List of Mongol rulers

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8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire. Emperoryuandinastycollage.jpg
8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation Mongol Empire map.gif
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation
Imperial Seal of the Mongols Imperial Seal of the Mongols 1246.svg
Imperial Seal of the Mongols
Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan.jpg
Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Contents

Before Genghis Khan

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese :皇帝; pinyin :Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

RulerReignInformation
Genghis Khan 1206 - 1227The first Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Tolui Khan 1227 - 1229Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan.
Ögedei Khan 13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241The second Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Töregene Khatun 1242 - 1246Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan.
Güyük Khan 24 August 1246 – 20 April 1248The third Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Oghul Qaimish 1248 - 1251Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251.
Möngke Khan 1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Ariq Böke 11 August 1259 – 12 August 1264Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War.
Kublai Khan 18 December 1271 – 18 February 1294The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Temür Khan 10 May 1294 – 10 February 1307The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Külüg Khan 21 June 1307 – 27 January 1311The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan 7 April 1311 – 1 March 1320The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Gegeen Khan 19 April 1320 – 4 September 1323The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yesün Temür 4 October 1323 – 15 August 1328The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ragibagh Khan October 1328 - 14 November 1328The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür 16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329. [1] (first reign)
8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332 (second reign)		The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan Kusala 27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal Khan 23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Toghon Temür 19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368 [1] The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde

Left wing (White Horde)

Ögedei Khanate

Kaydu Ulus

Yenisei Kingdom

Right wing (Blue Horde)

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

RulerReignInformation
Batu Khan 1227 - 1255The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde).
Sartaq Khan 1256 - 1257The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi 1257The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism.
Berke Khan 1257 - 1266The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur 1266 - 1280The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke 1280 - 1287The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga 1287 - 1291The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta 1291 - 1312The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan 1313 - 1341The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg 1341 - 1342The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg 1342 - 1357The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg 1357 - 1359The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Qulpa August 1359 - February 1360The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg 1360The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan 1360 - 1361The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja 1361The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik 1361The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg 1361 - 1362The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh 1361 - 1370The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum 1370 - 1371The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan 1370/1371 - 1379The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak 1379 - 1380The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

Ilkhanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

Chobanids (1335–1357)

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

Injuids (1335–1357)

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

.

Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

Jasagtu Khans

Sechen Khans

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Oirats

Four Oirat (1399–1634)

Dzungar Khanate

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

RulerPhotoSealReignInformation
Bogd Khan Bogd Khan (1).jpg Seal of Bogd Khan.svg 29 December 1911 – 20 May 1924The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.

See also

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 Moule 1957, p. 104.

Sources

  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
  • Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949 . London: Routledge. OCLC   223359908.
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