Kingdom of Jhalavad Dharangadhra State | |||||||||||||||||
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1090–1949 | |||||||||||||||||
Motto:
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![]() Jhalavad in kathiawad | |||||||||||||||||
![]() Location of Dhragandhra State in Saurashtra | |||||||||||||||||
Status | Vassal under Chaulukya dynasty (1090-1244) Sovereign State (1244-1808) Princely state (1858-1948) | ||||||||||||||||
Capital | |||||||||||||||||
Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
Jhalleshvar Raj-Maharana | |||||||||||||||||
• 1090-1126 | Harpaldev (first) | ||||||||||||||||
• 1942-15 feb 1948 | Meghrajji III (last) | ||||||||||||||||
Dewan | |||||||||||||||||
• 1894-1898 | Govindram Sawailal (first) | ||||||||||||||||
• 1945-1948 | G.R. Raddi (last) | ||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||
• Established as a vassal kingdom under Solanki dynasty | 1090 | ||||||||||||||||
• Accession to the Indian union | 1949 | ||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||
1090 | 13,800 km2 (5,300 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||
1892 | 3,023 km2 (1,167 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||
• 1892 | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | India | ||||||||||||||||
Kingdom of Jhalavad was a kingdom present in the Kathiawar region of Gujarat. The kingdom came to be known as the Dhrangadhra State after it became a 13-gun salute princely state in the nineteenth century. The town of Dhrangadhra served as its capital. [1] It was also known as Halvad-Dhrangadhra State. Halvad once had been the capital of this state. [2] It was ruled by the Jhala clan of Rajputs. [3] [4]
The state was founded as Jhalawad/Zalawad in 1090 by Rajput ruler Harpadeva. [5] He was succeeded by his son Sodhoji, who was appointed 'Mahamandaleshwara' (the great provincial Governor) by Jayasimha Siddharaja. [6] Sodhoji succeeded by his son, Durjansalji , who was appointed as Grihadyaksha (guard of the queen Naikidevi and the two infant sons Mulraja and Bhim), Ran-su-ran (chief of nobles) and Mahamandaleshwara of the Chaulukya dynasty by Ajaypala Solanki, he fought the Battle of Kasahrada on behalf of young Mularaja and defeated the Ghurids led by Muhammad Ghuri. [7] [6]
Santaldev found a new capital Santalpur in 1304, named after him. [8]
Ranmal sinh I resigned from 1392-1408, he was imprisoned by the Rathores of Barmer in Kotra fort, released by his son Shatrusal dev who brought a large army with him in 1394, later he ploughed up entire kotra with large number of donkeys. Ranmal Sinh I was succeeded by his son Shatrusaldev (also called Satarsalji and Sultanji) in 1408. Shatrushaldev shifted his capital to Mandal. As mentioned in Mirat-i-Sikandri and Tabakát-i-Akbari rebelled 3 times against the Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmed Shah I. [9] [10] [11]
In 1486, Khalil Khan marched against Rana Vaghoji, as he was rebellious. A battle took place between them near Saidpur, 6 km north of Dhrangadhra where Jhalas gained a decisive victory and Khalil Khan was captured, later released. Mahmud Begada accordingly marched towards Kuva (now Kankavati), the capital of Jhalas then. Rana Vaghoji assembled his vassals in his fort and prepared for battle. During the battle Rana Vaghoji's flag fell and his Rani's misunderstood that he is no more. So Vaghoji's 8 queens along with 750 women committed Jal Jauhar by jumping into a well. [6] [12]
Rana Vaghoji on knowing that his all his wives committed Jauhar, full of grief decided to die in the battlefield with his men. On Rana Vaghoji's death, Mahmud Begada sacked and destroyed the fort of Kuva, the day is known as Kuva-no-ker (disaster of Kuva). [13]
After the death of Vaghoji, his son Raidharji established Halvad as Jhalavad's new capital in 1488. Raidharji died in 1499, succeeded by his son Ajajji (or Ajay singh), who was betrayed and deposed by his step brother Ranoji (Ran Sinh) with the help of Thakore of Muli. Ajajji along with his brother Sajoji sought asylum in Mewar, as he was married to Rana Raimal's daughter from his Chauhan wife and had his sister Ratan kunwar married to Rana Raimal. Ajajji was granted the title of Raj Rana and thikanas of Ajmer and Bari Sadri. He died fighting in the battlefield of Khanwa against Babur. [14] [15] [16]
In 1523, Ranoji was killed by Malik Bakhan of Dasada, whose father had been executed on Ranoji's orders. Ranoji was succeeded by his son, Man Singh. To avenge his father's death, Man Singh killed Malik Shahjiv, the son of Malik Bakhan, and captured Dasada. [13] [7]
Man Singh was succeeded by his son, Rai Singh (also known as Raya), in 1564. When the Sultan prisoned and imposed a tax of 1 lakh rupees on the Charans and later again 1 lakh rupees on Ahirs of Ahmedabad, threatening to convert them to Islam if they did not pay, Mahatma Isardas promised them of their bail and sought help from Rai Singh twice. Rai Singh then paid the tax on their behalf both times and rescued the Charans and Ahirs. [13] Mahatma Isardas composition in Rai Singh's praise:
