| Leuctridae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leuctridae sp. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Plecoptera |
| Superfamily: | Nemouroidea |
| Family: | Leuctridae Klapálek, 1905 |
The Leuctridae are a family of stoneflies. They are known commonly as rolled-winged stoneflies [1] and needleflies. [2] This family contains at least 390 species. [3] [4]
These small stoneflies can reach a length of 5–13 mm (0.20–0.51 in), but most of the species are less than 1 centimeter long. The wings are slender and cylindrical, usually dark brown in color. At rest, the wings appear to be wrapping their bodies. The adults develop in early spring, swarm, mate, and lay the eggs in the water. The slender, yellowish larvae are herbivorous, feeding on plants and organic waste. [ citation needed ]
The species of Leuctridae have a mainly Holarctic distribution.
Subfamilies, tribes, and genera include: [1] [4]
Osmylidae are a small family of winged insects of the net-winged insect order Neuroptera. The osmylids, also called lance lacewings, stream lacewings or giant lacewings, are found all over the world. There are around 225 extant species.
Taeniopterygidae are a family of stone flies with about 110 described extant species. They are commonly called willowflies or winter stoneflies and have a holarctic distribution. Adults are usually smaller than 15 mm.
The Perlodidae, also known as the perlodid stoneflies, stripetails, or springflies, are a family of stoneflies.
The Perlidae are a family of stoneflies, with more than 50 genera and 1,100 described species. The majority of the Perlidae are found in eastern North America, but they occur worldwide except for Antarctica and parts of Africa. Their lifecycles range between one and three years. They adults emerge in the summer; they are very active and known to be attracted to light sources. They are usually very sensitive to changes in environment.
The Nemouridae are a family of stoneflies containing more than 700 described species, occurring primarily in the Holarctic region. Members of this family are commonly known as spring stoneflies or brown stoneflies. Fly fishermen often refer to these insects as tiny winter blacks.
The Capniidae, the small winter stoneflies, are a family of insects in the stonefly order (Plecoptera). It constitutes one of the largest stonefly families, containing some 300 species distributed throughout the holarctic. Their closest relatives are the rolled-winged stoneflies (Leuctridae).
Arctoperlaria is a suborder of stoneflies. The Plecoptera Species File divides this suborder as follows:
Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.
Perlodinae is a subfamily of springflies in the family Perlodidae. There are at least 20 genera and 60 described species in Perlodinae.
Paragnetina is a genus of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are at least 20 described species in Paragnetina.
Acroneuriinae is a subfamily of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are about 32 genera and about 520 described species in Acroneuriinae.
Paraleuctra is a genus of rolled-winged stoneflies in the family Leuctridae. There are more than 20 described species in Paraleuctra.
Perlodini is a tribe of springflies in the family Perlodidae. There are more than 20 genera and 80 described species in Perlodini.
Megaleuctra is a genus of rolled-winged stoneflies in the family Leuctridae. There are about seven described species in Megaleuctra.
Oemopteryx is a genus of winter stoneflies in the family Taeniopterygidae. There are about six described species in Oemopteryx.
Moselia is a genus of rolled-winged stoneflies in the family Leuctridae. There are at least two described species in Moselia.
Arcynopterygini is a tribe of springflies in the family Perlodidae. There are about 11 genera and more than 30 described species in Arcynopterygini.
Gripopterygidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are more than 50 genera and 320 described species in Gripopterygidae.
Notonemouridae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are more than 20 genera and at least 120 described species in Notonemouridae.
Styloperlidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are at least 2 genera and 9 described species in Styloperlidae. The species etymology is based on the type locality near Sapa.
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