Related Research Articles
Indian Mound Park, also known as Shell Mound Park or Indian Shell Mound Park, is a park and bird refuge located on the northern shore of Dauphin Island, a barrier island of Mobile County, Alabama in the United States. In addition to the many birds which visit, a wide variety of botanical species contribute to the natural offerings. The site is historically significant due to the presence of prehistoric Indian shell middens, mounds composed of discarded oyster shells. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973. It is administered by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
The Grand Village of the Illinois, also called Old Kaskaskia Village, is a site significant for being the best documented historic Native American village in the Illinois River valley. It was a large agricultural and trading village of Native Americans of the Illinois confederacy, located on the north bank of the Illinois River near the present town of Utica, Illinois. French explorers Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette came across it in 1673. The Kaskaskia, a tribe of the Illiniwek people lived in the village. It grew rapidly after a French mission and fur trading post were established there in 1675, to a population of about 6,000 people in about 460 houses. Around 1691 the Kaskaskia and other Illiniwek moved further south, abandoning the site due to pressure from an Iroquois invasion from the northeast.
The Stoner Site is a substantial archaeological site in the far eastern portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. Discovered during the Great Depression, the site has produced large numbers of artifacts from a prehistoric village that was once located there, and archaeological investigations have shown it to be one of the area's most important archaeological sites for the Allison-Lamotte culture. After more than a decade of fruitful research and predictions of potentially rich results from future work, it has been designated a historic site.
The Palugvik Site, also known as Palugvik Archeological District, is an archaeological site on Hawkins Island in Prince William Sound, near Cordova, Alaska, within Chugach National Forest. The site, first excavated in 1930, was the first to provide a view of prehistoric human habitation in Prince William Sound, the ancestral home of the Chugach people, and is one of the two primary sites for identifying the sequence of occupation in the area. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
The Gardiner Pond Shell Midden is a prehistoric archaeological site in Middletown, Rhode Island, named after George Gardiner who was an early settler in the area. The site includes a large shell midden, in which archaeological finds have been made dating the area's human habitation to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. Finds at the site include agricultural tools such as hoes, planting tools, and stone mortars and pestles. The midden is on the grounds of the Norman Bird Sanctuary.
The Greenwich Cove Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in Warwick, Rhode Island, US. The site is a significant multi-component site, with finds dating from the Late Archaic to the Middle Woodland Period. It notably includes a shell midden that has only been moderately affected by vandalism and development; these are particularly rare in coastal Rhode Island. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The Meadows Archeological District is a complex of four prehistoric archaeological sites in Warwick, Rhode Island. Discovered in 1980, the sites exhibit properties associated with the procurement and processing of stone tools. Three of the four sites include evidence of short-term habitation, and all four have shell middens. Occupation periods from the Archaic to the Woodland Period have been assigned to them. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, cited for its potential to yield new information about prehistoric Native patterns of living.
Cedar Swamp Archeological District is a prehistoric and historic archaeologically sensitive area in eastern Westborough, Massachusetts, and extending into the northwest corner of Hopkinton. Cedar Swamp is an area of more than 2,600 acres (1,100 ha) of wetlands that include the headwaters area of the Sudbury River. Archeological surveys of the environmentally sensitive and critical area have identified many Native American sites of interest. It is believed that Native Americans prized wood from the cedar trees that grew in the area. The archeological district, which encompasses much of the Cedar Swamp area, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The Plum Island Eagle Sanctuary is a 52-acre island in the Illinois River owned by the Illinois Audubon Society. It was purchased March 24, 2004 to act as a wildlife sanctuary, to protect foraging habitat for wintering bald eagles. It is close to Matthiessen State Park and adjacent to Starved Rock State Park.
The Bullskin Creek Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located near Felicity in Clermont County, the site appears to have been a base camp for nomads during the Late Archaic period. The site comprises three loci: two significant areas of various debris and a large midden that underlies everything else. From these components, which cover an area of approximately 400 feet (120 m) by 600 feet (180 m), collectors and archaeologists have recovered hundreds of artifacts, including stone tools, weapons, and bone tools. Because the site is located in a farm field, it has frequently been cultivated, and the plow has brought at least five burials to the surface from a cemetery on the edge of the site. Among the types of features found at the site are ovens, trash pits, and postmolds. Bodies at the site were generally adorned with red ochre and buried in a flexed position.
