This list of missing landmarks in Spain includes remarkable buildings, castles, royal palaces, medieval towers, city gates and other noteworthy structures that no longer exist in Spain, or have been partially destroyed. It does not include walls of cities. City gates are included.
There are hundreds of ruins of destroyed landmarks all over Spain, although there are many famous structures standing. Many of these destroyed monuments could be important examples of cultures passed, of that cities today.
The following is an incomplete list.
Image | Name | Location | Architectural style/era | Date of construction | Date / period of demolition / refurbishment | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archbishop's Palace of Alcalá de Henares | Alcalá de Henares, Community of Madrid | Mudéjar, Herrerian | 1209 | 1939, during the Spanish Civil War | Partially survives | |
Puente Colgado | Aranjuez, Community of Madrid | Classicist | 1820s | during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Balneario da Toxa | Island of A Toxa, Galicia | Galician Regionalist of the time | 1907 | 1945, during the Francoist period | Almost complete refurbishment | |
Avinguda de la Llum | Barcelona, Catalonia | Modern | 1940 | 1992, during the modern government and autonomies | Partially survives | |
Casa Trinxet | Barcelona, Catalonia | Modernisme | 1904 | 1968, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Hotel Internacional | Barcelona, Catalonia | Modernisme | 1888 | 1889, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Palace of the Viceroy | Barcelona, Catalonia | Baroque, Neoclassical, Gothic-Revival | 1668 | 1875, by a fire during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Tower of Saint John | Barcelona, Catalonia | 1249, rebuilt in 1751 | 1868, during the general Prim dictatorship [1] | Demolished | ||
Tibidabo International Casino | Barcelona, Catalonia | Modernisme | 1909 | 1912, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Former Banco de Vizcaya Building | Bilbao, Basque Country | Eclectic | ? | 1968, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Castle of Burgos | Burgos, Castile and León | Visigothic, Moorish, Christian | ? | 1813, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Ruins survives | |
Church of San Pedro Mártir | Calatayud, Aragon | Mudéjar | 1368 | 1856, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Templar church of Saint Mary | Ceinos de Campos, Castile and León | Romanesque | 12th century | late-19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Some elements survives and some adorn the town's houses | |
Alcázar of the Caliphs | Córdoba, Andalusia | Moorish | ?, 8th century | 14th century, after the Castilian taking of the city | Part of its structure survives | |
Cuenca Cathedral façade and tower | Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha | Romanesque, Anglo and French Norman Gothic | 1257 | 1902, collapsed | The main facade was reconstructed in gothic revival style by Vicente Lampérez, but remains unfinished | |
Gate of the Ears | Granada, Andalusia | Moorish | 12th century | 1884, during the Spanish confiscation period and the ensanches/eixamples | A smaller arc from the accumulated original remains of the Gate of the Ears it survives | |
Buen Retiro Palace | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Herrerian | 1640 | 1808, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Partially survives | |
Buen Retiro Porcelain Factory | Madrid, Community of Madrid | 1760 | 1812, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Many porcelains manufactured by the factory survives | ||
Casa del Tesoro | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Christian | 16th century | 19th century, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Demolished | |
Church of San Salvador | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Romanesque, Herrerian | 12th century | 1868, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Church of Santa Cruz | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Romanesque | 13th century | 1868, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Churches of the Buen Suceso | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1611, 1868 | 1854, 1975, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period and during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Convent of the Calced Carmel | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Christian | 1575 | late-19th century, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Its parish church survives | |
Convent of Copacabana | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1620 | 1837, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Convent of the Nativity and Saint Joseph | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1700 | 1836, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Convent of San Felipe el Real | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1547 | 1838, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Convent of San Norberto | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1611 | 1811, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Demolished | |
Convent of Santo Tomás | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1656 | 1872, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Gate of Atocha | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neoclassical | 1769 | 1850, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Gothic-Mudéjar church of Humanejos | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Gothic, Mudéjar | 14th century | 19th century, 1980, during the Spanish confiscation period and the modern government and autonomies | Demolished | |
Fiesta Alegre fronton | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque Revival | 1892 | 1965, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Hotel Florida | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Ecleptic | 1924 | 1964, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Noviciado de la Compañía de Jesús | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1606 | 1836, during the Spanish confiscation period | Partially survives | |
