Genus | Status | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
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† Acanthacanthus [1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian). [1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [1] | A vesperaliid based on scales. [2] | |
† Acanthodopsis | Valid. | Carboniferous. [3] | Europe, Australia. [3] | An unusual acanthodid with tooth-like ossifications on its jaws. [3] | |
† Acanthopora [1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian). [1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [1] | A small ischnacanthid similar to Poracanthodes . [1] | |
† Acanthospina [1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian). [1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [1] | A probable ischnacanthiform with scales similar to hybodontiform sharks. [1] [3] | |
† Acanthodes | Valid. | Devonian? to Cisuralian (Early Permian). [4] | Europe, North America, China? | One of the most well-known acanthodians, a filter-feeding acanthodid acanthodiform. | |
† Acritolepis [1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian). [1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [1] | Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Acritolepidae. [2] [5] | |
† Aganacanthus | Valid or junior synonym. | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous. | Scotland. | A possible gyracanthid known from a single worn fin spine, may be an indeterminate gnathostome or a junior synonym of Gyracanthus . [6] | |
† Altacollum [7] | Valid. | Famennian (Late Devonian). | Belarus, Greenland. | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. | |
† Angelacanthus [8] | Valid. | Famennian (Late Devonian). | South Africa. | A diplacanthid based on a nearly complete specimen. | |
† Ankylacanthus [9] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [9] | Canada. [9] | An acanthodian based on fin spines, possibly one of the oldest gyracanthids. | |
† Antacanthus | Nomen dubium? | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous. [10] | Belgium. [10] | A possible gyracanthid known from a single fin spine. [11] [6] | |
† Antarctonchus [12] | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian). [12] | Antarctica. [12] | An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts. [12] | |
† Apateacanthus | Valid. | Late Devonian. [3] | New York, U.S.A. [3] | Based on a fin spine with large denticles, sometimes mistaken for an ischnacanthiform jaw. [3] | |
† Archaeacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). [13] | Europe. [13] | Based on fin spines common in Middle Devonian strata of Siberia and Northeastern Europe. [13] | |
† Arcticacanthus [1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian). [1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [1] | A possible ischnacanthid based on scales. [1] | |
† Arenaceacanthus [14] | Valid. | Wenlock to early Pridoli (Silurian). [15] [14] | Lithuania. [14] | A probable ischnacanthid based on scales, common in Lithuania. [14] | |
† Atopacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). [16] [17] | North America, Europe, [16] Iran. [17] | A widespread and long-lived ischnacanthid. [16] | |
† Brachyacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [18] | Scotland. [19] | A small climatiid [18] from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. [19] | |
† Bracteatacanthus [14] | Valid. | Latest Pridoli (latest Silurian). [15] [14] | Lithuania. [14] | A probable ischnacanthid based on scales. [14] | |
† Brochoadmones | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [20] | Canada. [20] | A deep-bodied and well-preserved "climatiiform" from the Man-On-The-Hill (MOTH) locality in the MacKenzie Mountains of Canada. [20] | |
† Bryantonchus [21] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [21] | U.S.A. [21] | A probable diplacanthiform based on fin spines. [21] | |
† Byssacanthoides | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian). [12] | Antarctica. [12] | An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts. [12] | |
† Cacheacanthus [21] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [21] | U.S.A. [21] | Based on ischnacanthid jaw fragments from the western United States. [21] | |
† Campylodus | Nomen dubium? | Ludlow [22] to Lochkovian? [23] (late Silurian to earliest Devonian)? | Europe. [22] [23] | Jaw fragments probably belonging to indeterminate ischnacanthiforms. [22] [23] | |
