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This article lists the presidents of Honduras , since the country declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821.
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This article lists the presidents of Honduras , since the country declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821.
On 1 July 1823 Honduras, along with Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, declared its independence from the First Mexican Empire to form the short lived Federal Republic of Central America, also known as United Provinces of Central America. Honduras remained as a member state until it decided to separate in 1838. The entire union dissolved in civil war between 5 November 1838, when Nicaragua separated from the federation, and about 1840.
| No. | Portrait | Head of State (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 |  | Dionisio de Herrera (1781–1850) Supreme Director | 16 September 1824 | 10 May 1827 (Deposed) | 2 years, 236 days | Liberal |
| 2 |  | Jose Justo Millia (1794–1838) | 10 May 1827 | 13 September 1827 | 126 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Cleto Bendaña (–) Provisional | 13 September 1827 | 24 October 1827 | 41 days | Conservative |
| 3 |  | José Jeronimo Zelaya (–) | 27 October 1827 | 11 November 1827 | 15 days | Conservative |
| 4 |  | Miguel Eusebio Bustamante (–) | 11 November 1827 | 26 November 1827 | 15 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Francisco Morazán (1792–1842) Provisional | 26 November 1827 | 30 June 1828 | 217 days | Liberal |
| 5 |  | Diego Vigil Cocaña (1799–1845) Manager | 30 June 1828 | 2 December 1829 | 1 year, 155 days | Liberal |
| 6 | | Francisco Morazán (1792–1842) | 2 December 1829 | 24 December 1829 | 22 days | Liberal |
| 7 |  | Juan Ángel Arias (–) Manager | 24 December 1829 | 22 April 1830 | 119 days | Liberal |
| (6) | | Francisco Morazán (1792–1842) | 22 April 1830 | 28 July 1830 | 97 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Jose Santos del Valle (–) Provisional | 28 July 1830 | 12 March 1831 | 227 days | Conservative |
| 8 |  | Jose Antonio Marquez (–) | 12 March 1831 | 22 March 1832 | 1 year, 10 days | Conservative |
| 9 |  | Jose Francisco Milla Guevara (–) | 22 March 1832 | 7 January 1833 | 291 days | Conservative |
| 10 |  | Joaquín Rivera (–) | 7 January 1833 | 31 December 1836 | 3 years, 359 days | Independent |
| — |  | José María Martinez Salinas (–) Provisional | 1 January 1837 | 28 May 1837 | 147 days | Independent |
| 11 |  | Justo Herrera (–) | 28 May 1837 | 3 September 1838 | 1 year, 98 days | Liberal |
| 12 | | José María Martinez Salinas (–) | 3 September 1838 | 12 November 1838 | 70 days | Independent |
| 13 |  | José Lino Matute (–) | 12 November 1838 | 9 January 1839 | 58 days | Liberal |
Honduras declared itself independent on 15 November 1838, and a constitution was formally adopted in January 1839. After a period of instability, conservative General Francisco Ferrera became the first elected president of the country for a two-year term, but then extended his de facto control of the nation for the next five years.
Most presidents after 1900 represent one of the two dominant political parties, the Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH) and the National Party of Honduras (PNH).