Palace of the Marquis of Alcañices | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Herrerian | 17th century | 1883, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Palace of Indo | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Renaissance | 1866 | 1904, during the Spanish confiscation period | Gardens partially survives | |
Palace of La Moncloa before the Spanish Civil War | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neoclassical | 1781 | 1940s, during the Spanish Civil War and during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palace of Xifré | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Moorish Revival | 1862 | 1950, during the Francoist period | Elements survives | |
Palace of the Duke of Arión | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Renaissance | 19th century | 1960s, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palace of the Duke of Úceda in Plaza de Colón | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Baroque | 1864 | 1964, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palaces of the Marquis of Casa Riera | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Renaissance | early-19th century, 1894 | 1893, 1916, both during the Spanish confiscation period | Part of the gardens survives | |
Palace of the Marquis of Portugalete | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Renaissance | 1860s | 1945, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Royal Alcázar of Madrid | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Moorish, Herrerian | 9th century | Christmas Eve 1734, a fire started in the chamber of the French artist Jean Ranc, during the kingdom of the first Bourbon | Part of the painting collection of its interior survives | |
Former Royal Armoury of Madrid | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Christian | 1565 | 1884, during the Spanish confiscation period | Much of its armoury collection survives | |
Tower of la Parada | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Herrerian | 1549 | 1714, by a fire caused by Austrian troops during the War of the Spanish Succession | Ruins survives | |
Windsor Tower | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Skyscraper | 1975 | 2005 | Burnt and replaced with Torre Titania | |
Casas Consistoriales on Plaza de la Constitución | Málaga, Andalusia | Renaissance | ? | late-19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Palace of the Orchards of the Bombs | Murcia, Region of Murcia | Baroque | late 17th century | 1960s, during the Francoist period | Complete portal survives | |
Edificio Castromil | Santiago de Compostela, Galicia | Galician Regionalist of the time | 1926 | 1975, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Castle Alcázar of Segorbe | Segorbe, Valencian Community | Moorish, Christian | ? | 1714, during the kingdom of the first Bourbon | Ruins survives | |
Roman aqueduct Caños de Carmona | From Carmona to Seville, Andalusia | Roman, Moorish | 1st century BC | 1912, during the Spanish confiscation period | Three sections in Seville survives | |
Castle of San Jorge | Seville, Andalusia | Visigothic, Moorish, Christian | ¿? | 19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Ruins of all sections survives | |
Gran Café de París | Seville, Andalusia | Modernisme | 1906 | 1950s, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Institute of Hygiene of the Doctor Murga | Seville, Andalusia | Neoclassical | 1907 | 1958, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palace of Sánchez Dalp | Seville, Andalusia | Andalusian Regionalist of the time | early 20th century | 1960s, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palace of the Marquis of Palomares | Seville, Andalusia | Andalusian Regionalist of the time | mid-19th century | 1965, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Gate of San Fernando | Seville, Andalusia | Visigothic, Moorish, Christian | 1760 | 1868, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Gates of Triana | Seville, Andalusia | Moorish, Christian | 1588 | 1868, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Ruins in different locations survives | |
Gate Real | Seville, Andalusia | Possibly Roman, Moorish, Christian | ? | 1862, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Remains survives | |
Triumphal arches for the arrival of Isabel II to Seville | Seville, Andalusia | Neo-Renaissance | 1862 | During the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Patriarch's Castle | Tarragona, Catalonia | Christian | 13th century | 1813, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Demolished | |
Bridge of the Exposición Regional Valenciana 1909 | Valencia, Valencian Community | Modernisme, Art Deco | 1909 | 1957, in a flood during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Casa de la Ciutat | Valencia, Valencian Community | Valencian Gothic | 1302 | 1860, during the Spanish confiscation period | Many sections survives scattered | |
Del Real Royal Palace | Valencia, Valencian Community | Moorish, Valencian Gothic | 11th century | 1810, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Remains survives | |
Modernisme square of the City Hall of Valencia | Valencia, Valencian Community | Modernisme | 1931 | 1950s, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Palace of the Countess of Ripalda | Valencia, Valencian Community | Eclectic | 1891 | 1967, during the Francoist period | Demolished | |
Gate Nou | Valencia, Valencian Community | Christian | 1474 | 1865, during the ensanches/eixamples in the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Gate del Campo | Valladolid, Castile and León | Baroque, Neoclassical | early-14th century | 1864, during the Spanish confiscation period | A Michael Archangel's sculpture placed on it survives | |