Kārāgrah sū kāḍhiyau, bīdag bījī bār । Aiyo rāyāansigh rā, ghar handā upagār ।।
Which Translates:
'Rescued from the prison, twice (Charans and Ahirs). The one who comes to Rai Singh, gets a favour' [17]
Another verse is as follows:
Kar fālūan gochh ghaḍae snap kāḍhū, dhaṣhat tele hāth gharū। Rāyāansīh sarīso rājā, koī hove to dhīj karūan ॥॥
Which translates:
'Taking the burning shell in the hand, Holding the snake in my hands, By putting my hand in burning hot oil, I can say to the world that there is no other king like Rai Singh on this Earth' [17]
Rai Singh kettled drums at Dhrol, to which Rao Jasol of Dhrol, his maternal uncle, warned not to. But Rai Singh didn't obey him and Rao Jasol unwilling had to fight with Rai Singh. Rai Singh defeated and killed Jasol Jadeja. In retaliation for Jasol's death, Rao Khengar's brother, Sahibji, along with the army of Kutch, fought the Battle of Mavlia against Rai Singh. Sahibji was slain in the battle, and Rai Singh was severely wounded. Mahatma Isardas composed Hala-Jhala ra kundaliya based on this event. [18] [19] [20] [21]
Rai Singh was later taken to Delhi by a group returning from Hinglaj. He remained in Delhi for two years and eventually sought help from Khan Khanan while attending the imperial durbar at Fatehpur Sikri. During the durbar, Hebat Khan 'Ekkomat', a celebrated wrestler in Emperor Akbar’s court, mocked Rai Singh for being dressed like a yogi and pushed him. In response, Rai Singh gave Hebat Khan such a powerful blow that he died on the spot. The impact of Rai Singh's strike was so great that it displaced a stone in the palace wall. [22] This occurrence gave rise to the following couplet :-
Katari Amare-shari, Toga ri talwar.Hathal Raya Saghri, deli-re Darbar [7] [12]
Translation:
The dagger of Amarsingh-The sword of Togáji. The palm of Rai Singh (have marked) the darbár of Delhi. [22] [12]
In 1742, Dhrangadhra, a new capital was found and a fort was built by Rana Rai Singh II. The state is still sometimes styled Halwad(-Dhrangadhra). [23]
Under the British Raj, the colonial Eastern Kathiawar Agency was in charge of Dhrangadhra, which was a salute state entitled to a Hereditary salute of 13 guns. The state had a population of 100,000 in 1892 on 3,023 Square Kilometers km2. The privy purse was fixed at 380,000 Rupees when it ceased to exist by accession to recently independent India's western state Saurashtra (now in Gujarat) on 15 February 1948.
Sl no | Maharaj-Maharana | From | Till |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Harpal Dev | 1090 | 1126 |
2 | Sodhshal Dev I | 1126 | 1160 |
3 | Durjanshal Dev | 1160 | 1185 |
4 | Jhalak Devji | 1185 | 1210 |
5 | Arjundev Sinh | 1210 | 1240 |
6 | Devraj | 1240 | 1265 |
7 | Durjanshal Dev II | 1266 | 1280 |
8 | Sur Sinh | 1280 | 1304 |
9 | Shantal Dev | 1304 | 1325 |
10 | Vijaypal | 1325 | 1326 |
11 | Meghraj I | 1326 | 1331 |
12 | Padam Sinh | 1331 | 1340 |
13 | Udai Sinh | 1340 | 1352 |
14 | Prithuraj Sinh | 1352 | 1355 |
15 | Vegad Dev | 1355 | 1368 |
16 | Ram Sinh | 1368 | 1385 |
17 | Vir Sinh | 1385 | 1392 |
18 | Ranmal Sinh I | 1392 | 1408 |
19 | Shatrusal Dev | 1408 | 1420 |
20 | Jet Sinh | 1420 | 1441 |
21 | Ranvir Sinh | 1441 | 1460 |
22 | Bhim Sinh | 1460 | 1469 |
23 | Vagh Vijayraj Sinh | 1469 | 1482 |
24 | Rajdhar Dev | 1482 | 1499 |
25 | Ajay Sinh (Jhala Ajja) | 1499 | 1500 |
26 | Ran Sinh | 1500 | 1523 |
27 | Man Sinh I | 1523 | 1563 |
28 | Rai Sinh II | 1563 | 1587 |
29 | Chandra Sinh | 1587 | 1628 |
30 | Askaran Dev | 1628 | 1634 |
31 | Amar Sinh I | 1634 | 1645 |
32 | Meghraj II | 1645 | 1661 |
33 | Gaj Sinh I | 1661 | 1673 |
34 | Jaswant Sinh I | 1673 | 1717 |
35 | Pratap Sinh | 1717 | 1730 |
36 | Rai Sinh II | 1730 | 1745 |
37 | Gaj Sinh II | 1745 | 1782 |
38 | Jaswant Sinh II | 1782 | 1801 |
39 | Rai Sinh III | 1801 | 1804 |
40 | Amar Sinh II | 1804 | 1843 |
41 | Ranmal Sinh II | 1843 | 1869 |
42 | Man Sinh II | 1869 | 1900 |
43 | Ajit Sinh | 1900 | 1911 |
44 | Ghanshyam Sinh | 1911 | 1942 |
45 | Meghraj Jhala III | 1942 | 1949 |
The Royal House of Dhrangadhra awards a dynastic order of knighthood called the Order of Jhalavad, in six grades. [12]
...Santalji . Santalji founded the town of Santalpur in north Gujarat , ( now in Banas Kantha district ) ...
Satarsálji ruled from 1408 to 1420. He was a renowned chieftain and made his capital at Mandal. It is said that in revenge for the treachery practised onhis father, he ploughed up the site of Bármer Kotdá with donkeys. Satarsálji rebelled three times against Súltán Ahmad Shah of Gujarat, and was three times reduced ; he is mentioned in both the Mirat-i-Sikandri and Tabakát-i-Akbari. He was also called Súltánji, and founded the village of Súltánpúr.
Hala Jhala ra Kundaliya concerning the battle between Jhala Rae Singh of Halwad and his brother - in - law Hala Jasraj
Harpaldev , who first esta- blished the Jhala rule at Patdi ( now Dhrangadra )