Lilium philadelphicum

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Lilium philadelphicum
Lilium philadelphicum var. philadelphicum.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Lilium
Species:
L. philadelphicum
Binomial name
Lilium philadelphicum
L.
Synonyms [2]
  • Lilium andinum Nutt.
  • Lilium lanceolatum T.J.Fitzp.
  • Lilium masseyi Hyams
  • Lilium montanum A.Nelson
  • Lilium umbellatum Pursh
  • Lilium wansharicum Duch.

Lilium philadelphicum, also known as the wood lily, [3] flame lily, [4] Philadelphia lily, prairie lily, or western red lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America.

Contents

Distribution

The plant is widely distributed in much of Canada from British Columbia to Quebec, and parts of the United States (Northeast and Great Lakes regions plus the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains). [5] [6]

Description

Lilium philadelphicum grows to a height of approximately 30 to 90 centimeters. It produces red or orange blooms between June and August. [7]

Varieties

Conservation

Lilium philadelphicum is listed as an endangered species in Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee and North Carolina. [5] [12] Its status is a threatened species in Kentucky and Ohio. [5]

As the Saskatchewan provincial floral emblem, it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner. [10] [9]

Toxicity

Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal. [13] [14] [15] Households and gardens that are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen that they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention. [16]

Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases, vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival. [16]

Traditional uses

The bulbs were eaten by some Native Americans. [17]

Related Research Articles

<i>Lilium</i> Genus of plants

Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies. True lilies are known to be highly toxic to cats.

<i>Lilium candidum</i> Species of lily

Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily or white lily, is a plant in the true lily family. It is native to the Balkans and Middle East, and naturalized in other parts of Europe, including France, Italy, and Ukraine, and in North Africa, the Canary Islands, Mexico, and other regions. It has been cultivated since antiquity, for at least 3,000 years, and has great symbolic value since then for many cultures. It is susceptible to several virus diseases common to lilies, and especially to Botrytis fungus. One technique to avoid problems with viruses is to grow plants from seed instead of bulblets.

<i>Lilium longiflorum</i> Species of lily

Lilium longiflorum, often called the Easter lily, is a species of plant endemic to both Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Lilium formosanum, a closely related species from Taiwan, has been treated as a variety of Easter lily in the past. It is a stem rooting lily, growing up to 1 m high. It bears a number of trumpet-shaped, white, fragrant, and outward-facing flowers. This species, along with most other true lilies, are highly toxic to cats.

<i>Lilium martagon</i> Species of lily

Lilium martagon, the martagon lily or Turk's cap lily, is a Eurasian species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from Portugal east through Europe and Asia as far east as Mongolia.

<i>Lilium speciosum</i> Species of plant

Lilium speciosum is an East Asian species of plants in the lily family. It is native to southern Japan and southern China, where it can be found at elevations of 600–900 metres (2,000–3,000 ft). It is sometimes called the Japanese lily though there are other species with this common name.

<i>Lilium regale</i> Species of plant

Lilium regale, called the regal lily, royal lily, king's lily,or, in New Zealand, the Christmas lily, is a species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, with trumpet-shaped flowers. It is native to the western part of Sichuan Province in southwestern China, and cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. It was introduced to England in 1903 by Ernest Henry Wilson.

<i>Lilium canadense</i> Species of lily

Lilium canadense, commonly called the Canada lily, wild yellow-lily, or meadow lily, is a native of eastern North America. Its native range extends from Ontario to Nova Scotia south to Georgia and Alabama. It is most common in New England, the Appalachian Mountains, and the Canadian Maritimes. It is also cultivated as an ornamental in Europe and other places.

<i>Lilium</i> Stargazer Lily cultivar

Lilium 'Stargazer' is a hybrid lily of the 'Oriental group'. Oriental lilies are known for their fragrant perfume, blooming mid-to-late summer. Stargazers are easy to grow and do best in full sunlight. They have a fast growth rate and should be planted in full sun in well-drained loamy or sandy soil. When mature, 'Stargazers' can grow to a height of 36 inches with a spread of 10 to 14 inches with 2 to 8 flowers per stem.

<i>Hemerocallis fulva</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae

Hemerocallis fulva, the orange day-lily, tawny daylily, corn lily, tiger daylily, fulvous daylily, ditch lily or Fourth of July lily, is a species of daylily native to Asia. It is very widely grown as an ornamental plant in temperate climates for its showy flowers and ease of cultivation. It is not a true lily in the genus Lilium, but gets its common name from the superficial similarity of its flowers to Lilium and from the fact that each flower lasts only one day.

