The Battle of Bhuchar Mori, also known as Battle of Dhrol, was fought between the army of Kathiawar led by Nawanagar State and the Mughal army at Bhuchar Mori plateau near Dhrol, Saurashtra (now in Jamnagar district, Gujarat, India). It was meant to protect Muzaffar Shah III, the last Sultan of Gujarat Sultanate who had taken asylum under Jam Sataji of Nawanagar after his escape from the Mughal emperor Akbar. It was fought in July 1591 (Vikram Samvat 1648). The Kathiawar army included the armies of Junagadh who betrayed Nawanagar and joined the Mughal army at last. The battle led to a large number of casualties on both sides. The battle resulted in the victory of the Mughal army.[4][2]
It is considered the largest battle in the history of Saurashtra. It is often dubbed as the Panipat of Saurashtra.[2]
Background
Muzaffar Shah III, the Sultan of Gujarat Sultanate, was a titular king and the state was managed by various nobles in divisions who were constantly fighting each other. Muzaffar besieged Ahmedabad with the help of other nobles. Itimad Khan, the noble managing Ahmedabad, invited Mughal emperor Akbar to conquer the state. He entered Ahmedabad without a battle on 18 November 1572. Muzaffar was captured hiding in a grain field. Akbar captured the state gradually by 1573 AD (Vikram Samvat 1629). His governors managed the state from 1573 to 1583 with frequent rebellions and disturbances.[5]
Akbar jailed Muzaffar Shah in Agra but he escaped to Gujarat in 1583 AD (Vikram Samvat 1639). After a short stay at Rajpipla, he crossed over to Kathiawar where he was joined by 700 soldiers. He was aided by Jam Sataji[note 1] of Nawanagar, Daulat Khan of Junagadh, and Khengar, the Jagirdar of Sorath. He raised an army from them of 30,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry. He plundered villages near Ahmedabad and later captured Ahmedabad and eventually Vadodara and Bharuch. Muzaffar was defeated at Ahmedabad by new Mughal governor Mirza Khan on 26 January 1584 AD. Muzaffar fled to Mahemdabad and later to Khambhat. As Mirza Khan advanced towards Khambhat in February 1584, he moved to Vadodara where again both forces clashed and Muzaffar was defeated. He fled to mountains. Later when Bharuch was captured by the Mughal, he fled from place to place; first to Idar and later to Kathiawar. As nobody gave him asylum, Jam Sataji of Nawanagar State agreed and hid him in Barda Hills.[2][6]
Akbar transferred his foster brother Mirza Aziz Koka from Malwa to Gujarat in 1588-89 AD (Hijri year 997) in place of Mirza Khan to capture Muzaffar.[citation needed] The large army was stationed at Viramgam. He sent Navroz Khan and Saiyad Kasim with troops to find him to Morbi. Mirza Aziz Koka corresponded with Jam Sataji and asked to surrender but he declined citing the duty of Kshatriya to protect the asylum seeker. Jam Sataji harassed the Mughal army by cutting their supplies, by killing stragglers, and carrying off horses and elephants whenever he could.[7][8][unreliable source?]
