Hydrocenidae Temporal range: | |
---|---|
Georissa shikokuensis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Neritimorpha |
Order: | Cycloneritida |
Superfamily: | Hydrocenoidea Troschel, 1857 |
Family: | Hydrocenidae Troschel, 1857 |
Synonyms | |
Georissinae Blanford, 1864 |
Hydrocenidae is a taxonomic family of minute land snails or cave snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha.
Hydrocenidae are widespread across the Palearctis and Africa, but reach their highest diversity in the Oriental, Australian, and Oceanian regions. The family is poorly known and has not been revised in the past 140 years and as a consequence, the status of the various genus names (including Georissa ) is uncertain.
Hydrocenidae is the only family in the superfamily Hydrocenoidea. This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
The animal have no gill, but a pulmonary cavity. [1] Tentacles are short and large. [1] The eyes are prominent, situated at the upper or outer base of the tentacles. [1] The foot is short, oval and obtuse. [1] The denticle (tiny teeth) of radula have the formula ∞ 1, (1 + 1 + 1), 1 ∞. [1] The central denticles are small and elongated. [1] The lateral tooth is rather large, straight, without a cusp. [1] The numerous lateral teeth are denticulate, and arranged in very oblique series. [1]
The shell is imperforate, conic and globular. [1] Whorls are convex. [1] The spire is short. [1] The peristome is continuous. [1] The columella is callous. [1] The lip is not reflexed. [1] The operculum is calcareous, ornamented with striae which are concentric to the nucleus. [1] The inner side of the operculum is with a prominent apophysis arising from the nucleus. [1]
Genera and species within the family Hydrocenidae include: [2]
Acteonidae, common name the "barrel bubble snails", is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks of the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.
Turbonillinae is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.
The Bursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells", are a small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Georissa is a genus of minute land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrocenidae. Although the species are best known for living on the surface of limestone rocks, they are often also found in and on the vegetation and on non-calcareous rocks. One species, Georissa filiasaulae, is cavernicolous. It is only known from two caves in the Sepulut area of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, where its above-ground sister species, Georissa saulae, inhabits the rocks outside of the cave, and is connected to the cave snail via narrow zones of hybridization at the cave entrances. Possibly, G. filiasaulae has evolved without ever having been fully separated from its ancestor, a process known as speciation-with-gene-flow.
Monterissa gowerensis, also known as the Lord Howe microturban, is a species of minute cave snails with an operculum, gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrocenidae.
Assimineidae is a family of minute snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Rissoidae. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.
Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails, also known as staircase snails, with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902, were previously considered a subfamily of the Diplommatinidae, but are now known to be a separate family.
Cyclophoridae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the order Architaenioglossa belonging to the subclass Caenogastropoda.
Pleurotomariidae, common name the "slit snails", is a family of large marine gastropods in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea of the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is a very ancient lineage; there were numerous species in the geological past. The genus includes several hundred fossil forms, mostly Paleozoic. It is one of the oldest gastropod families, commencing in the Cambrian.
Seguenziidae is a family of very small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.
Pupinidae is a taxonomic family of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea.
The Drilliidae are a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails with high-spired shells. They are classified as marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Enixotrophon arnaudi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Gaza is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Margaritidae.
Calliostomatinae is a subfamily of gastropods, belonging to the family Calliostomatidae.
Bathymophila callomphala is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.
Pollicaria, commonly known as the elephant pupinid snails, is a genus of land snails with a gill and an operculum. They are in the family Pupinidae, superfamily Cyclophoroidea.
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference. [1]