John B. Russwurm House | |
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Location | 238 Ocean Avenue, Portland, Maine |
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Coordinates | 43°40′44″N70°16′49″W / 43.67889°N 70.28028°W |
Built | c. 1810 |
NRHP reference No. | 83000450 [1] |
Added to NRHP | July 21, 1983 |
The John B. Russwurm House is a historic house at 238 Ocean Avenue in the Back Cove neighborhood of Portland, Maine. Built about 1810, it was the residence of American abolitionist and Liberian colonist John Brown Russwurm. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. [1]
The Russwurm House is located on the northwest side of Ocean Avenue (Maine State Route 9), between Gleckler and Wellington Roads. It is set back from the road, just south of the Church of the Holy Spirit. It is a typical Federal period 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a five-bay front facade and side gable roof. It is one room deep, and has a center entrance with a modest Greek Revival surround that includes sidelights and pilasters. A single-story ell extends to the rear on the left side, its gabled roof perpendicular to the main roof. The interior has a narrow stair in the entrance vestibule, with a Greek Revival parlor to the left and a Federal period parlor to the right. [2]
This house was built about 1810, and was from 1812 to 1827 intermittently the home of John Brown Russwurm. Russwurm was born in Jamaica to white plantation owner, John R. Russwurm, [3] and an enslaved black woman. His father died in 1815, and his stepmother, Susan, lived there with her third husband, local miller William Hawes, after their marriage in 1817. [3] [4]
Educated at Hebron Academy and Bowdoin College (where he was the first African-American to graduate), [2] he was co-editor of Freedom's Journal , the first newspaper in America owned and published by African-Americans. [5] He was active in abolitionist circles, and was a proponent of returning blacks to Africa. In 1836, he was chosen to serve as the first black governor of Maryland in Africa, a colony which eventually became part of Liberia. This house is the only known property in the United States associated with his life. [2]
Freedom's Journal was the first African-American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States. Founded by Rev. John Wilk and other free Black men in New York City, it was published weekly starting with the March 16, 1827, issue. Freedom's Journal was superseded in 1829 by The Rights of All, published between 1829 and 1830 by Samuel Cornish, the former senior editor of the Journal. The View covered it as part of Black History Month in 2021.
The Nathan Clifford School is a former elementary school building at 180 Falmouth Street in Portland, Maine. Built in 1907–09 to a design by John Calvin Stevens and his son John Howard Stevens, it was hailed as a model elementary school by the state, built with up-to-date technology to the latest standards. It was named for Maine politician and jurist Nathan Clifford. The school was closed in 2011, and has been converted to residential use.
John Brown Russwurm was a Jamaican-born American abolitionist, newspaper publisher, and colonist of Liberia, where he moved from the United States. He was born in Jamaica to an English father and enslaved mother. As a child he traveled to the United States with his father and received a formal education, becoming the first black person to graduate from Hebron Academy and Bowdoin College.
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