 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
This article lists the battles involving the Mughal Empire of India from its formation in 1526 until its dissolution in 1857.
The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side, Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur headed to India to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat. However, by this time Lodhi's empire was already crumbling, and it was actually the Rajput Confederacy which was the strongest power of Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar. He defeated Babar in the Battle of Bayana. In a decisive battle fought near Agra, the Timurid forces of Babur defeated the Rajput army of Sanga In Battle of Khanwa. [1] This battle was one of the most decisive and historic battles in Indian history, as it sealed the fate of Northern India for the next two centuries. The Mughal Empire came to its greatest extent during the reign of Aurangzeb.
| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Battle of Panipat (21 April 1526) | Mughal Empire | Delhi Sultanate | Mughal victory
|
| Battle of Bayana (21 February 1527) | Mughal Empire | Rajput Confederation | Rajput victory |
| Battle of Khanwa (16 March 1527) | Mughal Empire | Rajput Confederation | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Chanderi (20 January 1528) | Mughal Empire | Rajput | Mughal victory
|
| Battle of Ghaghra (6 May 1529) | Mughal Empire | Bengal Sultanate | Mughal victory
|
| Siege of Bikaner (1534) | Mughal Empire | Bikaner State | Rajput victory |
| Battle of Chausa (26 June 1539) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Sur victory |
| Battle of Kannauj (17 May 1540) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Sur victory
|
| Battle of Machhiwara (15 May 1555) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Sirhind (22 June 1555) | Mughal Empire | Sur Empire | Mughal victory
|
| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerent | opponent | outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battle of Dharmat (1658) | Mughal Empire | Rebels led by Aurangzeb | Aurangzeb's victory |
| Battle of Samugarh (1658) | Dara Shikoh Shah Jahan | Aurangzeb | Aurangzeb's victory
|
| Battle of Khajwa (1659) | Aurangzeb | Shah Shuja | Aurangzeb's victory |
| Battle of Jajau (1707) | Bahadur Shah I | Muhammad Azam Shah | Bahadur Shah's victory
|
| Name of conflict(time) | Belligerents | opponent | outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 (21 April 1708 – 11 June 1710) | Kingdom of Marwar | Mughal Empire | Rajput victory |
| Battle of Sonipat (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Samana (1709) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Chappar Chiri 1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Sadhaura (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Rahon (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Jalalabad (1710) | Mughal Empire | Khalsa | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Thanesar (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Khalsa victory |
| Battle of Lohgarh (1710) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Battle of Bandanwara (1711) | Mewar Kingdom | Mughal Empire | Mewar victory |
| Battle of Jammu (1712) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory |
| Siege of Gurdaspur (1715) | Khalsa | Mughal Empire | Mughal victory
|
Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani.
The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526 was fought between the invading forces of Babur against Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, in North India. Babur's forces, employing gunpowder firearms and cannons, defeated Ibrahim. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder arms on the Indian subcontinent. The victory marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India.
Sangram Singh I, commonly known as Rana Sanga, was the Rana of Mewar from 1508 to 1528 CE. A member of the Sisodia dynasty, he controlled parts of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh with his capital at Chittor. His reign was admired by several of his contemporaries, including the first Mughal Emperor Babur, who described him as the "greatest Indian ruler" of that time. The Mughal historian Abd al-Qadir Badayuni called Sanga the bravest of all Rajputs along with Prithviraj Chauhan also known as Rai Pithaura.
Panipat is an industrial planned city, located in Haryana, India. It is 95 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The three major battles fought in 1526, 1556 and 1761 took place near the city. The city is famous in India as the "City of Weavers" and "Textile City." It is also known as the "cast-off capital" due to being "the global center for recycling textiles". Panipat is also home to a variety of manufacturing industries, including wool and cotton milling, saltpetre refining, and the manufacture of glass, electrical appliances, and other products. Panipat is included in the list of critically polluted industrial areas in India. The Comprehensive Environment Pollution Index (CEPI) of the city is 71.91, as against 88.50 of Ankaleshwar (Gujarat). The fatal field of Panipat is the site of three battles that changed the course of India's history, resulting in the creation and confirmation of the Mughal Empire. The third battle led to the decisive defeat of the Maratha Confederacy in North India, which became a dominating power in Delhi by then and paved the way for the British colonial rule of India.
