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Apart from France, established Jewish populations exist in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland. With the original medieval populations wiped out by the Black Death and the pogroms that followed it, the current Dutch and Belgian communities originate in the Jewish expulsion from Spain and Portugal, while a Swiss community was only established after emancipation in 1874. However, the vast majority of the population in the Netherlands and a large proportion of the one in Belgium were murdered in the Holocaust, and much of the modern Jewish population of these countries (as well as of Switzerland) derives from post-Holocaust arrivals from other parts of Europe. Here is a list of some prominent Jews in western Europe, arranged by country of origin.
^ Of the 12 members of the 1928 Olympics Dutch Women's Gymnastics Team –the first ever women's gymnastics gold medalists –five were Jewish. All but Levie were murdered in the Holocaust.
A member of a wealthy Italian Jewish family
The Cimitero Monumentale is one of the two largest cemeteries in Milan, Italy, the other one being the Cimitero Maggiore. It is noted for the abundance of artistic tombs and monuments.
The Pisa University System is a network of higher education institutions in Pisa, Italy. The following three schools and universities belong to the system:
Levi or Lévi is a Jewish surname. It is a transliteration of the Hebrew word לוי. Another spelling of the name is Levy. According to Jewish tradition, people with the surname have patrilineal descent from the Levites of the Bible. In 2019, it was revealed as the second most common surname in Israel.
Günzburg is a surname of Swabian origin. Ginsberg, Ginsburg, Gensburg, Ginsburgh, Ginzberg, Ginzborg, and Ginzburg are variants of the surname.