List of people executed by the District of Columbia

Capital punishment in the District of Columbia has been abolished since 1981. However, a number of executions were carried out under the District's jurisdiction before then.

Before 1973, the District of Columbia was exclusively governed by Congress, which included establishing all local laws. Until 1962, the District of Columbia was the last jurisdiction in the United States with mandatory death sentences for first degree murder (the last U.S. state with mandatory death sentences for first degree murder was Vermont). Mandatory death sentences were abolished by the HR5143 (PL87-423), signed into law by President John F. Kennedy on March 22, 1962. ^[1] Rape was also a capital offense. ^[2]

The D.C. capital punishment law was nullified by the Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia in 1972 and formally repealed by the D.C. Council in 1981.

The first recorded execution in the District of Columbia, was the hanging of James McGirk in 1802. Hanging was the method of execution used in the District until 1928, when it was replaced by the electric chair. The last execution under the authority of the District took place in 1957, when Robert Carter was executed. All executions were conducted at the D.C. Jail.

The president of the United States has sole pardoning power in the District.

List of non-federal executions in the District of Columbia

Name	Race	Age	Date of Execution	Crime	Victim(s)	President
Daniel Woodward	White	?	September 2, 1853	Murder	Female, white (wife) [3]	Franklin Pierce
James W. Powers	White	19	June 26, 1858	Murder	Edward Lutz, white [4]	James Buchanan
Jeremiah Hendricks	Black	?	April 1, 1864	Murder	Male, white [5]	Abraham Lincoln
Emanuel Pollard	Black	?	July 8, 1864	Murder	George Butler, black
Cornelius Tuell	White	?		Murder	Female, white (wife) [6]
James Grady	White	33	March 24, 1871	Murder-Rape	Fanny Faulkner, 75, white [7]	Ulysses S. Grant
George W. Jenkins	Black	24	October 31, 1872	Murder	Lavinia Jenkins, black (wife) [8]
Barney Wood	White	37	December 6, 1872	Murder	Samuel M. Cheeseman, white [9]
Charles Johnson	Black	32	December 10, 1872	Murder	Eliza Jane Johnson, black (wife) [10]
Thomas Wright	Black	21	June 6, 1873	Murder-Robbery	Roger Smith, white [11]
Henry Young	Black	27	November 28, 1873	Murder-Robbery	Frank Hahn, white [12]
James M. W. Stone	Black	35	April 2, 1880	Murder	Female, black (wife) [13]	Rutherford B. Hayes
Edward Queenan	Black	?	November 19, 1880	Murder-Robbery	George Phillip Hearth, white [14]
Joseph Bedford	Black	?
Charles Julius Guiteau	White	38	June 30, 1882	Murder	James A. Garfield, 49, white (president)	Chester A. Arthur
Charles Shaw	Black	?	January 19, 1883	Murder	Susan Ann Carter, black (sister) [15]
John Langster	Black	?	May 15, 1885	Murder	John H. Fowler, 41, white (policeman) [16]	Grover Cleveland
Louis Sommerfield	White	54	April 30, 1886	Murder	Christiana Sommerfield and Gottlieb Eisenhaum, white (wife and son-in-law) [17]
Richard Lee	Black	32		Murder	Female, wife (black) [17]
Antonio Nardello	White	22	May 28, 1886	Murder-Robbery	Carmine Rotunno, white [18] [a]
Albert Green	Black	?	April 5, 1889	Murder	James Lucas, black	Benjamin Harrison
Nelson Colbert	Black	23	May 17, 1889	Murder	Philip Wentzell, 70s, white [19]
Benjamin Hawkins	Black	29	May 29, 1890	Murder	Cora Hawkins, black (wife) [20]
