History of the Jews in Monaco

Last updated

The location of Monaco (dark green, in circle) in Europe Location Monaco Europe.png
The location of Monaco (dark green, in circle) in Europe

The history of the Jews in Monaco goes back at least a century, most notably to the time of the Holocaust. Monaco had a very small Jewish presence before World War II, numbering approximately 300 people. [1] During the war, the principality's government issued false identity papers to its Jewish residents to protect them from Nazi deportation. [2] Prince Louis II refused to dismiss Jewish civil servants and protected Édouard de Rothschild from deportation. [3] However, Monaco's police arrested and turned over 42 Central European Jewish refugees to the Nazis. [1] Sixty Jews were arrested 27–28 August 1942, and ninety in total, according to The Algemeiner. [4]

Contents

In 1948, the Association Cultuelle Israelite de Monaco was founded as the official organization of Monaco's Jewish community, and it provides the community with a synagogue, Hebrew school and kosher food store. [2] Today's Jewish community in Monaco consists primarily of retirees from France and the United Kingdom, and there is also a small population of North African and Turkish Jews. [5]

While Monaco has almost no Jewish citizens, approximately 1,000 Jewish expatriates of other countries comprise about 2.86% of Monaco's total residents (citizen and non-citizen combined). [6] This means Monaco has the highest per capita total of Jewish residents of any country in the world outside Israel (though not the highest per capita number of Jewish citizens).

Monaco has full diplomatic relations with Israel. [2]

World War II monument and apology

In August 2015, Prince Albert II apologized for the role of Monaco in deporting Jews to Nazi Germany's concentration camps. A monument dedicated to Monaco Jews who were so deported was unveiled by the Prince during that occasion; it stands at the Monaco Cemetery. [7] [8]

House of Grimaldi

The daughter of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, Charlotte Casiraghi, was in a relationship with Moroccan-Jewish stand-up comedian Gad Elmaleh, who had gained notoriety in France, Morocco and the US. [9] They had a son Raphaël, who was born on 17 December 2013 and was baptized. [10] [11] Since they were not married, Raphaël is not included in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. The couple split in June 2015. [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monaco</span> City-state and microstate on the French Riviera

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by France to the north, east and west. The principality is home to 38,682 residents, of whom 9,486 are Monégasque nationals; it is widely recognised as one of the most expensive and wealthiest places in the world. The official language of the principality is French. In addition, Monégasque, English and Italian are spoken and understood by many residents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis II, Prince of Monaco</span> Prince of Monaco from 1922 to 1949

Louis II was Prince of Monaco from 26 June 1922 to 9 May 1949. He was a maternal third cousin of Princess Alice of Battenberg, the mother in law of Queen Elizabeth II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert II, Prince of Monaco</span> Prince of Monaco since 2005

Albert II is Prince of Monaco, reigning since 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess Caroline of Monaco</span> Princess of Hanover and former Hereditary Princess of Monaco

Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco is Princess of Hanover by marriage to Prince Ernst August. As the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly, she is the elder sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Princess Stéphanie.

This article lists expulsions, refugee crises and other forms of displacement that have affected Jews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Succession to the Monegasque throne</span>

The succession to the throne of the Principality of Monaco is currently governed by Princely Law 1.249 of 2 April 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monaco City</span> Ward in Monaco

Monaco City is the southcentral ward in the Principality of Monaco. Located on a headland that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, it is nicknamed The Rock. The name "Monaco City" is misleading: it is not itself a city, but a historical and statistical district. It holds most of the country's political and judicial institutions: the Prince's Palace, the town hall, the government, the National Council, the Municipal Council, the courts and a prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maghrebi Jews</span> Ethnic group

Maghrebi Jews or North African Jews are ethnic Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa under Arab rule during the Middle Ages. Established Jewish communities had existed in North Africa long before the arrival of Sephardi Jews, expelled from Portugal and Spain. Due to proximity, the term 'Maghrebi Jews' sometimes refers to Egyptian Jews as well, even though there are important cultural differences between the history of Egyptian and Maghrebi Jews. These Jews originating from North Africa constitute the second largest Jewish diaspora group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charlotte Casiraghi</span> Eldest daughter of Princess Caroline of Monaco

Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi is a Monégasque model, socialite, writer, editor, equestrian, journalist, film producer, and humanitarian. She is the second child of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Stefano Casiraghi, an Italian industrialist. She is eleventh in line to the throne of Monaco. Her maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. She is named after her maternal great-grandmother, Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Casiraghi</span> Member of Monegasque royal family

