The following is a list of Lexus vehicles, including past and present production models, as well as concept vehicles and limited editions. Model generations are ordered by year of introduction. This list dates back to the start of production in 1989 for the 1990 model year, when Lexus was founded as the luxury division of Toyota Motor Corporation. Vehicle designations on production vehicles indicate class and powertrain size.
| Body style | Model | Current generation | Vehicle description | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Name | Introduction (cal. year) | Model code | Introduction (cal. year) | Facelift | ||
| Sedan |  | IS | 1998 | XE30 | 2013 | 2021 | D-segment/compact executive sedan. Also marketed as the Toyota Altezza in Japan until 2005. |
 | ES | 1989 | XZ10 | 2018 | 2021 | E-segment/executive sedan based on the Toyota Camry until the 2013 model year, later Toyota Avalon. | |
 | LS | 1989 | XF50 | 2017 | 2020 | F-segment/full-size luxury sedan. Also marketed as the Toyota Celsior in Japan until 2006. | |
| Coupe |  | RC | 2014 | XC10 | 2014 | 2018 | Compact executive coupe that shares its platform with the Lexus IS. |
 | LC | 2017 | Z100 | 2017 | – | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive four-seater grand tourer coupe and convertible that shares its platform with the Lexus LS. | |
| Crossover SUV |  | LBX | 2023 | AY10 | 2023 | – | Subcompact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Yaris Cross. |
 | UX | 2018 | ZA10 | 2018 | – | Subcompact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota C-HR and Corolla Cross. | |
 | NX | 2014 | AZ20 | 2021 | – | Compact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota RAV4. | |
 | RX | 1998 | ALA10/ ALH10 | 2022 | – | Two-row mid-size luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Highlander. | |
 | RZ | 2022 | EB10 | 2022 | – | Battery electric two-row mid-size luxury crossover SUV that shares the e-TNGA platform with the Toyota bZ4X. | |
 | TX | 2023 | AU10 | 2023 | – | Three-row full-size luxury crossover that shares its platform with the Toyota Grand Highlander. Available exclusively for the North American market. | |
| Body-on-frame SUV |  | GX | 2002 | J250 | 2023 | – | Mid-size luxury SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. |
 | LX | 1995 | J310 | 2021 | – | Full-size luxury SUV based on the Toyota Land Cruiser. | |
| MPV/ minivan |  | LM | 2020 | AW10 | 2023 | – | Three-row luxury minivan based on the Toyota Alphard. |
| Model | Introduced | Discontinued | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lexus CT | 2011 | 2022 | |
| Lexus GS | 1993 | 2020 | |
| Lexus HS | 2009 | 2018 | |
| Lexus LFA | 2010 | 2012 | |
| Lexus SC | 1991 | 2010 | |
| Lexus CT | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | CT 200h | ZWA10 | 1.8 L 2ZR-FXE I4 | 2010–2022 | Compact hybrid hatchback |  |
| Lexus ES | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | ES 250 | Camry Prominent | VZV21 | 2.5 L 2VZ-FE V6 | 1989–1991 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| II | ES 300 | Windom | VCV10 | 3.0L 3VZ-FE V6 | 1991–1996 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| III | ES 300 | Windom | MCV20 | 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 | 1996–2001 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| IV | ES 300 ES 330 | Windom | MCV30 | 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6 | 2001–2006 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| V | ES 240 ES 350 | ACV40 GSV40 | 2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 | 2006–2012 | Mid-size sedan |  | |
| VI | ES 200 ES 250 ES 300h ES 350 | ASV61 ASV60 AVV60 GSV60 | 2.0 L 6AR-FSE I4 2.5 L 2AR-FE I4 2.5 L 2AR-FXE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 | 2012–2018 | Mid-size sedan |  | |