Howard J. Schneider	White	?	March 17, 1893	Murder	Amanda Schneider, white (wife) [21] [b]	Grover Cleveland
Thomas Crumpton	Black	43	April 27, 1894	Murder	George Shanklin, 24, black [22]
James L. Travers	Black	24	July 19, 1895	Murder	Lena Gross, black (mistress) [23]
Joseph A. Beam	White	56	July 26, 1895	Murder	Annie Leahy, white (stepdaughter) [24]
John Harris	Black	23	February 14, 1896	Murder	Matthew Spruell, black [25]
Irving I. Ford	Black	?	June 26, 1896	Murder-Attempted rape	Elsie Kreglo, 16, white [26]
Charles Winston	Black	24	May 5, 1899	Murder	Emma Winston, black (wife) [27]	William McKinley
William Strathers	Black	25		Murder	Rose Talbot, black (girlfriend) [27]
Edward Smith	Black	47	May 12, 1899	Murder	Edmonia Jackson, black [28]
George W. Horton	White	51	December 8, 1899	Murder	Jane Nicholson, 29, white (mistress) [29]
Benjamin H. Snell	White	42	June 29, 1900	Murder-Rape	Lizzie Weisenberger, 13, white [30]
Nelson Vale	Black	59	July 6, 1900	Murder	Alexander Jackson, black [31]
Frank W. Funk	White	25	November 9, 1900	Murder-Robbery	William H. Brooks, elderly, white [32]
Elijah Chapman	Black	33	May 23, 1902	Murder	Ida Simms, white (common-law wife) [33]	Theodore Roosevelt
John T. St. Clair	Black	26	January 30, 1903	Murder	Daisy Maddox, black (girlfriend) [34]
Benjamin G. Hill	White	52	July 24, 1903	Murder	Carrie Hill, white (wife) [35]
John W. Burley	Black	43	August 26, 1904	Rape	Adeline Turner, 4, black [36]
Augustus L. Shaffer	White	39	February 10, 1905	Murder	Katherine Ivey, white (ex-wife) [37]
William W. Hamilton	Black	27	February 2, 1906	Murder	Lizzie Lyman, black (common-law wife) [38] [c]
Charles Edward Grant	Black	21	November 16, 1906	Murder	Eva Barnes, black (common-law wife) [39]
William Burge	Black	23	April 23, 1907	Murder	Daisy Burge, black (wife) [40]
Joseph Paolucci	White	31	March 23, 1908	Murder	Elizabeth V. Dodge, white (ex-girlfriend) [41]
Albert Brown	Black	23	June 29, 1908	Murder	Harvey Brown, black [42]
Richard Gregory	Black	37	February 15, 1909	Murder	William A. Garner, black [43]
Samuel Rauen	White	26	February 14, 1913	Murder	Ozelah Elizabeth Rauen and John W. Rauen, 18 and 23, white (wife and brother) [44]	William Howard Taft
Nathaniel Green	Black	23	June 9, 1913	Rape	Adelaine E. Grant, white [45]	Woodrow Wilson
James F. Allen	Black	36	September 12, 1917	Murder	Flora Allen, black (wife) [46]
James H. Jackson	Black	27	March 2, 1920	Murder	Lillian Palma Hood, 23, white [47]
Frank Bowman	Black	39	October 22, 1920	Murder	Clarence J. Keefer, 26, white [48]
William H. Campbell	Black	22	March 11, 1921	Murder-Robbery	Gertrude Mann, white [49] [d]	Warren Harding
John McHenry	White	24	March 17, 1922	Murder-Robbery	James E. Armstrong, 40, white (policeman) [50] [e]
Earnest A. Shands	Black	29	March 9, 1923	Murder	Catherine Shands, black (wife) [51]
George S. Banton	Black	20	April 20, 1923	Murder-Robbery	Samuel Frye, white [52]
Charles Price	Black	32	May 3, 1923	Murder	Robert Smith, black [53]
George S. Epps	Black	31	May 24, 1923	Murder	Katie Epps, 32, black (wife) [54] [f]
Rufus Gordon	Black	37	June 23, 1923	Murder-Robbery	Simon Miller, white [55]
Ralph Thomas	Black	40	January 15, 1925	Murder	Sadie Thomas, black (wife) [56]	Calvin Coolidge
Herbert L. Copeland	Black	50	January 22, 1925	Murder	David T. Dunigan, 63, white (policeman) [57] [g]