<i>Lilium michauxii</i> Species of lily

Lilium michauxii, commonly known as the Carolina lily, is a wildflower native to the southeastern United States, thriving in dry, sandy soils of upland forests and ridges. It is the only fragrant lily species native east of the Rocky Mountains. Known for its vibrant orange to red flowers adorned with dark spots, the Carolina lily blooms from July to October, providing nectar for pollinators such as butterflies.

<i>Calochortus nuttallii</i> Plant species in the lily family

Calochortus nuttallii, also known as the sego lily, is a bulbous perennial plant that is endemic to the Western United States. The common name of sego comes from a similar Shoshone word. It is the state flower of Utah.

<i>Lilium superbum</i> Species of lily

Lilium superbum is a species of true lily native to the eastern and central regions of North America. Common names include Turk's cap lily, turban lily, swamp lily, lily royal, or American tiger lily. The native range of the species extends from southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York, west to Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas, and south to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida.

<i>Fritillaria pudica</i> Plant species in the lily family

Fritillaria pudica, the yellow fritillary, is a small perennial plant found in the sagebrush country in the western United States and Canada. It is a member of the lily family Liliaceae. Another common name is "yellow bells", since it has a bell-shaped yellow flower. It may be found in dryish, loose soil; it is amongst the first plants to flower after the snow melts, but the flower does not last very long; as the petals age, they turn a brick-red colour and begin to curl outward. The flowers grow singly or in pairs on the stems, and the floral parts grow in multiples of threes. The species produces a small corm, which forms corms earning the genus the nickname 'riceroot'. During his historic journey, Meriwether Lewis collected a specimen while passing through Idaho in 1806.

<i>Lilium columbianum</i> Species of lily

Lilium columbianum is a lily native to western North America. It is also known as the Columbia lily, Columbia tiger lily, or simply tiger lily.

<i>Lilium occidentale</i> Species of lily

Lilium occidentale is a rare North American species of lily known by the common name western lily. Its species name 'Occidentale' means 'westernmost' and refers to its location along the West Coast. It is native to northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in coastal prairie habitat, swamps and stagnant bogs with Drosera species, bluffs and sandy cliffs, and seaside spruce forests. This rare wildflower is limited in distribution and directly endangered by a number of environmental factors. It is a federally listed endangered species and it is listed as endangered by the states of California and Oregon.

<i>Lilium grayi</i> Species of lily

Lilium grayi is a perennial plant that is endemic to the eastern US states of North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee, growing in moist, acid soil in the Appalachian Mountains on higher elevation meadows, bogs, and seeps. The plant was introduced to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1890 and was featured in the Kew Bulletin in 1892.

<i>Lilium iridollae</i> Species of lily

Lilium iridollae is a species of "true lily". A perennial forb, it is one of nine known Lilium species native to the eastern North America. In 1940, this species was discovered by Mary Henry in its habitat. She named the lily in reference to a "pot of gold at the end of the rainbow".

<i>Lilium catesbaei</i> Species of lily

Lilium catesbaei, sometimes known as Catesby's lily, pine lily, leopard lily, tiger lily, or southern-red lily is a native of Florida and the coastal regions of the American Southeast, where it usually grows in damp areas from Louisiana to Virginia.

References

  1. NatureServe (3 January 2025). "Lilium philadelphicum". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  2. "Lilium philadelphicum L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  3. Skinner, Mark W. (2002). "Lilium philadelphicum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. "Lilium philadelphicum". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  5. 1 2 3 NRCS. "Lilium philadelphicum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  6. "Lilium philadelphicum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. "Plant detail: Lilium philadelphicum". Evergreen. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  8. "Lilium philadelphicum". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin.
  9. 1 2 "Government House Gardens Showcase Western Red Lily". Government of Saskatchewan. 2005-07-21. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  10. 1 2 "Saskatchewan's Provincial Flower". Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2008-07-09., designated in 1941.
  11. "Saskatchewan". Government of Canada. 2013-08-20. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
  12. "Endangered Plants of North Carolina". North Carolina Natural. February 2000. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  13. Frequently Asked Questions No Lilies For Cats.
  14. Fitzgerald, KT (2010). "Lily toxicity in the cat". Top Companion Anim Med. 25 (4): 213–7. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006. PMID   21147474.
  15. Lilies Pet Poison Helpline.
  16. 1 2 Lily Poisoning in Cats. Pet MD.
  17. Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 602. ISBN   0-394-50432-1.

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