| VII | ES 200 ES 250 (ES 260 in China) ES 300h ES 350 | ASZ10 AXZA10 AXZH10 GSZ10 | 2.0 L 6AR-FSE I4 2.5 L A25A-FKS I4 2.5 L A25A-FXS I4 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 | 2018–present | Mid-size sedan |  | |
| Lexus GS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | GS 300 | Aristo | JZS147 | 3.0 L 2JZ-GE I6 | 1993-1997 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| II | GS 300 GS 400 GS 430 | Aristo | JZS160 UZS160 UZS161 | 3.0 L 2JZ-GE I6 4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8 4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 | 1997–2005 | Mid-size sedan |  |
| III | GS 300 GS 430 GS 450h GS 350 GS 460 | GRS190 UZS190 GWS191 GRS191 URS190 | 3.0 L 3GR-FSE V6 3.5 L 2GR-FSE V6 4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8 | 2005–2011 | Mid-size sedan |  | |
| IV | GS 200t/GS 300 GS 300h GS 250 GS 350 GS 450h GS F | ARL10 AWL10 GRL11 GRL10/15 GWL10 URL10 | 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 2.5 L 2AR-FSE I4 2.5 L 4GR-FSE V6 3.5 L 2GR-FSE / 2GR-FKS V6 3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 5.0 L 2UR-GSE V8 | 2011–2020 | Mid-size sedan |  | |
| Lexus HS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | HS 250h | ANF10 | 2.4L 2AZ-FXE I4 | 2009–2018 | Compact hybrid sedan |  |
| Lexus IS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | IS 200 IS 300 SportCross | Altezza | GXE10 JCE10 | 2.0 L 1G-FE I6 3.0 L 2JZ-GE I6 | 1998–2005 | Compact sedan Compact hatchback/wagon |  |
| II | IS 200d IS 220d IS 250/IS 250C IS 300/IS 300C IS 350/IS 350C IS F | ALE20 GSE20/25 GSE22 GSE21 USE20 | 2.2 L 2AD-FHV I4 2.5 L 4GR-FSE V6 3.0 L 3GR-FE V6 3.5 L 2GR-FSE V6 5.0 L 2UR-GSE V8 | 2005–2013 | Compact sedan Compact coupé convertible |   | |
| III | IS 200t/IS 300 IS 250 IS 300h IS 300 AWD/IS 350 IS 500 F Sport Performance | ASE30 GSE30/35 ASE30/35 GSE31/36/37 USE30 | 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 2.5 L 4GR-FSE V6 2.5 L 2AR-FSE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FSE V6 5.0 L 2UR-GSE V8 | 2013–present | Compact sedan |  | |
| Lexus LS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LS 400 | Celsior | UCF10 | 4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8 | 1989–1994 | Full-size sedan |  |
| II | LS 400 | Celsior | UCF20 | 4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8 | 1994–2000 | Full-size sedan |  |
| III | LS 430 | Celsior | UCF30 | 4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 | 2000–2006 | Full-size sedan |  |
| IV | LS 460 LS 460 L LS 600h LS 600h L | USF40/41 UVF45/46 | 4.6 L 1UR-FSE V8 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8 5.0 L 2UR-FSE V8 | 2006–2017 | Full-size sedan |  | |
| V | LS 350 (China-only) LS 500 LS 500h | GSF50 VXFA50/55 GVF50/55 | 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 3.4 L V35A-FTS V6 3.5 L 8GR-FXS V6 | 2017–present | Full-size sedan |  | |
| Lexus LC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LC 500 LC 500h | URZ100 GWZ100 | 5.0 L 2UR-GSE V8 3.5 L 8GR-FXS V6 | 2017–present | Grand tourer |  |
| Lexus LFA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LFA | LFA10 | 4.8 L 1LR-GUE V10 | 2010–2012 | Sports car |  |
| Lexus RC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | RC 200t/RC 300 RC 300h RC 350 RC F | ASC10/15 AVC10 GSC10/15 USC10 | 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 2.5 L 2AR-FSE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FSE V6 5.0 L 2UR-GSE V8 | 2014–present | Compact coupé |  |
| Lexus SC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | SC 400 SC 300 | Soarer | UZZ31 JZZ31 | 4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8 3.0 L 2JZ-GE I6 | 1991–2000 | Grand tourer |  |
| II | SC 430 | Soarer | UZZ40 | 4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8 | 2001–2010 | Grand tourer |  |
| Lexus LBX | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LBX | MAYH10 MAYH15 | M15A-FXE | 2023–present | Subcompact crossover SUV |  |
