List of medieval music theorists

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Medieval music is the music of the Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. [1] The first and longest era of Western classical music, medieval music saw the presence of various music theorists, such as Boethius, Hucbald, Guido of Arezzo, Johannes Cotto, Franco of Cologne and Philippe de Vitry.

Contents

Medieval music theorists

   Also a composer    May have been a composer

Medieval music theorists
NameLifetimeNationalityMusic theory worksRef(s)
Boethius c. 480 – 524RomanDe institutione musica [2] [3]
Cassiodorus c. 485 – 585RomanInstitutiones [2] [4]
Isidore of Seville c. 559 – 636SpanishEtymologiarum sive Originum libri xx and De ecclesiasticis officiis [2] [5]
Alcuin c. 735 – 804Anglo-SaxonDe octo tonis and an unknown music treatise (both of uncertain authorship) [2] [6]
Rabanus Maurus c. 780 – 856FrankishThroughout various works [2] [7]
Johannes Scottus Eriugena c. 810 – c. 877IrishDe divisione naturae and De divisione naturae [8]
Aurelian of Réôme fl. 840–850FrankishMusica disciplina [2] [9]
Regino of Prüm c. 842 – 915GermanDe synodalibus causis and Epistola de armonica institutione; Octo toni de musicae artis [10] [11]
Hucbald c. 850 – 930Benedictine(De) Musica [2] [12]
Remigius of Auxerre fl. 862–c. 900LatinThe ninth book of De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii [2] [13]
Odo of Cluny c. 878 – 942FrenchDialogus? [10] [14]
Odo of Arezzo fl. Late 10th centuryItalian [15]
Notker Labeo c. 950 – 1022BenedictineFive short essays [16] [17]
Guido of Arezzo
(Guido da Arezzo; Guido Aretinus)		c. 991 – after 1033Italian Micrologus , Prologus in antiphonarium [16] [18]
Wulfstan the Cantor fl. 992–6EnglishBrevilioquium super musicam [19]
Odo de Saint-Maur-des-Fossés  [ sv ]?fl. 992–1029 ?Dialogus? Enchiridion musices? [20]
Otloh of Sankt Emmeram c. 1010 – 1070BenedictineNone surviving; cited in William of Hirsau's De musica [21]
Hermann of Reichenau 1013 – 1054BenedictineMusica [16] [22]
Berno of Reichenau before 1014 – 1048Probably GermanDe quibusdam rebus ad misse officium pertinentibus and De consona tonorum diversitate [16] [23]
William of Hirsau c. 1030 – 1091BenedictineDe musica [n 1] [16] [24]
Aribo Scholasticus fl. c. 1068–78UnknownDe musica [25]
Frutolf of Michelsberg mid-11th century – 1103UnknownBreviarium [26]
Theogerus of Metz c. 1050 – 1120GermanMusica [27]
Hugh of St Victor c. 1096 – 1141AugustinianA chapter in the Didascalicon [28]
Johannes Cotto fl. c. 1100UnknownDe musica [16] [29]
Guido of Eu fl. mid-12th century Cistercian Regule de arte musica [30]
Theinred of Dover fl. 12th centuryEnglishDe legitimis ordinibus pentachordorum et tetrachordorum [31]
Bartholomeus Anglicus before 1200 – 1272EnglishThroughout De proprietatibus rerum [32]
Roger Bacon c. 1214 – c. 1292EnglishThroughout various works [33]
Petrus de Picardia fl. 1250FrenchArs motettorum compilata breviter [34]
Elias Salomo fl. 2nd half of the 13th centuryFrenchScientia artis musice [35]
Egidius de Zamora fl. c. 1260–1280SpanishArs musica [36]
Magister Lambertus fl. c. 1270UnknownTractatus de musica [37]