Philip Jackson	Black	30	May 29, 1928	Rape-Robbery	Daisy Welling, white [58]
Nicholas L. Eagles	White	31	June 22, 1928	Murder	Leo W. Karl Busch, 28, white (policeman) [59] [60]
Samuel Mareno	White	21
John R. Proctor	White	19
Andrew J. Hawkins	Black	31	June 5, 1930	Murder	Ruth Watkins, black (girlfriend) [61]	Herbert Hoover
Cardoza Bell	Black	24	March 6, 1931	Murder	Alice Metz, 25, black [62]
Alfred S. Aldridge	Black	21	May 6, 1932	Murder-Robbery	Harry J. McDonald, 30, white (policeman) [63] [64]	Franklin D. Roosevelt
John Borum	Black	26	June 29, 1932	Murder	Lamar Watson York, 36, white (Prohibition agent) [65] [66]
John Logan	Black	24
Charles Morris	Black	33	March 12, 1932	Murder	Maggie Landon, black (wife) [67]
William C. Robinson	Black	20	October 27, 1933	Murder-Robbery	Mannie Solomon, white [68] [69]
Charles Washington	Black	23	November 24, 1933
Benjamin Montague	Black	29	December 1, 1933	Murder	Clara Williams, black (common-law wife) [70]
Ralph E. Holmes	Black	25	January 12, 1934	Murder	Milo John Kennedy, 28, white (park policeman) [71] [72]
Joseph J. Jackson	Black	20
Irvin Murray	Black	26
Ernest H. Bolden	Black	25	April 27, 1934	Murder	Elsie Bolden, 25, black (wife) [h] [73]
Joe Goodman	Black	39	June 1, 1934	Murder-Robbery	William Sims, white [74]
George Pitmond	Black	35
Albert Preston	Black	38	March 20, 1936	Murder	Clarence E. Yancey, black [75]
John R. Cummings	Black	27	April 23, 1937	Murder-Robbery	Joseph Wushnak, 42, white [76]
Willett Marcus	Black	21
Norman W. Robinson	Black	29	March 18, 1938	Murder	Florence Findley Goodwin, 43, white [77]
Will Kinard	Black	38	February 2, 1939	Murder	Laura Kinard, black (wife) [78]
William I. Robinson	Black	36	October 9, 1942	Rape	Elaine Caywood Henry, 15, white [79]
William T. Mumford	Black	22	December 18, 1942	Murder-Robbery	Fannie Cohen, 62, white [80]
Jarvis T. R. Catoe	Black	36	January 15, 1943	Murder-Rape	Rose Abramowitz, 28, white [81]
Monroe D. Neely	Black	37	December 14, 1945	Murder	Charles R. Johnston, 24, white (policeman) [82] [83]	Harry S. Truman
Earl McFarland	White	25	July 19, 1946	Murder-Rape	Dorothy Berrum, 18, white [84]
William Copeland	Black	38	December 20, 1946	Murder	Dora M. Johnson, 43, black (sister-in-law) [85]
Julius Fisher	Black	34		Murder	Catherine Reardon, 37, white [86]
Joseph Medley	White	45		Murder-Robbery	Nancy Boyer, 50, white [87]
Alfred L. Hawkins	Black	24	October 31, 1947	Murder-Robbery	Paul Knight, 33, white [88]
Jesse Patton	Black	23	December 10, 1948	Murder-Robbery	Maurice L. Bernstein, 52, white [89]
Reginald J. Wheeler	Black	28
Shirley Harris	Black	25	January 14, 1949	Murder-Robbery	Frank C. Kelly, 54, white [90]
John H. Hall	Black	35	February 25, 1949	Rape	Female, 8, race black [91] [i]
Theodore M. Holmes	Black	22	March 15, 1949	Rape	Sally Hinton, 9, white [92]
George Garner	Black	26	July 29, 1949	Murder-Robbery	Howard Jones, 37, black [93] [j]
Lawrence Garner	Black	24
Fred S. Pritchett	White	41	February 15, 1952	Murder	Clyde L. King, 50, white [94] [k]
William A. Tyler Jr.	Black	20	July 26, 1952	Murder-Robbery	Oliver R. Hess and 67-year-old James C. Carpenter, 57 and 67, white [95]
Albert Allen	Black	25	March 20, 1953	Murder-Robbery	George Schomber, 38, white [96]	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Robert Eugene Carter	Black	28	April 26, 1957	Murder-Robbery	George Cassels, 26, white [97] [98]