Andrea Albert Pierre Casiraghi is the elder son of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and her second husband Stefano Casiraghi. He is the eldest grandchild of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. Casiraghi is currently fourth in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, following his twin cousins and his mother.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International response to the Holocaust</span> Aftermath and reaction to the Holocaust by national governments and international bodies

In the decades since the Holocaust, some national governments, international bodies and world leaders have been criticized for their failure to take appropriate action to save the millions of European Jews, Roma, and other victims of the Holocaust. Critics say that such intervention, particularly by the Allied governments, might have saved substantial numbers of people and could have been accomplished without the diversion of significant resources from the war effort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gad Elmaleh</span> French-Moroccan comedian and actor

Gad Elmaleh is a Moroccan Canadian stand-up comedian and actor who achieved fame in France, Morocco and the United States. He is best known in the French-speaking world and more recently in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Jews in Finland</span> Aspect of history

The history of the Jews in Finland goes back to the 1700s. The country is home to some 1,800 Jews, of which 1,400 live in the Greater Helsinki area and 200 in Turku. Most Jews in Finland have Finnish or Swedish as their mother tongue, and many speak Yiddish, German, Russian and Hebrew. Jews originally came to Finland as Russian soldiers who stayed in Finland in the 19th century after their military service ended. There are Jewish congregations in Helsinki and Turku with their own synagogues built in 1906 and 1912. The Wiborg Synagogue built 1910–1911 was destroyed in air bombings during the first day of the Winter War in 30 November 1939. There has been relatively little antisemitism in Finland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berber Jews</span> Berber-speaking Jewish people in North Africa

Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Maghreb, in North Africa, who historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel.

<i>Algemeiner Journal</i> 1972 New York City newspaper covering Jewish and Israel-related news

The Algemeiner Journal, known informally as The Algemeiner, is a newspaper based in New York City that covers American and international Jewish and Israel-related news.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Holocaust in France</span>

The Holocaust in France was the persecution, deportation, and annihilation of Jews and Roma between 1940 and 1944 in occupied France, metropolitan Vichy France, and in Vichy-controlled French North Africa, during World War II. The persecution began in 1940, and culminated in deportations of Jews from France to Nazi concentration camps in Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied Poland. The deportation started in 1942 and lasted until July 1944. Of the 340,000 Jews living in metropolitan/continental France in 1940, more than 75,000 were deported to death camps, where about 72,500 were murdered.

Wieluń, Poland is a small town situated in the south of central Poland, between the large cities of Łódź and Kraków. A Jewish presence in Wieluń was recorded from the early part of the 16th century (1537). Before World War II (1939–1945), Wielun had a large Jewish community, which was completely destroyed by the Nazis between 1940 and 1944.

The Mimouna Association is a Moroccan non-profit organization dedicated to preserving Moroccan Jewish heritage and culture.

The Axis Occupation of Monaco was the Italian and German occupation of the Principality of Monaco during the Second World War. It began with the Invasion of Monaco on 11 of November 1942, by the Italians where they set up a puppet administration.

The invasion and occupation of Monaco refers to the presence of Italian and German forces between 1940 and 1944 on the territory of the Principality of Monaco and the control they exerted within the territory.

References

  1. 1 2 Michael Curtis (2003). Verdict on Vichy. Arcade Publishing. p. 231. ISBN   1-55970-689-9.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Monaco". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  3. "Monaco". European Jewish Congress. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  4. "The Algemeiner".
  5. "The Jewish Community of Monaco". Am Yisrael. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  6. "The International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Monaco". United States Department of State. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
  7. "Prince Albert apologises for Monaco's role in deporting Jews to Nazi camps". the Guardian. Associated Press. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
  8. "Prince Albert of Monaco Apologizes for Nazi Deportation of Jews". The Forward. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  9. "Film fest gala a spicy melting pot for Sephardic Jews". Jewish Journal. November 17, 2010. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  10. Cohen, Anne. "Monaco Gets Its Own (Jewish) Royal Baby". The Forward. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  11. Cohen, Anne. "No Jewish Royal Baby — Gad Elmaleh's Son Baptized". The Forward. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  12. "Gad Elmaleh Confirms Split from Charlotte Casiraghi". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved December 27, 2020.