Palace of la Ribera | Valladolid, Castile and León | Herrerian | 1605 | 1761, during the Early Bourbons period | Ruins and elements survives | |
Upper bodies of the Benedictine church of San Benito el Real | Valladolid, Castile and León | Gothic, Renaissance | 1515 | 19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | This church survives but its upper two bodies were lopped | |
Convent of Saint Francis | Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country | Gothic | 1214 | 1930, during the Spanish confiscation period | Remains and elements survives | |
Portals of Vitoria-Gasteiz | Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country | Christian | ? | 1856, during the Spanish confiscation period and the ensanches/eixamples | Demolished | |
Second tower of the Plaza de la Virgen Blanca | Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country | Christian | ? | Second half of 19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Its clock was placed in the higher other tower of the plaza | |
Convent of Saint Joseph of Discalced Carmel | Zaragoza, Aragon | Christian | 1594 | 1970s, during the modern government and autonomies | Remains survives | |
Abbey of Santa Engracia | Zaragoza, Aragon | Visigothic, Gothic, Renaissance | 392 AC | 1808, during the Napoleonic French invasion | Remains survives | |
Convent of Saint Francis | Zaragoza, Aragon | Mudéjar | 1357 | 1809, 19th century, during the Napoleonic French invasion and Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Leaning Tower of Zaragoza | Zaragoza, Aragon | Mudéjar | 1504 | 1892, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | |
Puerta de Toledo | Zaragoza, Aragon | Roman, Christian | ? | 1842, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished |
Image | Name | Location | Architectural style/era | Date of construction | Date / period of demolition / refurbishment | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battery of San Antonio | Algeciras, Andalusia | 1743 | 19th century, early 20th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished | ||
Fort of El Rodeo | Algeciras, Andalusia | 1730s | 1811, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | ? | ||
Fort of Punta Carnero | Between Algeciras and Tarifa, Andalusia | 1730 | 1810, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Ruins survives | ||
Fort of San García | Algeciras, Andalusia | 1730s | 1811, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Large ruins survives | ||
Fort of Santiago | Algeciras, Andalusia | 1716 | 2001, during the modern government and autonomies | Ruins survives | ||
Fort of El Tolmo | La Línea de la Concepción, Andalusia | 1741 | 1811, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Large ruins survives | ||
Battery of la Atunara | La Línea de la Concepción, Andalusia | 1735 | 1811, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Demolished | ||
Lines and Forts of Contravallation of Gibraltar | Northern part of the isthmus linking Spain with Gibraltar, Andalusia | 1730 | 1810, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Ruins survives | ||
Fort of Punta Mala | San Roque, Andalusia | 1735 | 1811, by the English during the Napoleonic invasion period | Demolished |
Image | Name | Location | Architectural style/era | Date of construction | Date of demolition / refurbishment | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fountain of the Abundance | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Herrerian, Baroque | 1617 | 19th century, during the Spanish confiscation period | Many architectural elements were integrated into an existing fountain, other sections survived | |
Fountain of La Mariblanca (Puerta del Sol) | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1727 | 1838, during the Spanish confiscation period | An element survived | |
Fountain of the Harpies | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Baroque | 1625 | 1720s, during the kingdom of the first Bourbon | An element survived | |
Former Monument to victims of the attack against Alfonso XIII | Madrid, Community of Madrid | Neo-Renaissance | 1908 | 1930s, during the Second Spanish Republic | Elements survived | |
Light fountain of the Valencian Regional Exhibition | Valencia, Valencian Community | Art Nouveau | 1909 | 1910s, during the Spanish confiscation period | Demolished |
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which housed the Imperial residences. Most European languages have a version of the term, and many use it for a wider range of buildings than English. In many parts of Europe, the equivalent term is also applied to large private houses in cities, especially of the aristocracy; often the term for a large country house is different. Many historic palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels, or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavishly ornate building used for public entertainment or exhibitions, such as a movie palace.
The Alhambra is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It was originally constructed as a small fortress in 889 CE on the remains of Roman fortifications, and then largely ignored until its ruins were renovated and rebuilt in the mid-13th century by the Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada, who built its current palace and walls with many beautiful, intricate details. It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada. After the conclusion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella, and the palaces were partially altered in the Renaissance style. In 1526 Charles I & V commissioned a new Renaissance palace better befitting the Holy Roman Emperor in the revolutionary Mannerist style influenced by humanist philosophy in direct juxtaposition with the Nasrid Andalusian architecture, but it was ultimately never completed due to Morisco rebellions in Granada.