The most recent general election was held on 28 November 2021, with Xiomara Castro of Libre elected president, taking office on 27 January 2022. [1] [2]
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 |  | Juan Francisco de Molina | — | 11 January 1839 | 13 April 1839 | 92 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Felipe Neri Medina (1797–?) Acting President | — | 13 April 1839 | 15 April 1839 | 2 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Juan José Alvarado (1798–1857) Acting President | — | 15 April 1839 | 27 April 1839 | 12 days | Independent |
| — |  | José María Guerrero (1799–1853) Acting President | — | 27 April 1839 | 10 August 1839 | 105 days | Conservative |
| — |  | Mariano Garrigó (1810–?) Acting President | — | 10 August 1839 | 20 August 1839 | 10 days | Independent |
| — |  | José María Bustillo (?–1855) Acting President | — | 20 August 1839 | 27 August 1839 | 7 days | Conservative |
| — | | Council of Ministers | — | 27 August 1839 | 21 September 1839 | 25 days | Council of Ministers |
| — |  | Francisco Zelaya y Ayes (1798–1848) Acting President | — | 21 September 1839 | 1 January 1841 | 1 year, 102 days | Conservative |
| 2 |  | Francisco Ferrera (1794–1851) | — | 1 January 1841 | 31 December 1842 | 1 year, 364 days | Conservative |
| — | | Council of Ministers | — | 1 January 1843 | 23 February 1843 | 53 days | Council of Ministers |
| 3 | | Francisco Ferrera (1794–1851) | — | 23 February 1843 | 31 December 1844 | 1 year, 312 days | Conservative |
| — | | Council of Ministers | — | 1 January 1845 | 8 January 1845 | 7 days | Council of Ministers |
| 4 |  | Coronado Chávez (1807–1881) | — | 8 January 1845 | 1 January 1847 | 1 year, 358 days | Conservative |
| — | | Council of Ministers | — | 1 January 1847 | 12 February 1847 | 42 days | Council of Ministers |
| 5 |  | Juan Lindo (1790–1857) | — | 12 February 1847 | 1 February 1852 | 4 years, 354 days | Conservative |
| — | | Francisco Gómez (?–1854) Acting President | — | 1 February 1852 | 1 March 1852 | 29 days | Liberal |
| 6 |  | José Trinidad Cabañas (1805–1871) | 1852 | 1 March 1852 | 18 October 1855 | 3 years, 231 days | Liberal |
| — |  | José Santiago Bueso (1815–1857) Acting President | — | 18 October 1855 | 8 November 1855 | 21 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Francisco de Aguilar (1810–?) Acting President | — | 8 November 1855 | 17 February 1856 | 101 days | Liberal |
| 7 |  | José Santos Guardiola (1816–1862) | 1856 1860 | 17 February 1856 | 11 January 1862 | 5 years, 328 days | Conservative |
| — |  | José Francisco Montes (1830–1888) Acting President | — | 11 January 1862 | 4 February 1862 | 24 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Victoriano Castellanos (1796–1862) Acting President | — | 4 February 1862 | 11 December 1862 | 310 days | Liberal |
| — | | José Francisco Montes (1830–1888) Acting President | — | 11 December 1862 | 7 September 1863 | 270 days | Liberal |
| — |  | José María Medina (1826–1878) Acting President | — | 7 September 1863 | 31 December 1863 | 115 days | Conservative |
| — | | Francisco Inestroza (1810–?) Acting President | — | 31 December 1863 | 15 March 1864 | 75 days | Conservative |
| — |  | Francisco Cruz Castro (1820–1895) Provisional President | — | 5 September 1869 | 14 January 1870 | 131 days | Conservative |
| 8 | | José María Medina (1826–1878) | 1864 1866 1869 | 15 March 1864 | 26 July 1872 | 8 years, 133 days | Conservative |
| — |  | Céleo Arias (1835–1890) Provisional President | — | 26 July 1872 | 13 January 1874 | 1 year, 171 days | Liberal |
| 9 |  | Ponciano Leiva (1821–1896) | 1874 | 13 January 1874 | 8 June 1876 | 2 years, 147 days | Conservative |
| — | | Marcelino Mejía Provisional President | — | 8 June 1876 | 13 June 1876 | 5 days | Conservative |
| — | | Crescencio Gómez (1833–1921) Provisional President | — | 13 June 1876 | 12 August 1876 | 60 days | Conservative |
| — | | José María Medina (1826–1878) Provisional President | — | 12 August 1876 | 27 August 1876 | 15 days | Conservative |
| 10 |  | Marco Aurelio Soto (1846–1908) | 1877 1881 | 27 August 1876 | 19 October 1883 | 7 years, 53 days | Liberal |
| — | | Council of Ministers | — | 19 October 1883 | 30 November 1883 | 42 days | Council of Ministers |
| 11 |  | Luis Bográn (1849–1895) | 1883 1887 | 30 November 1883 | 30 November 1891 | 8 years | Conservative |
| 12 | | Ponciano Leiva (1821–1896) | 1891 | 30 November 1891 | 7 August 1893 | 1 year, 250 days | Conservative |