^{[99] [100]}

Notes

1. Serial killer, confessed to previously murdering Brosnan and Antonio de Balbo in Maryland before his execution.
2. Also murdered her brother, Frank Hamlink.
3. Also known as Mary Elizabeth Butler.
4. Also a serial rapist, confessed to raping a black woman named Louise Simmons and two white women named Bessie Gleason and Mary Saunders. Two other black men, Forest Eaglen and Louis Randall, were wrongfully convicted for these rapes.
5. Also murdered Wallace E. Mulcare (white).
6. Also murdered Louise Hodge (24, black).
7. Also murdered policemen John A. Conrad (37, white) and Lawrence H. McParlan (35, white). Also a suspected serial killer who confessed to nine other murders.
8. Also murdered his mother-in-law, Janie Plummer (54, black).
9. Also convicted of raping a 9-year-old girl and received a 30-year sentence in that case.
10. Also murdered James Hardy (32, black).
11. Previously convicted of second degree murder in Virginia and served 12.5 years in prison.

References

1. "District of Columbia - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum". October 6, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012.
2. "Executions in the U.S. 1608-2002: The ESPY File : Executions by State (PDF)" (PDF).
3. Daniel Woodward, DC, 1853 September 2, Espy Archive
4. James Powers, DC, 1858 June 26, Espy Archive
5. Jeremiah Hendricks, DC, 1864 April 1, Espy Archive
6. "Execution of a Murderer". The Rochester Evening Express . July 9, 1864. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
7. "The Hanging of James Grady at Washington". Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser . March 25, 1871. p. 4. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
8. "Execution of Jenkins". Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser . November 1, 1872. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
9. "The Gallows in Washington". Richmond Enquirer . December 10, 1872. p. 6. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
10. "Current News And Notes". Lewiston Evening Journal . December 11, 1872. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
11. "Hanged". The Republican Daily Journal . June 7, 1873. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
12. "The Record of C im". Paterson Daily Press . November 29, 1873. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
13. "A Horrible Execution". The Providence Morning Star . April 3, 1880. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
14. "Executed". Daily True American . November 20, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
15. "Hanged for Murder". Lewiston Evening Journal . January 19, 1883. p. 3. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
16. "John Langster Hung". Baltimore American . May 16, 1885. p. 4. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
17. "Two Murderers Hanged To-Day - A Suit for Damages". Baltimore American . April 30, 1886. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
18. "Died Protesting Innocence". The Morning Herald . May 29, 1886. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
19. "His Neck Was Broken". Baltimore American . May 18, 1889. p. 5. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
20. "Hung For Wife Murder". Baltimore American . May 30, 1890. p. 7. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
21. "His Victims Avenged". Sunday Herald . March 18, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
22. "Another Hanging". Mansfield Daily Shield . April 28, 1894. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
23. "Hanged on the Guiteau Scaffold". The Clinton Morning Age . July 20, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
24. "Another Hanging". Daily Times . July 26, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
25. "Paid the Last Penalty". Daily Mail and Empire . February 15, 1896. p. 9. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
26. "Paid Penalty". Providence News . June 26, 1896. p. 3. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
27. "Both Died On Gallows". Providence News . May 5, 1899. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
28. "His Expiation". Youngstown Vindicator . May 12, 1899. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
29. "Murderer Hanged At Washington". Spokane Daily Chronicle . December 9, 1899. p. 5. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
30. "Pays the Penalty - Benjamin Snell Hanged for Murder of Lizzie Weisenberger". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 29, 1900. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
31. "Vale Hanged Today - Went to Scaffold Singing a Hymn". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening Star. July 6, 1900. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
32. "Funk and Snell Unlike - The Condemned Men Differ in Every Personal Characteristic". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 3, 1900. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
33. "Expiates His Crime - Elijah Chapman Hanged at District Jail Today". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. May 23, 1900. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
34. "John St. Clair Held - Accused of Murder of Daisy Maddox". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. April 17, 1902. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
35. "Hoped for Reprieve Fails Murderer Hill". Washington (District of Columbia) Times. July 24, 1903. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
36. "John W. Burley Executed at District Jail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. August 26, 1904. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