The Palace of Whitehall at Westminster, Middlesex, was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. Henry VIII moved the royal residence here after the old royal apartments at the nearby Palace of Westminster were themselves destroyed by fire.
An alcázar is a type of Moorish castle or palace in Spain and Portugal built during Muslim rule although the term is also used for many medieval castles built by Christians on earlier Roman, Visigothic or Moorish fortifications. Most of the alcázars were built between the 8th and 15th centuries. Many cities in Spain have an alcázar. The term is frequently used as a synonym for castillo or castle; palaces built by Christian rulers were also often called alcázars.
The Lahore Fort is a citadel in the city of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The fortress is located at the northern end of walled city Lahore, and spreads over an area greater than 20 hectares. It contains 21 notable monuments, some of which date to the era of Emperor Akbar. The Lahore Fort is notable for having been almost entirely rebuilt in the 17th century, when the Mughal Empire was at the height of its splendour and opulence.
Intramuros is the 0.67 square kilometers (0.26 sq mi) historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila.
Changdeokgung, also known as Changdeokgung Palace or Changdeok Palace, is set within a large park in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). As it is located east of Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeokgung—along with Changgyeonggung—is also referred to as the "East Palace".
Fort Santiago, built in 1593, is a citadel built by Spanish navigator and governor Miguel López de Legazpi for the new established city of Manila in the Philippines. The defense fortress is located in Intramuros, the walled city of Manila.
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French Colonial describes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and advertise it. French Colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
The Santa Fe Plaza is a National Historic Landmark in downtown Santa Fe, New Mexico in the style of traditional Spanish-American colonial cities. The plaza, or "city-square", was originally, and is still to this day, the center gathering place in town. Many know it as "the heart of Santa Fe". The landmark has since grown into a playground for many tourists interested in Spanish, Native American, and Mexican cultures, and includes music, design, jewelry, art and dance. Known to locals simply as the "Plaza," it is home to annual events including Fiestas de Santa Fe, the Spanish Market, the Santa Fe Bandstand, and the Santa Fe Indian Market.
Gwanghwamun is the main and largest gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It is located at a three-way intersection at the northern end of Sejongno. As a landmark and symbol of Seoul's long history as the capital city during the Joseon Dynasty, the gate has gone through multiple periods of destruction and disrepair. The most recent large-scale restoration work on the gate was finished and it was opened to the public on August 15, 2010.
The architecture of the Philippines reflects the historical and cultural traditions in the country. Most prominent historic structures in the archipelago are influenced by Austronesian, Chinese, Spanish, and American architectures.
Reconstruction is a term in architectural conservation whose precise meaning varies, depending on the context in which it is used.
The Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site is an important early colonial archaeological site on Parris Island, South Carolina. It contains the archaeological remains of a French settlement called Charlesfort, settled in 1562 and abandoned the following year, and the later 16th-century Spanish settlement known as Santa Elena. The Spanish remains include a fort built directly on top of the abandoned Charlesfort remains. This fort and other nearby structures have been called, at various times, Fort San Marcos, Fort San Felipe, and have the designated archaeological site identifiers 38BU51 and 38BU162. Because of their remarkable state of preservation, and their importance in understanding early French and Spanish colonial practices, the site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2001. The site is accessible through the United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot in Port Royal, South Carolina.
The architecture of San Francisco is not so much known for defining a particular architectural style; rather, with its interesting and challenging variations in geography and topology and tumultuous history, San Francisco is known worldwide for its particularly eclectic mix of Victorian and modern architecture. Bay windows were identified as a defining characteristic of San Francisco architecture in a 2012 study that had a Machine learning algorithm examine a random sample of 25,000 photos of cities from Google Street View.
The Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long is a complex of historic imperial buildings located in the centre of Hanoi, Vietnam. It is also known as Hanoi Citadel.
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.
The Plaza de España located in central Hagåtña, the capital of the United States territory of Guam, was the location of the Governors Palace during the island's long period of Spanish occupation. Most of the palace was destroyed during the shelling of Hagåtña during the reconquest of Guam in World War II. There are three structures still standing including the three-arch gate to Almacen (Arsenal), the azotea or back porch, and the Chocolate House. The plaza was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The Fortifications of Fez comprise a complex circuit of ramparts and gates surrounding Fes el-Bali and Fes el-Jdid, two urban agglomerations that compose the old "medina" of Fes, Morocco. They also include a number of kasbahs (citadels) and forts which were built both to protect and to control the city. These fortifications have been built up over many centuries and the extensive remnants today date from many different periods.