Irdin Manha Formation

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Irdin Manha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Eocene
Type Geological formation
Location
Coordinates 43°42′N112°00′E / 43.7°N 112.0°E / 43.7; 112.0
Region Inner Mongolia
CountryFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Approximate paleocoordinates 45°12′N105°42′E / 45.2°N 105.7°E / 45.2; 105.7
China edcp relief location map.jpg
Orange pog.svg
Irdin Manha Formation (China)

The Irdin Manha Formation is a geological formation from the Eocene located in Inner Mongolia, China, a few kilometres south of the Mongolian border. [1]

Contents

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

U.S. paleontologists Henry Fairfield Osborn and Roy C. Andrews discovered two premolars on the site in 1923, and assigned the specimen to the new genus Eudinoceras because he believed it to be related to " Dinoceras " (now known as Uintatherium). Within a decade, however, as more complete specimens were recovered, the animal was identified as a Mongolian relative to the North American pantodont Coryphodon . The expedition also lead to the discovery of the only known skull of Andrewsarchus . [2]

Artiodactyls

Artiodactyls reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Achaenodontidae?An incomplete upper tooth (AMNH 20136). [3] Doubtfully assigned to the family.
Cf. Archaeomeryx , gen indet.Fragment of lower jaw (AMNH 20173). [3] A traguliform.
Andrewsarchus A. mongoliensisAround Telegraph Line Camp. [4] A large skull. [5] A relative of entelodonts formerly thought to be a mesonychid.
Andrewsarchus09DB.jpg
Em - Andrewsarchus mongoliensis - 1.jpg
Erlianhyus E. primitivusIrdin Manha, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol. [6] A right upper maxilla with P3–M3 (IVPP V 28275). [6] A basal artiodactyl.
Gobiohyus G. orientalisTelegraph Line Camp. [7] Jaw elements. [3] [7] A helohyid also found in the Ulan Shireh Formation.
G. pressidensTelegraph Line Camp. [7] Partial right rami. [3] [7] A helohyid.
G. robustusTelegraph Line Camp. [7] Left ramus (AMNH 20246). [3] [7] A helohyid.
Obotherium O. parvumIrdin Manha, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol. [8] Teeth and lower jaws [8] A tapirulid.

Cimolestans

Cimolestans reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Eudinoceras E. mongoliensis2 premolars & jaw elements. [2] [3] [9] A coryphodontid.

Dinoceratans

Dinoceratans reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Gobiatherium G. mirificum25 miles southwest from Iren Dabasu. [2] Skull, jaws & limb elements. [2] An uintatheriid.
Gobitherium.png

Ferae

Ferae reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Miacis M. invictusIsolated upper molar (AMNH 20137). [3] A miacid.
Miacis restoration 2.jpg
Propterodon P. irdinensisJaw fragments. [3] A hyaenodontid.
Sarkastodon S. mongoliensisAbout 25 miles southwest of Iren Dabasu. [10] Skull & jaws. [10] An oxyaenid.
Sarkastodon mongoliensis NT 2.jpg

Glires

Glires reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Advenimus A. burkeiNear Camp Margetts. [11] Jaw elements. [11] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
Asiomys A. dawsoniHuheboerhe. [12] Fragment of right calcaneus (IVPP V24417). [12] An ischyromyid rodent.
Erenlagus E. anielaeHuheboerhe. [13] Teeth. [13] A stem-lagomorph.
Gomphos G. shevyrevaeHuheboerhe escarpment. [14] Teeth & foot elements. [14] A mimotonid.
Ischyromyidae genus indet.Species AIrdin Manha escarpment. [12] Right calcaneus (IVPP V24416). [12] Relatively large ischyromyid rodent, calcaneus comparable in size to that of a coypu or Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine. [12]
Species BDaoteyin Obo. [12] Right calcaneus (IVPP V24418). [12] Large ischyromyid rodent with calcaneus matching in length that of a coypu & similar in structure to that of Paramys . [12]
Mimolagus M. auroraeIrdin Manha escarpment. [15] Teeth & foot elements. [15] A large mimotonid.
Pappocricetodon P. neimongolensisHuheboerhe. [16] Teeth. [16] A cricetid rodent.
P. cf. P. zhongtiaensisHuheboerhe. [16] A left molar. [16] A cricetid rodent.
P. sp.Huheboerhe. [16] A right molar. [16] A cricetid rodent.
Paramyidae Paramyid spp.Teeth & jaws. [11] 3 sizes of paramyid rodents, possibly different species.
?Paramyid sp.Left jaw (AMNH 80801). [11] Possible small paramyid rodent.
Simplicimys S. bellusHuheboerhe. [17] Teeth. [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent also known from the Arshanto Formation.
Strenulagus S. solarisIrdin Manha and Huheboerhe localities. [18] Isolated cheek teeth, fragmentary upper incisors (dI2) and postcranial elements. [18] A stem-lagomorph also known from the Khaychin Formation.
Tamquammys T. fractusHuheboerhe. [17] Right maxilla (V17798). [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
T. wilsoniTeeth. [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent also known from the Arshanto & Nomogen formations.
Yongshengomys Y. extensusHuheboerhe. [17] Teeth. [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
Yuomys Y. huheboerhensisHuheboerhe. [17] Teeth. [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
Y. sp. AHuheboerhe. [17] A right molar (V17805). [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
Y. sp. BHuheboerhe. [17] A right molar (V17806). [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.
Y. sp. CHuheboerhe. [17] A right molar (V17807). [17] A ctenodactyloid rodent.