Battle
Jam SatajiJam Ajaji who died in battle
Mirza Aziz Koka assembled his army near Dhrol which included 8,900 to 9,000 warriors. The army included the Roman, Arab, Russian, Turk, Firkani, Habasi, Mirkani, Mukrani, Sindhi, and soldiers from Kandhar, Kabul, Khorasan, and Iran.[1][2][note 2]
The Kathiawar force was stationed near Dhrol which had 17,000 to 21,000 warriors. The Nawanagar forces included Hapa, Kana, Balach, Jiya, Kabar, Dal, Mod, and Rao clans of Jadeja, Sodha,Tumbel, Barhath, Gadhvi and other clans of Cāraṇas, Dhundhan, Dhaman, Sumra, Sindhi, Rajgor. The forces of Jam Sataji was joined by Nawab Dolatkhan Ghori and Jagirdar Ra Khengar of Junagadh State; Loma Khuman of Kherdi-Kundla and the warriors sent by Rao Bharmalji I of Cutch State. Sanganji Vadher of Okha and Vasaji Parmar of Muli State joined with their army. Maheraman Ajani of Bhadresar, Kutch joined Nawanagar with his fourteen sons. The Jamat of naked Atit Sadhus, returning from pilgrimage Dwarka and going to Hinglaj Devi, also joined them. The army also had a large number of cannons, 84 elephants, cavalry, and camels.[1][2][3][note 3][note 4]
When the Mughal army reached Bhuchar Mori, Jam attacked with the auxiliary forces of Kutch.[5][9] There were two night raids on the Mughal forces too and the battle was delayed two days due to rain.[1] Several skirmishes were fought, in each of which the Kathiawar army was victorious. Due to the season of rain, the battlefield was not suitable and the strategy of Jam Sataji won frequently. After a period of three months,[6] Mirza Aziz Koka started peace talks with mediation of Chandrasinh of Halvad. He had agreed to pay two lakh to Jam Sataji and one lakh secretly to Chandrasinh if the peace talks succeed. Loma Khuman, the Kathi of Kundla, had on a former occasion, in the campaign of Junagadh, kept an elephant for himself, taken from the booty of the Mughal army, and had on this account been much annoyed by Jasa Vajir, and thus bore a grudge towards the Jam, as was also the case with Daulat Khan of Junagadh. Daulat Khan of Junagadh secretly made pacts with Mirza Aziz Koka. As Mirza Aziz Koka assured support, he declared the war with Jam Sataji again.[3][7][10]
When the battle began, the armies of Junagadh and Kundla left the Kathiawar forces. As Jam Sataji discovered the betrayal, he alighted from his elephant, mounted a fleet horse and left the battlefield to secure the state and family. His minister, Jasa Vajir, and his son Jasaji continued the battle till evening; he also guarded the family of the Jam, whom he placed in ships and despatched by sea, to escape being captured, and afterwards all returned to Nawanagar.[3] The battle started and lasted for three prahars (nine hours approximately). There were 26,000 to 30,000 soldiers on the battlefield.[1] There was a large number of casualties. The artillery, horses, elephants, and camels were also used in the battle.[1][10]
Jam Sataji's son Kunwar Ajaji III, who was in town due to his wedding feast, left with over 500 Rajput warriors of his wedding party to the battlefield with Nag Vajir.[3][6][10]
The next day, the right wing of Mughal forces were led by Sayyid Kasim, Naurang, and Gujar Khan; and the left by Muhammad Rafi, who was a celebrated general, with several imperial Amirs and Zamindars. Mirza Marhum, son of Nawab Azim Humayun, commanded the centre, and before him Mirza Anwar and the Nawab himself took their post. The Nawanagar army was commanded by Jasa Vajir, Kunwar Ajaji, and Mehramanji Dungarani. Nag Vajir, Dahyo Lodak, Bhaljidal were also leading the troops. A cannonade from both armies opened the combat. Muhammad Rafi assailed the army of the Jam with his battalions, while Gujar Khan and Mirza Anwar, the Nawab attacked Kunwar Ajaji, Jasa Vajir.[1][3][10]
On the north side wall of the memorial shrine, a 16th-century art in traditional style depicting Ajaji on the horse attacking Mirza Aziz Koka on an elephant.