37. "Expiates His Crime - Augustus L. Shaffer Executed at District Jail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 10, 1905. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
38. "Death Penalty Paid - William Walter Hamilton Hanged At Local Jail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 2, 1906. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
39. "Sentence of the Law - Charles Edward Grant Hanged at the Local Jail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. November 16, 1906. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
40. "Met Death Quietly - William Burge Hanged at the Local Jail". Washington Evening-Star. April 23, 1907. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
41. "Penalty Was Death - Joseph Paolucci Hanged For Murder of Miss Dodge". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 23, 1908. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
42. "Dies Singing A Hymn - Albert Brown Hanged for Murder of His Brother". Washington (District of Columbia) Post. June 30, 1908. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
43. "Goes Singing to the Scaffold - Gregory Protests Innocence Knowing He Must Die". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 15, 1909. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
44. "Rauen Dies Bravely - Murderer of Wife and Brother Shows No Emotion". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 14, 1913. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
45. "Nathaniel Green Is Hanged Today: Second Man to Pay Penalty at District Jail for Assaulting A Woman Since 1904". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 9, 1913. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
46. "James Allen is Legally Hanged from Scaffold That Killed Guiteau 35 Years Ago". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. September 12, 1917. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
47. "Jackson Hanged at Jail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 2, 1920. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
48. "Negro Murderer Dies on Gallows - Frank Bowman, Who Killed Paralytic, Walks Firmly to Meet Death". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. October 22, 1920. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
49. "Slayer Dies on Gallows - Trap is Sprung for Campbell, Confessed Killer of Mrs. Gertrude Mann". Washington (District of Columbia) Times. March 11, 1921. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
50. "Smiles As He Pays Gallows Penalty - Youthful John McHenry Calm in Meeting Death for Murder of Two". Washington (District of Columbia) Post. March 18, 1922. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
51. "Slayer of Wife Dies on Gallows - Earnest A. Shands Calm As He Goes to Execution With Hymn on His Lips". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 9, 1923. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
52. "Slayer Warns Headlong Youth Just Before Dying on Gallows". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. April 20, 1923. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
53. "Slayer Goes Singing to the Gallows". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. May 3, 1923. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
54. "Murderer Hanged with Hymn on His Lips". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. May 24, 1923. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
55. "Admits Murder as Noose Beckons". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 23, 1923. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
56. "Murderer Goes to Death Singing". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. January 15, 1925. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
57. "Copeland, Hanged, Admits Slaying 12 in Last Statement". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. January 22, 1925. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
58. "Jackson Executed on Assault Count - Meets Death in Chair at D.C. Jail, Denying Crime to Last". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. May 29, 1928. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
59. "Trio of Murders Pay Death Penalty in Electric Chair for Busch Slaying". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 22, 1928. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
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61. "Dies in Chair with Smile on His Lips - Andrew Jackson Hawkins, Condemned Slayer, Shows Unusual Bravery". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 5, 1930. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
62. "D.C. Will Execute Slayer on Friday - Cardoza Bell, Twice given 30 Day Stay, Must Die in Electric Chair". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 4, 1931. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
63. Memorial to Harry J. McDonald. Washington, DC MPD Police Memorial & Museum, https://www.dcpolicememorial.org/fallen-1929-mcdonald-h/
64. "Policeman's Slayer Dies in Electric Chair". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. May 6, 1932. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
65. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives -- Lamar W. York. Retrieved 2021, November 26, from https://www.atf.gov/our-history/fallen-agents/lamar-w-york.
66. "Agent Slayers Die in Electric Chair". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 29, 1932. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
67. "Slayer of Woman Pays With Life". Washington Evening-Star. December 2, 1932. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
68. "Roosevelt Phones, Saving Man Just Before Execution Time". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. October 27, 1933. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