Shell rings are archaeological sites with curved shell middens completely or partially surrounding a clear space. The rings were sited next to estuaries that supported large populations of shellfish, usually oysters. Shell rings have been reported in several countries, including Colombia, Peru, Japan, and the southeastern United States. Archaeologists continue to debate the origins and use of shell rings.
The Summer Island site, designated 20DE4, is an archaeological site located on the northwest side of Summer Island, in Delta County, Michigan. It is classified as a stratified, multi-component site with Middle Woodland, Upper Mississippian and Early Historic/Protohistoric occupations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
The Baum Site (31Ck9) is one of the most prominent Middle and Late Woodland Period sites of the Colington Phase in the state of North Carolina. It is located north of Poplar Branch in Currituck County, North Carolina. This phase, marked by cultures of the Algonkian peoples, aligns with the Late Woodland period in North Carolina, occurring during English explorations between 1584 and 1587, and permanent settlement at 1650. This village is what the first English explorers encountered when entering the coastal region. The site contained ossuaries and evidence for a coastal village adaptation. The site was registered with the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1982, after testing and excavations in 1972 and 1973 by David Sutton Phelps, who was an archaeologist at East Carolina University. The site is suffering from erosion due to wave action. After the initial discovery, which was the result of erosion uncovering of remains, Phelps claimed, “this will provide the first glimpse of a coastal village of this type in the state”. A residential subdivision, Currituck Crossing, is now located on the Baum site. https://web.archive.org/web/20160617035403/http://co.currituck.nc.us/pdf/board-of-commissioners-minutes-2013/boc-minutes-13nov04.pdf.
The Damariscotta Shell Midden Historic District encompasses a significant collection of shell middens along the Damariscotta River in Lincoln County, Maine. It includes eleven middens in all, including the well-known Whaleback Shell Midden and the Glidden Midden, which is the largest shell midden in the northeastern United States. The area has the largest concentration of such midden sites under conservation protection in the eastern United States. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
The town of North Haven, Maine is an island community located principally on North Fox Island in southern Penobscot Bay, separated from its mouth by Vinalhaven. The Fox Islands were the subject of an intensive archaeological survey in the 1970s, in which more than 49 sites of interest were identified in North Haven. Eight of these were deemed significant enough to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places; the most significant of these, the Turner Farm Site, was a site exhibiting evidence of year-round occupation during at least three time periods in prehistory.
Flye Point 2, also designated Site 42.43 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Brooklin, Maine. This site includes a large shell midden, and has yielded evidence of human habitation, including "pit house" features, with an estimated occupation time of 1000 CE. The midden is one of the largest of its type on the coast of eastern Maine. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Archeological Site No. 29-64 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Islesboro, Maine. The site encompasses a shell midden, in which are embedded the remains of semi-subterranean pit-house structures. It is one of the best-preserved examples of this type in northeastern North America. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Schilling Archeological District is a prehistoric Native American archaeological site on private property on Lower Grey Cloud Island in Cottage Grove, Minnesota, United States. It consists of a habitation site and mound group with artifacts that date from the Early Woodland Period to the Late Prehistoric Period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 for having state-level significance in the theme of archaeology. It was nominated for its rare Early Woodland component, Middle Mississippian cultural influences, and potential to show climatic adaptations over time.
The Moccasin Bluff site is an archaeological site located along the Red Bud Trail and the St. Joseph River north of Buchanan, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and has been classified as a multi-component prehistoric site with the major component dating to the Late Woodland/Upper Mississippian period.
The King Coulee Site is a prehistoric Native American archaeological site in Pepin Township, Minnesota, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 for having state-level significance in the theme of archaeology. It was nominated for being a largely undisturbed occupation site with intact stratigraphy and numerous biofacts stretching from the late Archaic period to the Oneota period. This timeframe spans roughly from 3,500 to 500 years ago. The site yielded the oldest known evidence of domesticated plants in Minnesota: seeds dated to 2,500 years ago from the squash Cucurbita pepo.
References
- ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- 1 2 Morenon, E. Pierre (1981). National Register nomination for Lambert Farm Site; available (in redacted form) by request from the National Park Service
- ↑ "Current Research". American Antiquity. 56 (3): 531–556. July 1991. doi:10.1017/S0002731600068190.
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