Kunwar Ajaji was on a horse and Mirza Aziz Koka was on an elephant. Ajaji had attacked Mirza Aziz Koka with a spear, but he was not harmed. But Ajaji was attacked by Mughal soldiers and he died on the battlefield.[11] Jasa Vajir, Mehramanji, Dungarani, Bhanjidal, Dahyo Lodak, Nag Vajir, and Togaji Sodha also died on the battlefield. 2000 Kathiawar soldiers died.[1] In the Mughal forces, Mohammed Rafi, Saiyad Saifuddin, Saiyad Kabir, and Saiyad Alikhan also died. Both armies suffered heavily. It is believed that both armies lost more than 10,000 soldiers. More than one thousand Atit Sadhus died. Jam Sataji lost 67 relatives including his son, nephew, and son-in-law. The fourteen sons of Mehramanji also died.[7][10] The 700 horses of Nawanagar were disabled.[1] In the Mughal army, Muhammad Rafi, Sayyid Sharf-ud-din, Sayyid Kabir, Sayyid Ali Khan, and 100-200 other soldiers died while 500 were wounded.[1][3]
Date
According to the notes of the office of Nawanagar, the battle ended on Wednesday, the 7th of the dark fortnight of Shraavana month (Shraavana Vad 7) of Vikram Samvat 1648 (July 1591). The day was a festival day of Shitla Satam. The doha by Gambhirsinh Parmar also gives the same date.[2][6][note 5]
According to Akbarnama, the forces met on 4th Amardād or 6th Shawal 999 (14-18 July 1591).[1]
The date of the battle as given by Ranchhodji Diwan, the diwan of Junagadh, in Tarikh-i-Sorath is the 8th of the bright fortnight of the Aaso month, Samvat 1648 or 6th day of Rajab month, Hijri year 1001.[3][5][note 6]
Aftermath
As the Mughal army advanced towards Nawanagar, Jam Sataji instructed queens to leave the town by ship from the port. Gopaldas Barhath, the son of Isardasji Barhath of Sachana, reached Surajkunwarba, the recently married Sodha wife of Ajaji, with the Paghadi of Ajaji. Surajkunwarba left the town to reach the battlefield. She was attacked on the way by Mughals but was protected by Thakor Sahib of Dhrol who negotiated even though he had not participated in the battle due to personal differences with Jam Sataji. She reached the battlefield and committed Sati on the funeral pyre of Ajaji.[6][10]
Mirza Aziz Koka reached Nawanagar and plundered it. Jam Sataji left to Junagadh to save Muzaffar. Daulat Khan was wounded in the battle and went off the Junagadh[1] and died later. The Mughal Army reached Junagadh but returned to Ahmedabad as it was fatigued due to the long season. In 1592 AD, Mirza Aziz Koka again proceeded to Kathiawar with fresh forces. He besieged Junagadh and the garrison surrendered after three months. Muzaffar had already left to the Barda hills. The Mughal army finally left to Ahmedabad after placing a governor at Junagadh. They also eventually conquered Prabhas Patan, Dwarka, and Bet Dwarka.[3][5][10]
After leaving the Barda hills, Muzaffar reached Okha Mandal where he spent some time. Mirza Aziz Koka sent his son with troops to capture him. Sava Wadher died while covering the escape of Muzaffar. Muzaffar reached Kutch from Vasta Bandar and requested asylum from Rao Bharamalji I of Kutch. The Mughal army was sent to Morbi and prepared to cross Rann of Kutch to enter Kutch. Rao surrender Muzaffar to the troops sent for his capture as he knew the fate of Nawanagar and Junagadh. While being escorted to the Mughal camp, Muzaffar alighted from his horse near Dhrol after traveling the whole night. He went behind a tree on some pretense and committed suicide by cutting his own throat with a knife on 24 December 1592. With his death, the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat Sultanate ended.[3][5][12][13]
Morbi was granted to Rao Bharmalji as a jagir for his service. Jam Sataji returned Nawanagar in 1593 AD (Vikram Samvat 1649). He lived at Nawanagar but the affairs of the state were managed by the Mughal deputy with his concert. Jasaji, the second son of Jam Sataji, was kept at Delhi for some time.[3][5] In the absence of Sataji, Kalabai; the queen of Kunwar Bhanji, the son of Rana Ramdevji of Ranpur; had conquered the areas formerly lost to Nawanagar with the help of Mers and Rabaris and established its new capital at Chhaya village.[14]
Legacy
Memorial shrine of Ajaji and nearby paliyas (herostones)
Horse-mounted statue of Ajaji at the site
Paliya
Paliya of Nag Vajir on right
Many folklore, songs, historical fictions and stories originated from the event.[9] Due to large number of casualty, in Halar region, the word Bhuchar Mori became almost synonymous with the massacre.[5][15]
