Fair Train only stops during the New York State Fair
291 (468) Syracuse BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service, Lake Shore Limited
Bus-logo.svg CENTRO
Rome 250 (400) Rome BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service
Utica 237 (381) Utica BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service, Lake Shore Limited
BSicon lDAMPF.svg Adirondack Railroad to Thendara, New York
Bus-logo.svg CENTRO
Amsterdam 177 (285) Amsterdam BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Empire Service
Schenectady 159 (256) Schenectady BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack , Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express , Lake Shore Limited
Bus-logo.svg Capital District Transportation Authority
Rensselaer 141 (227) Albany–Rensselaer BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer , Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express, Lake Shore Limited
Bus-logo.svg Capital District Transportation Authority
Hudson 114 (183) Hudson BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express
Rhinecliff 88 (142) Rhinecliff BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express
Poughkeepsie 73 (117) Poughkeepsie BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express
MTA NYC logo.svg Metro-North Railroad:   Hudson Line
Bus-logo.svg Dutchess County Public Transit, Ulster County Area Transit
Croton-on-Hudson 32 (51) Croton–Harmon BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express, Lake Shore Limited
MTA NYC logo.svg Metro-North Railroad:   Hudson Line
Bus-logo.svg Bee-Line Bus System
Yonkers 14 (23) Yonkers BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express
MTA NYC logo.svg Metro-North Railroad:   Hudson Line
Bus-logo.svg Bee-Line Bus System
New York City 0 Penn Station BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak (long-distance): Cardinal , Crescent , Lake Shore Limited, Palmetto , Silver Meteor
BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak (intercity): Acela , Adirondack, Berkshire Flyer, Carolinian , Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express, Keystone Service , Northeast Regional , Pennsylvanian , Vermonter
MTA NYC logo.svg Long Island Rail Road:   City Terminal Zone,   Port Washington Branch
NJT logo.svg NJ Transit:   North Jersey Coast Line,   Northeast Corridor Line,   Gladstone Branch,   Montclair-Boonton Line,   Morristown Line
BSicon SUBWAY.svg NYC Subway: NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg NYCS-bull-trans-A-Std.svg NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg NYCS-bull-trans-E-Std.svg
PATH logo.svg PATH: HOB-33 JSQ-33 JSQ-33 (via HOB)
Bus-logo.svg NYC Transit Bus

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Empire Service</i> Amtrak service between New York City, NY and Niagara Falls, NY

The Empire Service is an inter-city rail service operated by Amtrak within the state of New York in the United States. The brand name originated with the New York Central Railroad in 1967. Trains on the line provide frequent daily service along the 460-mile (740 km) Empire Corridor between New York City and Niagara Falls via Albany, the state capital.

<i>Ethan Allen Express</i> Intercity rail service in the United States

The Ethan Allen Express is a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak in the United States between New York City and Burlington, Vermont, via Albany, New York. One daily round trip is operated on a 310-mile (500 km) north–south route with a 7-hour 35 minute scheduled running time. The train is subsidized by New York and Vermont for the portion north of Albany. It is named for Vermont cofounder and American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whirlpool Rapids Bridge</span> Bridge in Ontario and New York

The Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, commonly known as the Whirlpool Bridge or the Lower Steel Arch Bridge, is a spandrel braced, riveted, two-hinged arch bridge that crosses the Canada–United States border, connecting the commercial downtown districts of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, New York. This bridge is located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) north of the Rainbow Bridge and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Falls. It was acquired by the Niagara Falls Bridge Commission in January 1959. Immediately upstream is the similar arch-style Michigan Central Railway Bridge, which has been out of service since 2001.

<i>Adirondack</i> (train) Amtrak service between New York City, NY and Montreal, QC

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niagara Falls station (Ontario)</span> Railway station in Niagara Falls, Canada

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Catharines station</span> Railway station in Ontario, Canada

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson station (New York)</span> Train station in the State of New York

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<i>Montrealer</i> (train) Passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York City and Montreal, Canada

The Montrealer was an overnight passenger train between Washington, D.C., United States, and Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The train was operated from 1924 to 1966, and again under Amtrak from 1972 to 1995, excepting two years in the 1980s. The train was discontinued in 1995 and replaced by the Vermonter, which provides daytime service as far north as St. Albans, Vermont. Current Amtrak service to Montreal is provided by the daytime Adirondack from New York City via Albany.

The Maple Leaf was an international night train between New York City and Toronto, operated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad in coordination with the Canadian National Railway. It ran from Penn Station in New York City and concluded at Toronto's Union Station. The train's service began in 1937; a predecessor Lehigh Valley Railroad train, the Toronto, traveled the same route. The Maple Leaf and the John Wilkes were the last named passenger trains operated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad.

References

  1. "Amtrak Fiscal Year 2024 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  2. Streamliner Schedules, "The Ontarian" timetable, plus consists for other NYC trains of the period with routes from and to Toronto http://www.streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track6/ontarian196506.html
  3. New York Central timetable, November 5, 1967, final timetable with Ontarian
  4. Malcolm, Andrew H. (February 14, 1982). "New York to Toronto Train". New York Times . Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  5. Streamliner Schedules, "The Ontarian" timetable, plus consists for other NYC trains of the period with routes from and to Toronto http://www.streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track6/ontarian196506.html
  6. New York Central timetable, November 5, 1967, final timetable with Ontarian
  7. "Amtrak's new Toronto-NY line fills 10-year void; may be a winner". Miami News . April 28, 1981. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  8. Solomon, Brian (2004). Amtrak. Saint Paul, Minnesota: MBI. ISBN   978-0-7603-1765-5.
  9. Rocha, Euan; Alastair Sharp (April 22, 2013). "Canada thwarts "al Qaeda-supported" passenger train plot". Reuters Canada. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  10. Macdonald, Alaistair; Siobhan Gorman; David George-Cosh (April 22, 2012). "Canada Thwarts Alleged Plot to Attack Train". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  11. Moore, Amanda (January 13, 2014). "Jordan train bridge reportedly target of thwarted terror plot". Niagarathisweek.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  12. "Service Adjustments Due to Coronavirus" (Press release). Amtrak. March 24, 2020. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  13. Dickson, Jane (March 18, 2020). "Canada-U.S. border to close except for essential supply chains". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  14. "International train service returns for customers for the first time since 2020". Amtrak. June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  15. "Empire Service Schedule Changes" (Press release). Amtrak. November 1, 2024.
  16. "Governor Hochul and Amtrak Announce Restoration of Empire Service in Time for the Holiday Season" (Press release). Amtrak. November 22, 2024.
  17. "Amtrak – Maple Leaf". TrainWeb. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  18. Vermont Agency of Transportation (January 2010). "Passenger Rail Equipment Options for the Amtrak Vermonter and Ethan Allen Express" (PDF). Vermont Legislature. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  19. "Introducing Our New Trains: Amtrak Airo". Amtrak. December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
  20. "Amtrak FY 2022–2027 Asset Line Plan" (PDF). Amtrak . p. 132. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  21. "Travel Guide to Train Fares". Amtrak. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  22. "Reserved Coach Class Seat". Amtrak. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  23. "Travel Advisory; Grand Central Trains Rerouted To Penn Station". The New York Times . April 7, 1991. Retrieved February 7, 2010.

Notes

  1. Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.
  2. Combines Empire Service and Maple Leaf ridership.
  3. Includes time at border control.