Amerus fl. 1271EnglishPractica artis musice [38]
Hieronymus de Moravia died after 1271UnknownTractatus de Musica [39]
Franco of Cologne fl. mid to late 13th centuryGerman Ars cantus mensurabilis [40]
Engelbert of Admont c. 1250 – 1331AustrianDe musica [41]
Jacobus of Liège c. 1260 – after 1330Franco-FlemishSpeculum musice [42]
Johannes de Garlandia fl. c. 1270 – 1320FrenchDe Plana Musica and De Mensurabili Musica [43]
Johannes Balox fl. late 13th centuryUnknownAbbreviatio magistri Franconis a[uctore] Johanne dicto Baloce [44]
Hugo Spechtshart  [ de ]c. 1285 – 1359/60GermanFlores musicae omnis cantus Gregoriani and Chronicon Hugonis sacerdotis de Rutelinga ad annum [45]
Petrus de Cruce fl. c. 1290FrenchTractatus de tonis [n 2] [46]
Petrus Le Viser fl. c. 1290–1300 ? [47]
Johannes de Muris c. 1290–95 – 1344FrenchNotitia artis musicae, Compendium musicae practicae, Musica speculativa secundum Boetium, Libellus cantus mensurabilis, and Ars contrapuncti [48]
Philippe de Vitry 1291–1361FrenchArs nova [49]
Walter Odington fl. 1298–1316EnglishSumma de speculatione musice [50]
Henricus de Zeelandiafl. 14th centurySouth NetherlandishTractatus de cantu perfecto et imperfecto [51]
Johannes Vetulus de Anagnia fl. 14th centuryItalianLiber de musica [52]
Willelmus fl. 14th centuryUnknownBreviarium regulare musice [53]
Johannes de Grocheio fl. c. 1300FrenchDe musica [54]
Johannes Boen early 14th century – 1367DutchArs [musicae] and Musica [55]
Marchetto da Padova fl. 1305–19ItalianLucidarium in arte musice plane and Pomerium in arte musice mensurate [56]
Simon Tunsted c. 1310 – 1369EnglishQuatuor Principalia Musicae [57]
Robert de Handlo fl. 1326EnglishRegule cum maximis magistri Franconis cum additionibus aliorum musicorum [58]
Henricus Helene fl. 1335FrenchSummula musice [59]
Petrus frater dictus Palma ociosa fl. 1336FrenchCompendium de discantu mensurabili [60]
Egidius de Francia fl. mid-14th centuryFrenchDe motettis componendis [61]
John of Tewkesbury fl. 1351–92EnglishQuatuor principalia musice [n 3] [62]
John Hanboys fl. c. 1370EnglishSumma [63]
Philippus de Caserta fl. c. 1370Italian?Incipiunt regule contrapuncti secundum magistrum phylippotum de Caserta: Sciendum est quod contrapunctum est fundamentum biscanti [n 4] [64]
Johannes Ciconia c. 1370 – 1412Franco-FlemishNova musica [65]
Ugolino of Forlì c. 1380–1452ItalianDeclaratio musicae disciplinae [66]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ A second work, De musica et tonis, may be attributed to him, although it is now lost.
  2. ↑ Ars motettorum of Petrus de Picardia and Ars musicae mensurabilis secundum Franconem are attributed to him by some modern scholars.
  3. ↑ Contains long excerpts from other music theorists, including: Boethius, Isidore of Seville, Guido d’Arezzo, Magister Lambertus and Franco of Cologne.
  4. ↑ Two other surviving works by Caserta – Secundum magistrum Philipotum de caserta: Contrapunctus est fundamentum biscanti and Regula contrapunctus secundum philippotum de Caserta: Nota quod novem sunt speties contrapuncti – overlap heavily with Incipiunt. Some musicologists attribute De contrapuncto quaedam regulae utiles to Caserta.