| Lexus NX | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | NX200 NX 200t/NX 300 NX 300h | ZGZ10 AGZ10/15 AYZ10 | 2.0 L 3ZR-FAE I4 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 2.5 L 2AR-FXE I4 | 2014–2021 | Compact crossover SUV |  |
| II | NX250 NX350 NX350h/NX450h+ | AAZA20/25 TAZA25 AAZH20/25/26 | 2.5 L A25A-FKS I4 2.4 L T24A-FTS I4 2.5 L A25A-FXS I4 | 2021–present | Compact crossover SUV |  |
| Lexus RZ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | RZ 450e RZ 300e | XEBM10 XEBM15 | 2023–present | Compact crossover SUV |  | |
| Lexus RX | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | RX 300 | Harrier | MCU10/15 | 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 | 1997–2003 | Compact crossover SUV |  |
| II | RX 300 RX 330 RX 350 RX 400h | Harrier | MCU33/38 GSU30/35 MHU33/38 | 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 | 2003–2008 | Mid-size crossover SUV |  |
| III | RX 270 RX 350 RX 450h | AGL10 GGL10/15 GVL10/15 | 2.7 L 1AR-FE I4 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 | 2008–2015 | Mid-size crossover SUV |  | |
| IV | RX 200t/RX 300 RX 350 RX 450h | AGL20/25 GGL20/25 GYL20/25 | 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 3.5 L 2GR-FXS V6 | 2015–2022 | Mid-size crossover SUV |  | |
| V | RX350 RX350h/RX450h+ RX500h F Sport | TALA10/15 AALH16 TALH17 | 2.5 L A25A-FXS I4 2.4 L T24A-FTS I4 | 2022–present | Mid-size crossover SUV |  | |
| Lexus TX | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | TX 350 TX 500h TX 550h+ | T24A-FTS 2GR-FXS | 2.4 L T24A-FTS turbo I4 3.5 L 2GR-FXS V6 | 2023–present | Full-size crossover SUV |  |
| Lexus UX | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | UX 200 UX 250h (UX 260h in China) UX 300h UX 300e | MZAA10/15 MZAH10/15 | 2.0 L M20A-FKS I4 2.0 L M20A-FXS I4 4KM synchronous motor | 2018–present | Subcompact crossover SUV |  |
| Lexus GX | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | GX 470 | Land Cruiser Prado | UZJ120 | 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 | 2002–2009 | Full-size SUV |  |
| II | GX 460 GX 400 | Land Cruiser Prado | URJ150 GRJ150 | 4.6 L 3UR-FE V8 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 | 2009–2023 | Full-size SUV |  |
| III | GX 550 | Land Cruiser Prado/250 | TJA250 VJA250 | 2.4 L T24A-FTS turbo hybrid I4 3.4 L V35A-FTS twin-turbo V6 | 2023–present | Full-size SUV |  |
| Lexus LX | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LX 450 | Land Cruiser | FZJ80 | 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 | 1995–1997 | Full-size SUV |  |
| II | LX 470 | Land Cruiser Cygnus | UZJ100 | 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 | 1998–2007 | Full-size SUV |  |
| III | LX 450d LX 460 LX 470 LX 570 | Land Cruiser | VDJ200 URJ200 UZJ200 | 4.5 L 1VD-FTV V8 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 | 2007–2021 | Full-size SUV |  |
| IV | LX 500d LX 600 | Land Cruiser | FJA310 VJA310 | 3.3 L F33A-FTV V6 3.4 L V35A-FTS V6 | 2021–present | Full-size SUV |  |
| Lexus LM | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | Model name | Toyota name | Chassis code | Engine | Production (calendar years) | Class | Image |
| I | LM 350 LM 300h | Alphard | GGH31 AYH36 | 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 2.5 L 2AR-FXE I4 | 2019–2023 | Minivan |  |
| II | LM 350h LM 500h | AAWH10 AAWH15 TAWH15 | 2.5 L A25A-FKS I4 2.4 L T24A-FTS I4 | 2023–present | Minivan |  | |
Lexus production model names use the following capital letters: [7]
Additional letters indicate powertrain type, or special category: [9]
Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. The Lexus brand is marketed in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide and is Japan's largest-selling make of premium cars. It has ranked among the 10 largest Japanese global brands in market value. Lexus is headquartered in Nagoya, Japan. Operational centers are located in Brussels, Belgium, and Plano, Texas, United States.