Mesonychians

Mesonychians reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Hapalodectes ?H. auctusAn upper molar or possibly premolar (AMNH 20130). [3] A hapalodectid.
H. serusAround Telegraph Line Camp. [4] Lower cheek tooth (AMNH 20172). [3] [4] A hapalodectid.
Hapalodectes restoration Stanton Fink.png
Harpagolestes H. leeiHuheboerhe & Daoteyin Obo. [19] Tooth elements. [19] A mesonychid.
Mesonychidae Gen. indet.AMNH 20132. [3] About the size of Harpagolestes uintensis .
Gen. indet.Isolated tooth (AMNH 20133). [3] About the size of Synoplotherium lanius.
Mongolonyx M. dolichognathus7 miles west of Camp Margetts. [4] Jaw elements. [4] A large mesonychid.

Perissodactyls

Perissodactyls reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Caenolophus C. proficiensLower jaw & isolated teeth. [20] A rhinocerotoid.
Cooperia C. totadentataTelegraph Line Camp, 23 miles southeast of Iren Dabasu. [21] Front of skull (AMNH 20116). [21] Generic name preoccupied, renamed Forstercooperia .
Desmatotherium D. fissumUpper jaw fragment. [20] A helaletid.
D. mongolienseIrdin Manha escarpment, Duheminboerhe, Huheboerhe & Chaganboerhe. [22] Parts of 10 individuals. [20] [23] A helaletid also found in the Mergen Formation.
Forstercooperia F. totadentataTelegraph Line Camp, 23 miles southeast of Iren Dabasu. [21] Front of skull (AMNH 20116). [21] A paraceratheriid, originally named Cooperia.
Forstercooperia totadentata.jpg
F. ulanshirehensisIrdin Manha site. [24] Jaw elements. [24] A paraceratheriid also known from the Ulan Shireh Formation.
Gnathotitan G. berkeyiIrdin Manha. [25] Jaw elements. [25] A brontothere.
Gnathotitan2.png
Lophialetes L. expeditusJaw elements. [20] A lophialetid.
L. minutusUpper molar. [20] A lophialetid.
Metatelmatherium M. cristatumCamp Margetts. [25] Skull & lower jaw (AMNH 26411). [25] A brontothere.
M. parvumIrdin Manha. [25] Fragment of left lower jaw (AMNH 20168). [25] A brontothere.
Microtitan M. mongoliensisJaw elements. [25] A brontothere.
Pappaceras P. confluensUpper gray clays & Camp Margetts area. [26] Skull & jaw elements. [26] A paraceratheriid.
Paracolodon P. fissusDuheminboerhe & Daoteyin Obo. [22] Skull elements & teeth. [22] A helaletid.
Protitan P. bellusSpring Camp, East Mesa, Shara Murun region. [25] Palatal side of skull (AMNH 26104). [25] A brontothere.
P. grangeriSkull elements. [25] A brontothere.
P. minorCamp Margetts. [25] Skull elements. [25] A brontothere.
P. obliquidensIrdin Manha. [25] Part of left maxilla (AMNH 20125). [25] A brontothere.
P. robustusIrdin Manha. [25] Jaw elements & teeth. [25] A brontothere.
Protitanotherium P. mongolienseLower jaw & foot bones (AMNH 18653). [23] Moved to the genus Rhinotitan . [25]
Rhinotitan-Paleozoological Museum of China.jpg
Rhinotitan R. mongoliensisLower jaw & foot bones (AMNH 18653). [23] A brontothere originally reported as a species of Protitanotherium .
3D model of Rhinotitan mongoliensis.png
Rostriamynodon R. grangeriEast of Camp Margetts. [27] Complete skull & mandible (AMNH 107635). [27] An amynodontid.
Teleolophus T. mediusTeeth & jaws. [20]

Primates

Primates reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Tarkops T. mckennaiHuheboerhe. [28] Incomplete left lower jaw (IVPP V16424). [28] An omomyid.