Citations

  1. ↑ Wolinski & Borders 2020, § "Introduction".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Reese 1940, p. 125.
  3. ↑ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Boethius" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03386. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  4. ↑ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Cassiodorus" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05108. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  5. ↑ Randel, Don M.; Nadeau, Nils (2001). "Isidore of Seville" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13934. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  6. ↑ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Cassiodorus" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00495. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  7. ↑ Steiner, Ruth (2001). "Hrabanus [Rabanus, Rhabanus] (Magnentius) Maurus" . Grove Music Online . Revised by Bradley Jon Tucker. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13443. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 28 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  8. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Johannes Scottus Eriugena" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14396. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 28 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  9. ↑ Bellingham, Jane (2001). "Aurelian of Réôme" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01536. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 28 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  10. 1 2 Reese 1940, p. 126.
  11. ↑ Chartier, Yves (2001). "Regino of Prüm" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23070. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  12. ↑ Chartier, Yves (2001). "Hucbald of St Amand" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13475. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  13. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Remigius [Remy] of Auxerre" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23191. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  14. ↑ Brockett, Clyde; Huglo, Michel (2001). "Odo of Arezzo" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20255. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  15. ↑ Brockett, Clyde; Huglo, Michel (2001). "Odo of Arezzo" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20255. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reese 1940, p. 127.
  17. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Notker Labeo" . Grove Music Online . Revised by Bradley Jon Tucker. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20129. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 22 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  18. ↑ Palisca, Claude V. (2001). "Guido of Arezzo" . In Pesce, Dolores (ed.). Grove Music Online . Revised by Dolores Pesce. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11968. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  19. ↑ Teviotdale, Elizabeth C. (2001). "Wulfstan [Wulstan, Wolstan] of Winchester" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30612. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  20. ↑ Treitler, Leo (Summer 1965). "Tone System in the Secular Works of Guillaume Dufay". Journal of the American Musicological Society . 18 (2). University of California Press: 131–169 (132). doi:10.2307/830681. JSTOR   830681.
  21. ↑ Hiley, David (2001). "Otloh of St Emmeram" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.52834. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 20 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  22. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Hermannus Contractus" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12864. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  23. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Berno of Reichenau" . In Pesce, Dolores (ed.). Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02878. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 1 September 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  24. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Wilhelm of Hirsau" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30319. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 22 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  25. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Aribo" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01233. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  26. ↑ Huglo, Michel (2001). "Frutolfus of Michelsberg" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10324. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  27. ↑ Lochner, Fabian (2001). "Theogerus of Metz" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27804. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  28. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Hugh of St Victor" . Grove Music Online . Revised by Randall Rosenfeld. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13515. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  29. ↑ Palisca, Claude (2001). "Johannes Cotto" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14349. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  30. ↑ Fuller, Sarah (2001). "Guido of Eu" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12068. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  31. ↑ Snyder, John L. (2001). "Theinred of Dover" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27784. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  32. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Bartholomeus Anglicus" . In Rosenfeld, Randall; Loewen, Peter (eds.). Grove Music Online . Revised by Randall Rosenfeld. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02153. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  33. ↑ Berry, Mary (2001). "Bacon [Baco], Roger" . In Loewen, Peter (ed.). Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01727. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  34. ↑ Seay, Albert (2019). "Petrus de Picardia" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21493. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  35. ↑ Dyer, Joseph (2001). "Salomo, Elias" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08714. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  36. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Egidius [Johannes Aegidius; Juan Gil] de Zamora" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08614. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  37. ↑ Baltzer, Rebecca A. (2001). "Lambertus, Magisterc" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15893. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  38. ↑ Gallo, F. Alberto (2001). "Amerus" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00791. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  39. ↑ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Hieronymus de Moravia" . Grove Music Online . Revised by Edward H. Roesner. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14275. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  40. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Franco of Cologne" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10138. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  41. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Engelbert of Admont" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08803. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 4 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  42. ↑ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Jacobus of Liège" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14079. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 6 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  43. ↑ Baltzer, Rebecca A. (2001). "Johannes de Garlandia" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14358. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 6 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  44. ↑ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Balox, Johannes" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01915. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  45. ↑ Adkins, Cecil (2001). "Spechtshart, Hugo" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26377. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  46. ↑ Sanders, Ernest H. (2001). "Petrus de Cruce" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21491. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  47. ↑ Sanders, Ernest H. (2001). "Petrus Le Viser" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21496. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 28 August 2021.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  48. ↑ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Muris, Johannes de" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14237. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  49. ↑ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Vitry, Philippe de" . In Wathey, Andrew (ed.). Grove Music Online . Revised by Andrew Wathey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29535. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  50. ↑ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Odington, Walter" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20252. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  51. ↑ Seay, Albert (2001). "Henricus de Zeelandia" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12802. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 28 August 2021.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  52. ↑ Gallo, F. Alberto (2001). "Vetulus de Anagnia, Johannes" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29271. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  53. ↑ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Willelmus" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30332. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 19 August 2021.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  54. ↑ Page, Christopher (2001). "Grocheio [Grocheo], Johannes de" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14359. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  55. ↑ Anderson, Gordon A. (2001). "Boen [Boon], Johannes" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03379. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  56. ↑ Herlinger, Jan (2001). "Marchetto da Padova" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17738. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  57. ↑ Crowest, Frederick James. The Story of British Music. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 291.
  58. ↑ Lefferts, Peter M. (2001). "Robert de Handlo" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23565. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  59. ↑ Seay, Albert (2001). "Henricus Helene" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12803. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 24 July 2022.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  60. ↑ Leech-Wilkinson, Daniel (2001). "Petrus frater dictus Palma ociosa" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21495. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  61. ↑ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Egidius [Aegidius] de Murino" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08612. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 26 November 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  62. ↑ Florea, Luminita (2001). "John of Tewkesbury" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40513. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  63. ↑ Lefferts, Peter M. (2001). "Hanboys [Hauboys], John" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12300. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  64. ↑ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Caserta, Philippus de" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43682. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  65. ↑ Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David; Di Bacco, Giuliano; Nádas, John (2001). "Ciconia, Johannes" . In Nádas, John; Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David (eds.). Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40689. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)
  66. ↑ Fallows, David; Blackburn, Bonnie J. (2001). "Ugolino of Orvieto" . Grove Music Online . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40462. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0.(subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membership required)

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