The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan royal family that ruled Sultanate of Delhi from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
The Battle of Khanwa was fought at Khanwa on 16 March 1527. It was fought between the invading Timurid forces of Babur and the Kingdom of Mewar led by Rana Sanga for supremacy of Northern India. The battle was a major event in Medieval Indian history although Timurids won at Panipat but at the time, the sultanate at Delhi was a spent force that was long crumbling. To the contrary, Kingdom of Mewar under the able rule of Rana Sanga and his predecessors, had turned into one of the strongest powers of northern India.The battle was among the most decisive battles in the Mughal conquest of northern India. It was among the earliest battles in Northern India where gunpowder was used to a great extent. The battle resulted in heavy casualties for both Timurids and Rajputs.
The Mughal dynasty or the House of Babur, was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
Delhi has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. The recorded history of Delhi begins with the 8th century Tomar Rajput dynasty. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way.
The history of human settlement in the western Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 100,000 years ago. Around 5000 to 2000 BCE many regions of Rajasthan belonged as the site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan is the main Indus site of Rajasthan, here fire altars have been discovered, similar to those found at Lothal.
The Kingdom of Mewar was an independent kingdom that existed in the Rajputana region of the Indian subcontinent and later became a major power in medieval India. The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the Guhila dynasty followed by the Sisodiya Dynasty. The kingdom came to be known as the Udaipur State after it became a princely state in the nineteenth century.
Raja Hasan Khan Mewati was a Muslim Khanzada Rajput ruler of Mewat. The son of previous ruler Raja Alawal Khan, his dynasty had ruled Mewat State for nearly 200 years. He was a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan Mewati, who was the Wali of Mewat in 14th century.
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
The Mughal–Rajput wars were a series of battles between the Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire. The conflicts originated with the invasion of northwestern India by the Mughal ruler Babur, to which the head of the Rajput confederacy, Rana Sanga, offered staunch resistance. The conflicts went on since 1526 for over 200 years, with the Mughals having the upper hand until the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, following which they entered a declining phase and the Rajputs gained the upper hand, with the last recorded conflict taking place in 1779.
The Battle of Chanderi or Siege of Chanderi took place in the aftermath of the Battle of Khanwa in which the Mughal Emperor Babur had defeated the Rajput Confederacy and firmly establish Mughal rule while crushing regrowing Rajput powers as the battle was fought for supremacy of Northern India between Rajputs and Mughals. On receiving news that Rana Sanga had renewed war preparations to renew the conflict with him, Babur decided to isolate the Rana by inflicting a military defeat on one of his vassals Medini Rai who was the ruler of Malwa. Consequently, in December 1527, taking a circumlocutious route Babur marched to the fortress of Chanderi in Malwa which was the capital of the kingdom of Malwa. Upon reaching Chanderi, on 20 January 1528, Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rai in exchange for Chanderi as a peace overture but the offer was rejected by Rai.
The Kabuli Bagh Mosque is a mosque in Panipat, Haryana, India which was built in 1527 by the emperor Babur to mark his victory over Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi at the first Battle of Panipat in 1526. The mosque is named after Kabuli Begum, Babur's wife.
Medini Rai was a vassal of Sisodia king Rana Sanga. He ruled much of the Malwa under the lordship of Rana Sanga, who helped him in defeating Sultan of Malwa and conquering Malwa, Chanderi was his capital.
The Battle of Bayana or the Siege of Bayana was a military conflict between the Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga on one side and Afghan of Bayana under Nizam Khan and Mughal advance guard, led by Abdul Aziz on other side.