The Lexus GS was an executive car manufactured and marketed by Lexus across four generations — launched in 1991 as the Toyota Aristo in Japan and as the Lexus GS for markets outside the Japanese market beginning in February 1993. It continued with the Toyota Aristo name for the Japanese market until January 2005.
The Lexus IS is a compact executive car sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota, since 1998. The IS was originally sold under the Toyota Altezza nameplate in Japan from 1998. The IS was introduced as an entry-level sport model positioned below the ES in the Lexus lineup.
The Lexus ES is a series of mid-size executive cars marketed since 1989 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota, across multiple generations, each offering V6 engines and a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. The first five generations of the ES used the Toyota Camry platform, while the latter generations are more closely related to both the Camry and the Avalon. Manual transmissions were offered until 1993, a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010, and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012. The ES was Lexus's only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998, when the related RX was introduced, and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the IS in 1999. The ES name stands for "Executive Sedan". However, some Lexus importers use the name, "Elegant Sedan".
Toyota Motor Corporation's A family is a family of automatic FWD/RWD/4WD/AWD transmissions built by Aisin-Warner. They share much in common with Volvo's AW7* and Aisin-Warner's 03-71* transmissions, which are found in Suzukis, Mitsubishis, and other Asian vehicles.
The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, a timing chain, and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection, and others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S.
Toyota Motor Corporation's U family is a family of automatic front-wheel drive/rear-wheel drive/four-wheel drive transmissions found in later vehicle models.
The Lexus LF line is a series of concept cars built by Lexus, the luxury vehicle division of Toyota Motor Corporation. The "LF" designation refers to Lexus Future. The LF Series vehicles features coupes/convertibles, including: the LF-A, the LF-A Roadster, LF-LC, LF-CC, and the LF-C; sedans: the LF-S, LF-Sh, and LF-Gh; crossover SUVs: the LF-X and LF-Xh; and hatchbacks: the LF-Ch. The first concept vehicle of the LF Series, the LF-X, appeared in 2003. The LF Series utilizes L-finesse, a design philosophy named for "Leading Edge" and "finesse", which debuted on the LF Series concepts and later extended to all new production Lexus vehicles. New vehicle technologies on the LF Series include advanced instrumentation, multiple driver-selected vehicle configurations, hybrid and experimental powertrains, and unconventional driver interface designs. The vehicles also feature new design cues which derive from the L-finesse design language of "Intriguing Elegance" (純), "Incisive Simplicity" (妙), and "Seamless Anticipation" (予). Several of the LF concept vehicles have appeared close to their production counterparts, while the design cues of other LF concepts appeared on more distinctly different production vehicles.
The Lexus F and F-Sport marque is the high-performance division of cars produced by Lexus. The F is short for flagship and Fuji Speedway, the chief test site of Lexus performance vehicle development in Oyama, Suntō District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Electronically controlled brake (ECB) developed by Toyota Motor Corporation initially for its hybrid and Lexus models, is the world's first production brake-by-wire braking system. The ECB went on sale in Japan in June 2001, first appearing on the Toyota Estima hybrid, and making its North American debut with the launch of the Lexus RX 400h SUV in April 2005. The ECB is an integral part of the company's Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management stability control system, by allowing for automatic brake adjustments, which work in conjunction with variable gear-ratio electric power steering systems.