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Buteoninae Chimney Butte. [29] Left coracoid (AMNH FR 2941). [29] Specimen reassigned to Eogrus? sp.
Eogrus E. aeolaChimney Butte. [29] Right metatarsus (AMNH 2936). [29] An eogruid.
E.? sp.Chimney Butte. [29] Left coracoid (AMNH FR 2941). [29] Formerly thought to represent a buteonine, now thought to be an eogruid. [30]
Telecrex T. grangeriChimney Butte, Shara Murun region. [29] [31] An incomplete right femur (AMNH 2942). [29] [31] A guineafowl, formerly thought to be a rail.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Asiatosuchus A. grangeri25 miles southwest of Iren Dabasu. [32] Portions of at least 2 individuals. [32] A crocodyloid.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
"Adocus""A". orientalisTelegraph Line Camp. [33] [34] Anterior half of plastron (AMNH 6356). [33] [34] An adocid.
Amyda?A.? johnsoniTelegraph Line Camp. [34] Two-thirds of a carapace (AMNH 6357) & many carapace fragments (AMNH 6359). [34] A softshell turtle.
Trionychidae IndeterminateTelegraph Line Camp. [34] Several kinds of sculptured fragments (AMNH 6360). [34] Remains of softshell turtles.

Fish

Fish reported from the Irdin Manha Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Pappichthys P. mongoliensisTelegraph Line Camp. [35] Vertebrae. [36] Specimens now believed to represent Siluriformes.
Siluriformes IndeterminateTelegraph Line Camp, Chahar Province. [35] 5 vertebrae (AMNH 8535). [35] A catfish likely related to ictalurids. Formerly assigned to Pappichthys mongoliensis.

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Irdin Manha Beds (1930 AMNH Eudinoceras site) (Eocene of China) in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved July 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Granger, Walter (August 17, 1932). "Coryphodonts and uintatheres from the Mongolian Expedition of 1930". American Museum Novitates (552): 1–16. hdl:2246/3000.
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  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Szalay, Frederick S.; Gould, Stephen Jay (1966). "Asiatic Mesonychidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra)". Bulletin of the AMNH. 132 (2). hdl:2246/1112.
  5. ↑ Osborn, H. F. (11 November 1924). "Andrewsarchus, giant mesonychid of Mongolia" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (146). American Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020.
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  9. ↑ Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Granger, Walter; Andrews, Roy Chapman; Matthew, William Diller (1931). "Coryphodonts of Mongolia: Eudinoceras mongoliensis Osborn, E. kholobolchiensis sp. nov". American Museum Novitates (459). hdl:2246/3066.
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  18. 1 2 Łucja, Fostowicz-Freldc; Chuankui, Li; Qian, Li; Jin, Meng; Yuanqing, Wang (March 3, 2015). "Strenulagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) from the Middle Eocene Irdin Manha Formation of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 89 (1): 12–26. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12391. S2CID   128886984.
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  21. 1 2 3 4 Wood, Horace Elmer (December 30, 1938). "Cooperia totadentata, a remarkable rhinoceros from the Eocene of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (1012): 1–20. hdl:2246/2209?show=full.
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  24. 1 2 Wang, Hai-bing; Wang, Hai-bing; Bai, Bin; Meng, Jin; Wang, Yuanqing (2018). A new species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla, Paraceratheriidae) from northern China with a systematic revision of forstercooperiines. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History.
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  26. 1 2 Wood, Horace Elmer (July 25, 1963). "A primitive rhinoceros from the late Eocene of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (2146): 1–11. hdl:2246/3390.
  27. 1 2 Wall, William P.; Manning, Earl (1986). "Rostriamynodon grangeri n. gen., n. sp. of Amynodontid (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea) with Comments on the Phylogenetic History of Eocene Amynodontidae". Journal of Paleontology. 60 (4): 911–919. doi:10.1017/S0022336000043079. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   1305081. S2CID   59363111.
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  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wetmore, Alexander (1934). "Fossil birds from Mongolia and China". American Museum Novitates (711): 1–16. hdl:2246/2095.
  30. ↑ "Division of Paleontology". research.amnh.org. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
  31. 1 2 Olson, S. (1974). "Telecrex Restudied: A Small Eocene Guineafowl". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 86 (3): 246–250. S2CID   73581614.
  32. 1 2 Mook, Charles Craig (1940). "A new fossil crocodilian from Mongolia". American Museum Novitates (1097): 1–3. hdl:2246/2242.
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