The memorial site is situated on the plateau of Bhuchar Mori. There is paliya or memorial stone of Ajaji in a shrine. The paliya dedicated to his wife Surajkunwarba, stand south of it. On the north side wall of the shrine, there is a 16th-century art in traditional style depicting Ajaji on the horse attacking Mirza Aziz Koka on an elephant. There are 23 more paliyas in the compound. More eight memorials are outside of the compound and one dedicated to Rakhehar Dholi is some distance away. There are 32 memorials in total. There are eight tombs on the southwest of the shrine dedicated to the soldiers of the Mughal army. The site had a well and a mosque.[6][10]
A new memorial was commissioned by Government of Gujarat at the site in 2007 and it was completed in September 2015.[16][17] A memorial forest, Shaheed Van, was opened to public in August 2016.[18] Since 1992, the memorial site is visited by people of Kshatriya community for prayers on Shitla Satam. The annual fair is organized on the last of the Shravan month (Shravan Vad Amavasya) which is attended by thousands.[9][10][19]
Mourning
As Kunwar Ajaji had died on Shraavana Vad 7, Shitla Satam, the people of Navanagar State and adjoining Halar region had stopped the celebrations of the day. After years, when Bapubha, son of Jam Ranmalji born on the same day, the people started the celebrations of Shitla Satam. The people mourned for nearly 250 years on the day.[9][10][19]
In literature
Durso Adho, the court poet of Akbar, wrote a poetry with mixture of love and heroic moods titled Kumar Shri Ajajini Bhuchar Morini Gajgat.[10][20] The event is described in the works of court poets of Nawanagar; Vibhavilas (1893) by Vajmalji Mahedu and Yaduvansh Prakash (1934) by Mavdanji Ratnu.[2] Gujarati author Jhaverchand Meghani had written a novel, Samarangan in 1938 based on the event.[6][7]Harilal Upadhyay wrote Ranmedan (1993) focused on the background which led to the battle.[21]
↑ Various sources suggest the strength of troops from 8900 to 9000. Akbarnama stated less than 10000 warriors.
↑ Numbers of Kathiawar force does note correspond to other sources. 17000 of Nawanagar, 10000 of Kherdi, 15000 of Junagadh, 5000 of Kutch and 1500 Atit Sadhus are stated in some sources but seems exaggerated. Other old sources place the Kathiawar forces ranging from 17000-21000 warriors. Akbarnama stated that it was more than 30000 but it seems that the forces reduced as Junagadh and Kundla forces left.
↑ It is stated in Akbarnama that Muzaffar left battlefield without fighting but no other source mention that he participated in the battle.
↑ The doha in Gujarati: સંવત સોળ અડતાલીસે, સાવણ માસ ઉદાર, જામ અજો સૂરપૂર ગયો, વદ સાતમ બુધવાર
↑ These dates are probably not true as the festival of Shitla Satam is marked as a day of death of Ajaji not corresponding to Vikram Samvat date. Hijri year 1001 correspond to 1593 which does not match.
Related Research Articles
Kathiawar is a peninsula, near the far north of India's west coast, of about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi) bordering the Arabian Sea. It is bounded by the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of Gujarat and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century.
Nawanagar was an Indian princely state in the historical Halar region, located on the southern shores of the Gulf of Kutch. It was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty and became a part of newly formed India. Its capital city was Nawanagar city, now known as Jamnagar. It had an area of 3,791 square miles (9,820 km2) and a population estimated at 336,779 in 1901. Its rulers, who use the title of "Jam Saheb" are of the same clan as the Rao of Kutch. They were entitled to a 13-gun salute. The state flag was a rectangular red flag with a white elephant, near and facing the hoist. During the British, the state was part of the Kathiawar Agency, within the Gujarat Division of Bombay Presidency.
Jamnagar District is a district of Gujarat in Western India. Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. It hosts the production facilities of large Indian companies such as Reliance. Among its attractions are several palaces, a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary, known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary. In 2013, Devbhoomi Dwarka district was carved out of the western part of the district.
Dhrol is a city and a municipality in Jamnagar district in the state of Gujarat, India.
The Gujarat Sultanate or Sultanate of Guzerat was a late medieval Islamic Indian kingdom in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat. The kingdom was established in 1394 when Muzaffar Shah I, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi.
Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fatah Firuz Shah II, commonly known as Jam Feroz (1508–1524/5), was the last ruler of the Samma dynasty of Sindh. Jam Feroz proved himself a weak ruler and lost his kingdom to Arguns, thus Sindh came under foreign rulers.
Jam Rawal Lakh (1480–1562), was a Jadeja Rajput ruler, who ruled Kutch State from 1524 to 1548 and later was founder-ruler of Nawanagar State from 1540 to 1562.
Mirza Aziz Koka, also known as Kokaltash and by his sobriquet Khan-i-Azam, was the foster brother of Akbar, who remained one of the leading nobles at the courts of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahangir. He was also the Subahdar, governor of the Subah (province) of Gujarat.
The history of Kutch, (kachchh) a region in the extreme west of the western Indian state of Gujarat, can be traced back to prehistorical times. There are several sites related to Indus valley civilization in region and is mentioned in Hindu mythology. In historical times, Kutch is mentioned in Greek writings during Alexander. It was ruled by Menander I of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom which was overthrown by Indo-Scythians followed by Maurya Empire and Sakas. in the first century, it was under Western Satraps followed by Gupta Empire. By fifth century, Maitraka of Valabhi took over from which its close association with ruling clans of Gujarat started. Chavdas ruled the eastern and central parts by seventh century but then came under Chaulukyas by tenth century. After fall of Chaulukya, Vaghelas ruled the state. Following conquest of Sindh by Muslim rulers, Rajput Samma started moving southwards to Kutch and ruled western regions initially. By tenth century, they controlled significant area of Kutch and by thirteenth century they controlled whole of Kutch and adopted a new dynastic identity, Jadeja.
Ansodar is a village in Lathi Taluka of Amreli district, Gujarat, India.
Bagasara-Ghed, also known as Bagasara (Sil), is a village in Mangarol Taluka of Junagadh district, Gujarat, India. Bagasra-Ghed lies thirty-four miles to the south-west of Junagadh.
Bhuchar Mori is a plateau and historic site about two kilometres northwest of Dhrol, a town about 50 kilometres north of Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The place is known for the Battle of Bhuchar Mori and a memorial site dedicated to it. The annual fair dedicated to the event is organised in July and August.
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III was the last sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty who nominally reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom in India from 1561 to 1573 though true powers were exerted by his nobles. Mughal Emperor Akbar annexed Gujarat into his empire in 1573. Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana in January 1584. He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of Nawanagar State. The Battle of Bhuchar Mori was fought between the Mughal forces led by Mirza Aziz Koka and the combined Kathiawar forces in 1591 to protect him. He finally committed suicide in 1592 when he was surrendered to the Mughal by the ruler of Cutch State.
In 1573, Mughal Emperor Akbar conquered Gujarat Sultanate taking advantage of young Gujarat Sultan Muzaffar Shah III and his quarrelling nobles. Muzaffar was held captive at Agra. He appointed his foster brother Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh as the first viceroy who faced an insurrection by the rebel nobles of the former Sultanate. Akbar quickly came to aid and ended the insurrection. He soon appointed Mírza Khán who managed to set revenue system and quelled attack by the Mirzas with help of Mughal minister Todar Mal. The next viceroy Shaháb-ud-dín strengthened the military. Soon Sultan Muzaffar escaped, returned to Gujarat and led an attack on Ahmedabad and recaptured it before his former noble and now viceroy Itimad Khan reach the city. Soon Mirza Khan was reappointed as the viceroy who defeated Muzaffar in the battle of Fatehwadi in 1584. Soon Kokaltásh returned as the viceroy and defeated Muzaffar and combined Kathiawad forces in battle of Bhuchar Mori. Later Muzaffar was captured but he committed suicide, putting an end to the Gujarat Sultanate. As Kokaltásh went to the Mecca on pilgrimage, Sultan Murad Bakhsh was appointed as the viceroy on whose death, Kokaltásh returned third time as the viceroy. Akbar was succeeded by Jehangir.