69. "Roosevelt Reprieve Expires for Slayer". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. November 23, 1933. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
70. "Sings Spiritual as Chair Takes Life". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 1, 1933. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
71. "Three Die in Chair for Part in Park Slaying in 1932". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. January 12, 1934. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
72. National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial. 2019, OFC. Milo J. Kennedy. Officer Milo J. Kennedy, U.S. Park Police, https://usppfop.org/officer-milo-john-kennedy/
73. "New Executioner Throws Switch". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. April 27, 1934. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
74. "Two Slayers Die in Electric Chair". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. June 1, 1934. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
75. "Slayer Executed in Electric Chair - Preston Dies for Murder After Quarrel over $1.50 Gambling Debt". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 20, 1936. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
76. "Law Takes Lives of Two Killers - D.C. Executes Pair Who Murdered Truck Driver in Hold-Up". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. April 23, 1937. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
77. "Man Dies in Chair For Killing Woman". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 18, 1938. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
78. "Kinard Goes to Chair in District Jail for Murder of Wife". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 3, 1939. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
79. "Robinson Executed for Assault As Stone Denies Last Appeal". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. October 9, 1942. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
80. "William Mumforde Dies in Chair for Slaying Shop Owner". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 18, 1942. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
81. "Catoe Electrocuted for Assault-Murder of D.C. Woman". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. January 15, 1943. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
82. "Neely Walks Unaided to Chair To Die for Policeman's Murder". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 14, 1945. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
83. "Memorial to Charles R. Johnston." Washington, DC MPD Police Memorial & Museum. Retrieved November 27, 2021, from https://www.dcpolicememorial.org/fallen-1943-johnston-c/
84. "Earl McFarland Dies in Chair For Slaying Government Girl". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. July 19, 1946. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
85. "Medley's Death Delayed by 2 Hours By Final Pleas - Executed After Two Other Slayers; Bid to High Court Fails". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 20, 1946. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
86. "Medley's Death Delayed by 2 Hours By Final Pleas - Executed After Two Other Slayers; Bid to High Court Fails". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 20, 1946. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
87. "Medley's Death Delayed by 2 Hours By Final Pleas - Executed After Two Other Slayers; Bid to High Court Fails". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 20, 1946. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
88. "Hawkins Dies in Chair for Holdup Murder, Remains Calm to the Last". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. October 31, 1947. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
89. "Two Bernstein Killers Are Finally Executed After All Appeals Fail". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. December 10, 1948. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
90. "Trigger Man of Kelly Executed in Electric Chair". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. January 14, 1949. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
91. "Hall sings Spiritual That He Wrote, Then Dies for Attacking Girl, 8". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 25, 1949. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
92. "Ex-Convict Executed for Assault-Beating of Girl, 9, Year Ago". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 15, 1949. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
93. "Garner Brothers Die in Electric Chair for Murder of Cab Driver". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. July 29, 1949. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
94. "Two Motions to Stay Pritchett Execution Are Denied By Judge". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. February 14, 1952. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
95. "Tyler Dies in Chair for Fatal Stabbing of 2 Store Guards". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. July 25, 1952. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
96. "Man, 25, Executed in Garage Murder Despite Priest's Plea". Washington (District of Columbia) Evening-Star. March 20, 1953. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
97. "Man Electrocuted for Slaying Policeman". Salisbury (Maryland) Daily Times. April 27, 1957. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
98. "Memorial to George W. Cassels." Retrieved November 27, 2021, from https://mpdc.dc.gov/page/memorial-george-w-cassels.
99. "Executions in District of Columbia - 1853-1957 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
100. Senate, United States Congress (1968). Hearings. U.S. Government Printing Office.