† Canadalepis | Valid. | Lochkovian? [24] to Emsian (Early Devonian). [25] [26] | Asia, [25] Australia, [26] Canada. [24] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [25] [26] [24] | |
† Carycinacanthus | Junior synonym. [4] | Tournaisian (earliest Mississippian / Carboniferous). [4] | Russia. [4] | A junior synonym of Acanthodes lopatini . [4] | |
† Cassidiceps [27] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [27] | Canada. [27] | A toothless, deep-bodied MOTH locality acanthodian with complex head armor. [27] Probably closely related to the acanthodiforms. [28] | |
† Cheiracanthoides | Valid. | Pridoli to Frasnian (latest Silurian to Late Devonian). [15] [29] | Worldwide. | A widespread and long-lasting possible climatiid based on scales. [29] | |
† Cheiracanthus | Valid. | Middle Devonian. [30] | Europe. [30] | The fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Cheiracanthidae. [30] | |
† Climatius | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [31] | U.K., [31] [32] Portugal. [23] | The namesake of the family Climatiidae. [31] | |
† Culmacanthus | Valid. | Givetian to Frasnian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). [33] [34] | Australia, [33] [34] Antarctica. [12] | A distinctive diplacanthiform with reduced intermediate spines and large cheek plates. [33] [34] | |
† Devononchus | Valid. | Givetian [13] to Famennian [35] (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). | Europe. | Based on fin spines and scales common in the areas corresponding to Baltica. | |
† Diplacanthus | Valid. | Middle Devonian [36] to Late Devonian. [37] | Scotland, [36] Russia, [1] South Africa, [37] Canada? [36] | The widespread, long-lasting, and fairly common namesake of the family Diplacanthidae and order Diplacanthiformes. [36] | |
† Doliodus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Emsian (Early Devonian). [38] | Canada. [39] [38] | A spiny stem-chondrichthyan which acts as a transitional form between acanthodians and non-acanthodian traditional chondrichthyans. [39] [40] | |
† Eifellepis | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [24] | Germany, Belgium. [24] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [2] | |
† Erriwacanthus | Valid. | Pragian (Early Devonian). [41] | U.K., Ukraine. [42] | A climatiid with large and complex spines on its shoulder girdle. [42] | |
† Endemolepis | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (latest Silurian to Early Devonian). [14] | Europe. [14] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [14] | |
† Erymnacanthus [43] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [43] | Canada. [43] | A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid. [43] | Erymnacanthus clivus jaw cast |
† Eupleurogmus | Nomen dubium. [44] | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous? [44] | Australia. [44] | A dubious taxon based on Acanthodes -like scales. [44] | |
† Euryacanthus [43] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [43] | Canada. [43] | A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid. [43] | |
† Euthacanthus | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian). [32] | U.K. [32] | A slender acanthodian of uncertain affinities, despite its well-described anatomy. [45] | |
† Fallodentus [46] | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian). [46] | Scotland. [46] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform closely related to Homalacanthus . [46] | |
† Fanjingshania [47] | Valid. | Aeronian (Early Silurian, Llandovery Epoch). [47] | China. [47] | A climatiiform, one of the earliest known acanthodean genus. [47] | Fanjingshania fin spine |
† Fecundosquama [14] | Valid. | Pridoli (late Silurian). [15] | Lithuania. [14] | A tchunacanthid [2] based on scales. [14] | |
† Florestacanthus [48] | Valid. | Late Frasnian to early Famennian (Late Devonian). [48] | Colombia. [48] | A diplacanthid diplacanthiform and one of the few acanthodians endemic to northwestern Gondwana (now South America). [48] | |
† Funicristata [49] | Valid | Silurian (Přidolí) | U.S.A. (Nevada) [49] | An acanthodian of uncertain affinities, based on scales. | |
† Gemuendolepis | Valid? | Early Devonian. [50] | Germany. [51] | A poorly-described taxon based on scales. | |
† Ginkgolepis [52] | Valid. | Eifelian to Famennian? (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). [52] | Estonia, Russia. [52] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform based on scales. [52] | |