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) is an integrated vehicle handling and software control system developed by Toyota. It involves an omnibus computer linkage of traction control, electronic stability control, electronic steering, and other systems, with the intent of improving responsiveness to driver input, performance, and overall safety. The system was first introduced in the Japanese domestic market in July 2004, when Toyota debuted VDIM on the Toyota Crown Majesta. This was followed by the VDIM's export debut on the third generation Lexus GS, which was launched in 2005. VDIM integrates the company's Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB), Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS), Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), Traction Control (TRC) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) active safety systems with the Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), Electric Power Steering (EPS) and Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) systems which previously worked independently using proprietary software. This way all the systems function together rather than the ECU prioritizing which is the most important. VDIM was initially designed for rear-wheel drive cars.
Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System (APSSS), is an electric active suspension system with active anti-roll bars developed by Toyota Motor Corporation for its high-end vehicles including Lexus models. By altering stabilizer bar stiffness, this system acts to reduce body tilt during cornering, keeping the vehicle more level during turns and improving handling, as opposed to the natural tendency of a vehicle to roll due to the lateral forces experienced during high-speed maneuvering. The active stabilizer system relies on vehicle body sensors and electric motors. The first production usage of this system was introduced in August 2005 with the Lexus GS430 sport sedan, followed by the 2008 Lexus LS 600h luxury sedan. The development of APSSS is claimed to be the world's first electric active stabilizer system. It is a system improvement of an earlier Toyota technology called Toyota TEMS (Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension).
The Lexus GS (S190) is the third generation of the Lexus GS line of executive cars. Sold by Lexus from 2005 to 2011, the line includes multiple V6, V8, and hybrid models. A concept model for the GS line, the LF-S, debuted in late 2003 at the Tokyo Motor Show. The third generation GS first appeared as a pre-production vehicle at the 2004 North American International Auto Show in Detroit with the production version being shown a year later at the 2005 show. The initial lineup featured V6 and V8 engines with rear-wheel drive, and for the first time on a Lexus sedan, the option of all-wheel drive with the V6-powered GS 300 and GS 350 models. The GS 450h performance hybrid joined the lineup in 2006.
The Lexus IS (XE20) is the second generation of the Lexus IS line of compact executive cars. Sold by Lexus since 2005, the line includes multiple V6 gasoline-powered models, in four-door sedan and two-door coupé convertible body styles. Additional sedan models also feature inline-four diesel powertrains, and an F marque version, the IS F, features a V8 engine. A pre-production car of the second generation IS model was first shown at the 2005 Geneva Auto Show, with the production version debuting at the 2005 New York Auto Show. The second generation was only available as a sedan until the two-door coupé convertible variants debuted in 2008.
The Lexus RX is a luxury crossover SUV sold since 1998 by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota. Originally released in its home market of Japan in late 1997 as the Toyota Harrier, export sales began in March 1998 as the Lexus RX.
The Lexus RC is a compact executive two-door GT coupé manufactured by Lexus, Toyota's luxury division. The RC which according to Lexus stands for "Radical Coupe" is a two-door coupé version of the Lexus IS (XE30). The RC is designated as the XC10 series. The RC borrowed styling from the LF-LC concept and was previewed by the LF-CC concept, being designed as a proposal by Pansoo Kwon from 2010 to early 2012 and approved by supervising designers Yasuo Kajino and Tatsuya Takei.
The Lexus NX is a compact luxury crossover SUV sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota. Introduced in late 2014, it is positioned between the subcompact UX and the mid-size RX in Lexus’ crossover SUV lineup.
E-Four, eFour, AWD-i, or AWD-e was developed by Toyota. Front wheels are powered directly by the hybrid powertrain, rear wheels are powered by a dedicated electric motor with its own power control unit, reduction gear and differential. Amount of torque transferred to the rear wheels is automatically adjusted by the vehicle's electronic control unit according to driving conditions. E-Four also adds additional regenerative braking. In North America, Toyota uses the term AWD-i. There is no drive shaft between the front combustion engine and rear wheels. The rear wheels only receive power and torque from the rear electric motor(s).
The Dynamic Force engines are a family of internal combustion engines developed by Toyota under the brand's Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA) strategy. The engines can be fueled by petrol (gasoline) or ethanol and can be combined with electric motors in a hybrid drivetrain. The engines were developed alongside the TNGA family of vehicle platforms, as part of a company-wide effort to simplify the vehicles being produced by Toyota.
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