| 13 |  | Domingo Vásquez (1846–1909) | 1893 | 7 August 1893 | 22 February 1894 | 199 days | Conservative |
| 14 |  | Policarpo Bonilla (1858–1926) | 1894 | 22 February 1894 | 1 February 1899 | 4 years, 344 days | Liberal |
| 15 |  | Terencio Sierra (1839–1907) | 1898 | 1 February 1899 | 1 February 1903 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 16 | | Juan Ángel Arias Boquín (1859–1927) | — | 1 February 1903 | 13 April 1903 | 71 days | Liberal |
| 17 |  | Manuel Bonilla (1849–1913) | 1902 | 13 April 1903 | 25 February 1907 | 3 years, 318 days | National |
| — |  | Miguel Oquelí Bustillo (1856–1938) Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta | — | 25 February 1907 | 18 April 1907 | 52 days | Liberal |
| 18 |  | Miguel R. Dávila (1856–1927) | — | 18 April 1907 | 28 March 1911 | 3 years, 344 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Francisco Bertrand (1866–1926) Acting President | — | 28 March 1911 | 1 February 1912 | 310 days | National |
| 19 | | Manuel Bonilla (1849–1913) | 1911 | 1 February 1912 | 21 March 1913 | 1 year, 48 days | National |
| 20 | | Francisco Bertrand (1866–1926) | 1915 | 21 March 1913 | 9 September 1919 | 6 years, 172 days | National |
| — | | Salvador Aguirre (1862–1947) Acting President | — | 9 September 1919 | 16 September 1919 | 7 days | National |
| — |  | Vicente Mejía Colindres (1878–1966) Acting President | — | 16 September 1919 | 5 October 1919 | 19 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Francisco Bográn (1852–1926) Acting President | — | 5 October 1919 | 1 February 1920 | 119 days | Liberal |
| 21 |  | Rafael López Gutiérrez (1854–1924) | 1919 | 1 February 1920 | 10 March 1924 | 4 years, 68 days | Liberal |
| — | | Francisco Bueso (1860–?) Acting President | — | 10 March 1924 | 27 April 1924 | 48 days | Liberal |
| — |  | Tiburcio Carías Andino (1876–1969) First Chief of the Liberating Revolution | 1923 | 27 April 1924 | 30 April 1924 | 3 days | National |
| — | | Vicente Tosta (1886–1930) Provisional President | — | 30 April 1924 | 1 February 1925 | 277 days | Liberal |
| 22 |  | Miguel Paz Barahona (1863–1937) | 1924 | 1 February 1925 | 1 February 1929 | 4 years | National |
| 23 | | Vicente Mejía Colindres (1878–1966) | 1928 | 1 February 1929 | 1 February 1933 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 24 | | Tiburcio Carías Andino (1876–1969) | 1932 1936 1939 | 1 February 1933 | 1 January 1949 | 15 years, 335 days | National |
| 25 | | Juan Manuel Gálvez (1887–1972) | 1948 | 1 January 1949 | 5 December 1954 | 5 years, 338 days | National |
| — | | Julio Lozano Díaz (1885–1957) Supreme Head of State | — | 5 December 1954 | 21 October 1956 | 1 year, 321 days | National |
| — | | Military Junta | — | 21 October 1956 | 21 December 1957 | 1 year, 61 days | Military |
| 26 |  | Ramón Villeda Morales (1909–1971) | 1954 1957 | 21 December 1957 | 3 October 1963 (Deposed) | 5 years, 286 days | Liberal |
| 27 | | Oswaldo López Arellano (1921–2010) | 1965 | 3 October 1963 | 7 June 1971 | 7 years, 247 days | Military |
| 28 | | Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés (1903–1985) | 1971 | 7 June 1971 | 4 December 1972 | 1 year, 180 days | National |
| — | | Oswaldo López Arellano (1921–2010) Head of State | — | 4 December 1972 | 22 April 1975 (Deposed) | 2 years, 139 days | Military |
| — | | Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (1930–1987) Head of State | — | 22 April 1975 | 7 August 1978 | 3 years, 107 days | Military |
| — | | Policarpo Paz García (1932–2000) Provisional President | 1980 | 7 August 1978 | 27 January 1982 | 3 years, 173 days | Military |
| 29 | | Roberto Suazo Córdova (1927–2018) | 1981 | 27 January 1982 | 27 January 1986 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 30 |  | José Azcona del Hoyo (1927–2005) | 1985 | 27 January 1986 | 27 January 1990 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 31 |  | Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero (1943–2020) | 1989 | 27 January 1990 | 27 January 1994 | 4 years | National |
| 32 | | Carlos Roberto Reina (1926–2003) | 1993 | 27 January 1994 | 27 January 1998 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 33 |  | Carlos Roberto Flores (born 1950) | 1997 | 27 January 1998 | 27 January 2002 | 4 years | Liberal |
| 34 |  | Ricardo Maduro (born 1946) | 2001 | 27 January 2002 | 27 January 2006 | 4 years | National |
| 35 |  | Manuel Zelaya (born 1952) | 2005 | 27 January 2006 | 28 June 2009 (Deposed) | 3 years, 152 days | Liberal |
| 36 |  | Roberto Micheletti (born 1943) (Disputed) | — | 28 June 2009 | 27 January 2010 | 213 days | Liberal |