† Gladbachus | Valid (non-acanthodian?). | Givetian (Middle Devonian). [53] | Germany. [53] | A large filter-feeding stem-chondrichthyan, sometimes positioned among acanthodians despite its very dissimilar anatomy. [53] | |
† Gladiobranchus | Junior synonym? [54] | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [55] | Canada. [55] | A well-preserved diplacanthiform which may be synonymous with Uraniacanthus curtus . [54] | |
† Gomphacanthus [56] | Nomen dubium? | Carboniferous. | England. [56] | A possible gyracanthid based on a worn fin spine. [57] | |
† Gomphonchoporus | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [58] | Europe, [58] Australia, [59] Canada, [60] Greenland. [41] | A widespread poracanthodid based on scales. [58] | |
† Gomphonchus | Valid. | Ludlow to Emsian? (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [58] [61] | Europe, [58] Australia?, China? [61] | A widespread ischnacanthid primarily based on scales. [58] | |
† Granulacanthus [62] | Valid. | Late Wenlock or early Ludlow (Silurian). [62] | Canada. [62] | A possible ischnacanthiform [22] based on distinctive fin spines. [62] | |
† Grenfellacanthus [63] | Valid. | Latest Famennian (latest Devonian). [63] | Australia. [63] | One of the youngest and largest ischnacanthids, nearly a meter in length. [63] | |
† Gyracanthides | Valid. | Pragian to Visean (Early Devonian to Mississippian). [6] | Worldwide. [6] | A long-lasting and widespread gyracanthid with flattened fin spines. [11] [6] | |
† Gyracanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian to Moscovian (Early Devonian to Pennsylvanian) [6] | Europe, North America, Bolivia? [6] | The long-lasting namesake of the family Gyracanthidae. [6] | |
† Hanilepis | Valid. | Late Ludlow (late Silurian). [64] | China. [64] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [64] | |
† Halimacanthodes [65] | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [65] | Australia. [65] | A howittacanthid acanthodiform, the only acanthodian known from the Gogo Formation lagerstätte. [65] | |
† Haplacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). [13] [35] | Europe, Greenland. [13] | A cheiracanthid [46] acanthodiform based on fin spines common in the areas corresponding to Baltica. [13] | |
† Helenacanthus | Valid? (non-acanthodian) [3] | Emsian (Early Devonian). [21] | Wyoming, U.S.A. [3] | Has historically been considered acanthodian material, but probably armor from an actinolepid placoderm instead. [3] | |
† Helolepis | Junior synonym. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [26] | Ohio, U.S.A. [26] | A junior synonym of Cheiracanthoides comptus . [66] | |
† Homacanthus | Junior synonym? | Eifelian (Middle Devonian) [13] to Pennsylvanian? [39] | Europe, [13] North America? [39] | An acanthodian based on fin spines, though many of its species and specimens have been reassigned to other taxa. [36] [39] | |
† Homalacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [67] | Canada. [67] | A cheiracanthid [46] acanthodiform known to have played a large role in the food chain of the Miguasha Lagerstätte. [67] | |
† Howittacanthus [44] | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [44] | Australia. [44] | The abundant namesake of the acanthodiform family Howittacanthidae. [68] [65] | |
† Iranolepis [69] | Valid. | Early Frasnian (Late Devonian). [69] | Iran. [69] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [69] | |
† Ischnacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [70] | U.K., [32] [70] Portugal. [23] | The abundant namesake of the ischnacanthiforms. [70] | |
† Kathemacanthus [27] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [27] | Canada. [27] | A Brochoadmones -like acanthodian from the MOTH locality, with a "necklace" of artichoke-shaped scales similar to those of chondrichthyans. [27] [71] | |
† Laliacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [24] [13] | Europe, [13] Saudi Arabia. [24] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [24] | |
† Latviacanthus [72] | Valid. | "upper Lower Devonian" [72] | Latvia. [72] | A possible climatiid with large ischnacanthiform-like jaw plates. [72] [20] | |
† Lenacanthus | Valid. | Early Llandovery (earliest Silurian). [2] | Russia. [2] | A tchunacanthid based on scales, one of the earliest acanthodians. [2] | |
† Lijiangichthys | Valid. | Pragian (Early Devonian). [25] | China. [25] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [25] | |
† Lodeacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [73] | Latvia. [73] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform known from a complete growth series. [73] [74] | |
† Lupopsyroides | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). | Canada. | An acanthodian-like MOTH locality fish with simple scales and no apparent bony skeleton apart from fin spines. | |
† Lupopsyrus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [28] | Canada. [28] | A MOTH locality acanthodian with two rows of enlarged scales on either side of its body. [28] | |
† Machaeracanthus | Valid. | Late Silurian to Eifelian (Middle Devonian). [75] | Worldwide. [75] | A widespread possible ischnacanthiform which occupies its own monotypic family. [75] | Machaeracanthus fin spines |
† Machaeraporus [60] | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [60] | Canada, Europe. [76] [60] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales. [60] | |
† Markacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). [46] | Belarus, Scotland. [46] | A fairly typical cheiracanthid acanthodiform. [46] | |
† Marsdenius | Valid. | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous. [3] | England. [3] | An obscure possible ischnacanthid based on a specimen which is now lost. [3] [62] | |
† Melanoacanthus [74] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [74] | Canada. [74] | A small mesacanthid acanthodiform with broad head plates. [74] | |
† Mesacanthus | Valid. | Early Devonian to Middle Devonian. [77] | Scotland. [77] | The small but fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Mesacanthidae. [77] | |
† Milesacanthus [12] | Valid. | Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian). [12] [69] | Worldwide. [24] | A widespread diplacanthid diplacanthiform. [12] [24] | |
† Minioracanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). [13] | Europe. [13] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [2] | |
† Modicucollum [7] | Valid. | Famennian (Late Devonian). | Belarus. | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. | |
† Monopleurodus | Valid. | Pridoli (late Silurian). | Estonia. [78] | Poorly-known. | |
† Monospina | Valid. | Late Pridoli (latest Silurian). [15] | Latvia, Lithuania. [15] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales. [2] | |
† Nerepisacanthus [22] | Valid. | Ludlow to late Pridoli (late Silurian). [22] [5] | Canada. [5] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform and one of the most well-preserved Silurian acanthodians. [5] | |
† Nobilesquama [2] | Valid. | Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian). [2] | Russia. [2] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [2] | |
† Nodocosta | Valid. | Emsian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian). [21] | Europe, U.S.A. [21] | A possible climatiid based on fin spines. [21] | |
† Nodonchus | Junior synonym? | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). | England, [32] Saudi Arabia? [24] | Based on fin spines, but may be a junior synonym of Parexus . [32] | |
† Nostolepis | Valid. | Wenlock to early Frasnian (mid-Silurian to Late Devonian). [15] [35] | Worldwide. [2] | One of the most widespread, long-lasting, and abundant acanthodians based primarily on scales. [2] | |
† Nostovicina [2] | Valid. | Pridoli to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [2] | Worldwide. [2] | A widespread indeterminate acanthodian based on scales and fin spines. [2] | |
† Obruchevacanthus [79] | Valid. | Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [79] | Spain. [79] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform closely related to Trundlelepis . [79] | |
† Obtusacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [80] | Canada. [80] | An unusual MOTH locality gnathostome, likely an acanthodian closely related to true chondrichthyans. Despite lacking teeth, it was a predator with specialized lip scales. [80] | |
† Onchus | Valid. | Late Llandovery? [81] to Famennian (early Silurian to Late Devonian). [82] | Europe, North America. | A possible ischnacanthiform based on fin spines; may be one of the oldest known acanthodians. [3] | |
† Oracanthus | Valid? | Mississippian. | Europe, North America. | A poorly-known gyracanthid based on fin spines. [11] [6] | |
† Orcadacanthus [83] | Valid. | Middle Devonian. | Scotland. | A small mesacanthid based on species formerly placed in Acanthodes and Mesacanthus . [83] | |
† Paranostolepis | Valid. | Late Devonian. | Canada. | A poorly-known indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [2] | |