The last two Gujarat Sultans, Ahmad Shah III and Mahmud Shah III, were raised to throne when they were young so the nobles were ruling the Sultanate. The nobles divided territories between themselves but soon started fighting between themselves for supremacy. One noble invited the Mughal emperor Akbar to intervene in 1572 which resulted in the conquest of Gujarat by 1573 and Gujarat becoming the province of the Mughal Empire.
The Gujarat Subah was a province (subah) of the Mughal Empire, encompassing the Gujarat region. The region first fell under Mughal control in 1573, when the Mughal emperor Akbar defeated the Gujarat Sultanate under Muzaffar Shah III.
The Mughal Empire's province Gujarat to the west of the Indian peninsula, was managed by the Viceroys appointed by the emperors. The emperor Jehangir continued Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh as the viceroy when he ascended to the throne in 1605. He continued to manage the province even though Khalij Khan was appointed as the new viceroy. He was succeeded by Sayad Murtaza who controlled the rebellions in north and south Gujarat. Mírza Âzíz Kokaltásh again returned as the viceroy and successfully averted invasion of Malik Ambar from Daulatabad in south. The next viceroy Abdulláh Khán Fírúz Jang made expedition to south and subdued the Ahmednagar. During his time, in 1611, Jehangir permitted the British East India Company to establish factories in Surat and elsewhere in Gujarat. During the reign of the next viceroy Mukarrab Khán, Jehangir toured Gujarat and received several local rulers. In 1618, he appointed his son prince Shah Jahan as the next viceroy. He rebelled in 1622–23 and he was replaced by Sultán Dáwar Baksh. Shah Jahan resisted but later he managed the Jehangir's new appointment, Khán Jahán as his own. Saif Khan had managed the province instead as Khan Jahan was sent as Shah Jahan's ambassador to Jehangir. Jehangir died and Shah Jahan succeeded him as the emperor in 1627.
The Mughal Empire's province Gujarat was managed by the Viceroys appointed by the emperors. On the death of the emperor Jahangir, his son Shah Jahan ascended to the throne in 1627. His Gujarat viceroy Sher Khán Túar worked for relief in 1630–32 famine in the province. Shah Jahan sent his men to expand its territories further south. Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to their precious gift to the emperor and they could not manage the province well. Kolis of Kankrej in north Gujarat committed excesses and the Jam of Nawanagar did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing Kolis in north and Kathis in Kathiawad. He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender. The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the Mughal prince Aurangzeb was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a Jain temple in Ahmedabad. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by Sháistah Khán who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince Murad Bakhsh was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon. In 1657, hearing news of Shah Jahan's severe illness, Murad Bakhsh declared himself the emperor and rebelled with his brother Aurangzeb. They defeated the Jaswant Singh and Kásam Khán, whom Sháh Jahán had appointed viceroys of Málwa and Gujarát respectively in the battle of Dharmatpur. They further went to the capital, Agra but were confronted by Dara Shikoh. They defeated him in the Battle of Samugarh (1658). Soon Aurangzed dumped and imprisoned Murad Bakhsh, confined his father and declared himself the emperor in 1658.
Ra Meliga, also known as Melaga or Maleka, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1400 CE to 1416 CE. He remove his capital from Vanthali back to Junagadh, from which place he expelled the thanadar appointed by Gujarat Sultan. Thus Gujarat Sultan Ahmad Shah I sent an army against Junagadh. He captured Vanthali and later Junagadh was besieged. Meliga left to a fort on Girnar hill which was inaccessible to the forces. So the forces left and placed two officers in Junagadh to collect tribute. Meliga died and was succeeded by his son Jayasimha II in 1416 CE.
Ra Mokalasimha, also known as Muktasimha, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1384 CE to 1396 CE. He ruled from Junagadh and later moved his capital to Vanthali when Saurashtra came under influence of the Delhi Sultanate.
↑ Asiatic Society of Bombay (1969). Journal. p.153.
1 2 3 4 India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat (1964). District Census Handbook. Director, Government Print. and Stationery, Gujarat State. pp.41, 45, 195.
↑ Upadhyay, Jiten. "Ranmedan". Historical Novel in Gujarati By Harilal Upadhyay (in Gujarati). Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Mughal Empire 