† Parexus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [18] | U.K. [18] | A climatiid with a massive first dorsal fin spine. [18] | |
† Paucicanthus [84] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [84] | Canada. [84] | A MOTH locality acanthodian lacking spines on the pectoral and pelvic fins. [84] | |
† Pechoralepis [2] | Valid. | Pridoli to Givetian (late Silurian to Middle Devonian). [2] [85] | Russia, [2] Antarctica. [85] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales. [2] [85] | |
† Peregrinosquama [2] | Valid. | Lower Emsian (Early Devonian). [2] | Russia. [2] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. [2] | |
† Persacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [17] | Iran, Russia, North America. [17] | An ischnacanthid very closely related to Atopacanthus . [17] | |
† Pinnacanthus | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [21] | Wyoming, U.S.A. [21] | An acanthodian based on fin spines. [21] | |
† Plectrodus | Valid. | Ludlow (late Silurian). [32] | England. [32] | An ischnacanthid commonly confused with Ischnacanthus . [23] [32] | |
† Protodus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Late Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian). [86] | Canada. [86] | Chondrichthyan teeth originally misidentified as belonging to acanthodiians, due to their similarity to the teeth of a Nostolepis specimen from Scotland. [86] [87] | |
† Podoliacanthus [41] | Valid. | Pridoli? to Lochkovian (late Silurian? to Early Devonian). [41] | Greenland, Ukraine. [41] | A small ischnacanthid. [41] | |
† Poracanthodes | Valid. | Ludlow? to Pragian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [88] | Europe, North America. [88] | Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Poracanthodidae. [88] [3] | |
† Promesacanthus [89] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [89] | Canada. [89] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the MOTH locality, with small prepectoral spines similar to "climatiiforms". [89] | |
† Protogonacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [44] | Germany. [44] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform preferring a marine environment. [44] | |
† Pruemolepis | Valid? | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [24] [13] | Europe. [24] [13] | A possible climatiid based on scales similar to some species of Nostolepis . [24] | |
† Pseudacanthodes | Valid or junior synonym. | Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous). [90] | Czechia. [90] | An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform, possibly a junior synonym of Traquairichthys . [84] [68] | |
† Ptomacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [91] | England, [91] Ukraine. [92] | One of the few non- Acanthodes acanthodians with a well-described braincase and gill system, helping to clarify the group's relations with other fishes. [91] [92] | |
† Ptychodictyon | Valid. | Emsian to Givetian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [21] | Europe, U.S.A. [21] | A diplacanthid [12] diplacanthiform based on scales. [21] | |
† Pucapampella | Valid (non-acanthodian?). | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). | Bolivia. | A chondrichthyan-like braincase sometimes positioned among acanthodians. [53] | |
† Radioporacanthodes | Valid. | Ludlow to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [76] [25] | Worldwide. [76] [93] [25] [94] | A widespread poracanthodid ischnacanthiform primarily based on scales. [94] | |
† Rhadinacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Famennian? (Early Devonian to Late Devonian). [36] [13] [35] | Europe, China, Canada. [36] [13] | A diplacanthid diplacanthiform similar to, but distinct from, Diplacanthus . [36] | |
† Rockycampacanthus [95] | Valid. | Late Emsian (Early Devonian). [95] | Australia. [95] | A distinctive marine ischnacanthid. [95] | |
† Rohonilepis [14] | Valid. | Ludlow to Pridoli (late Silurian). [14] | Lithuania, [14] Latvia. | A possible ischnacanthid based on scales. [14] | |
† Sabrinacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [32] | England. [32] | A climatiid with a large shoulder girdle. [23] | |
† Serpensiugum [7] | Valid. | Famennian (Late Devonian). | Belarus. | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. | |
† Serradentus [96] | Valid. | Late Givetian (Middle Devonian). [96] | Spitsbergen. [96] | A medium-sized ischnacanthiform. [96] | |
† Sevyacanthus [21] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian). [21] | U.S.A. [21] | A climatiid with complex spine plates. [21] | |
† Sinacanthus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Silurian to Early Devonian. | Asia. [97] | Namesake of the sinacanthids, a group of spined gnathostomes which are likely chondrichthyans. [97] | |
† Striacanthus | Valid. | Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian). [98] | Europe, [98] Australia. [34] | A diplacanthiform based on elongated fin spines. [98] | |
† Taemasacanthus [95] | Valid. | Late Emsian (Early Devonian). [95] | Australia. [95] | A moderately large marine ischnacanthid. [95] | |
† Taimyrolepis | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian). [58] | Russia. [58] | A possible poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales. [58] | |
† Tareyacanthus | Valid. | Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian). [26] [14] | Europe, [14] Australia. [26] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [26] | |
† Tchunacanthus | Valid. | Late Llandovery (early Silurian). [2] | Russia. [2] | A tchunacanthid based on scales. [2] | |
† Teneracanthus [99] | Valid. | Late Emsian to Famennian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian). [99] [82] | Australia, [99] Belgium. [82] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform closely related to Lodeacanthus . [99] | |
† Tetanopsyrus [100] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [100] | Canada. [100] | A distinctive diplacanthiform from the MOTH locality. [100] | |
† Traquairia | Junior synonym. | Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous). [90] | Czechia. | Junior synonym of Traquiairichthys . [101] | |
† Traquairichthys | Valid. | Moscovian to Leonardian? (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous to Early Permian). [90] [101] | Czechia, [90] Greenland?, Texas, U.S.A.? [101] | An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform. [68] | |
† Triazeugacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian). [102] | Canada. [102] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the Miguasha Lagerstätte, with one of the best-known ontogenetic series of all acanthodians. [102] | |
† Tricuspicanthus [43] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [43] | Canada. [43] | A small MOTH locality ischnacanthid. [43] | |
† Trundlelepis [26] | Valid. | Lochkovian to Pragian (Early Devonian). [26] | Australia, [26] Nevada, U.S.A.? [93] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales. [41] | |
† Uraniacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [54] | U.K., Canada? [54] | A long-spined gladiobranchid diplacanthiform, sometimes misidentified as an ischnacanthiform. [54] | |
† Utahacanthus [103] | Valid. | Namurian (early Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous). [103] | Utah, U.S.A. [103] | An acanthodid acanthodiform with three prominent otoliths. [103] | |
† Vernicomacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [32] | U.K. [32] | A rare climatiid with denticulated fin spines. [18] | |
† Verrucasquama [7] | Valid. | Famennian (Late Devonian). | Belarus. | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales. | |
† Vesperalia [14] | Valid. | Late Pridoli (late Silurian). [15] | Lithuania. [14] | A vesperaliid based on scales. [2] | |
† Watsonacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [1] | Europe, [1] Australia. [104] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [1] | |
† Westrichus [105] | Valid. | Carboniferous - Permian boundary | Germany | An acanthodiform. | |
† Wetteldorfia | Valid. | Lochkovian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian). [24] | Germany, Spain, Australia, Saudi Arabia. [24] | A possible climatiid based on scales. [24] | |
† Xylacanthus | Valid. | Late Wenlock (mid-Silurian) to Pragian (Early Devonian). [62] | Spitsbergen, Canada. [62] | An ischnacanthid containing both the largest species of acanthodians (X. grandis at 2.5 meters long) and one of the oldest species (X. kenstewarti). [3] [62] | |
† Yealepis [106] | Valid. | Ludlow (late Silurian). [106] | Australia. [106] | A large but indeterminate acanthodian which seems to lack fin spines. [106] [84] | |
† Zemlyacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). [70] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. [3] | One of the few poracanthodid ischnacanthiforms known from articulated skeletons. [3] | |