| 37 |  | Porfirio Lobo Sosa (born 1947) | 2009 | 27 January 2010 | 27 January 2014 | 4 years | National |
| 38 |  | Juan Orlando Hernández (born 1968) | 2013 2017 | 27 January 2014 | 27 January 2022 | 8 years | National |
| 39 |  | Xiomara Castro (born 1959) | 2021 | 27 January 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 190 days | Libre |
Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America is usually defined as consisting of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage.
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Its capital and largest city is Tegucigalpa.
Honduras was inhabited by many indigenous peoples when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. The western-central part of Honduras was inhabited by the Lencas, the central north coast by the Tol, the area east and west of Trujillo by the Pech, the Maya and Sumo. These autonomous groups traded with each other and with other populations as distant as Panama and Mexico. Honduras has ruins of several cities dating from the Mesoamerican pre-classic period that show the pre-Columbian past of the country.
Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a multi-party system presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Honduras is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress of Honduras. The party system is dominated by the conservative National Party of Honduras, the Liberal Party of Honduras, and Liberty and Refoundation.
Central America is commonly said to include Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. This definition matches modern political borders. Central America begins geographically in Mexico, at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico's narrowest point, and the former country of Yucatán (1841–1848) was part of Central America. At the other end, before its independence in 1903 Panama was part of South America, as it was a Department of Colombia. At times Belize, a British colony until 1981, where English instead of Spanish is spoken, and where the population is primarily of African origin, has been considered not part of (Spanish-speaking) Central America.
The Federal Republic of Central America, initially known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a sovereign state in Central America which existed from 1823 to 1839/1841. The Federal Republic of Central America was composed of five states: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, as well as a Federal District from 1835 to 1839. Guatemala City was the federal republic's capital city until 1834 when the seat of the federal government was relocated to San Salvador. The Federal Republic of Central America was bordered to the north by Mexico, to the south by Gran Colombia, and on its eastern coastline by the Mosquito Coast and British Honduras.
The flag of Honduras consists of three equal horizontal stripes of cyan, white and cyan, with five cyan stars in a quincuncial pattern at the centre of the middle stripe. The two outer bands represent the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, and also represent the blue sky and brotherhood. The inner band represents the land between the ocean and the sea, the peace and prosperity of its people, and purity of thoughts. The five stars represent the five nations of the former Federal Republic of Central America and the hope that the nations may form a union again.
The Greater Republic of Central America, later the United States of Central America, originally planned to be known as the Republic of Central America, was a short-lived political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, lasting from 1896 to 1898. It was an attempt to revive the failed Federal Republic of Central America that existed earlier in the century.
José Manuel Zelaya Rosales is a Honduran politician who was President of Honduras from 27 January 2006 until his forcible removal in the 2009 coup d'état, and who since January 2022 serves as the first First Gentleman of Honduras. He is the eldest son of a wealthy businessman, and inherited his father's nickname "Mel". Before entering politics he was involved in his family's logging and timber businesses.
Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento, also known as Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, is a Honduran politician who has served as the 56th president of Honduras since January 2022. She is the country's first female president, and once served as first lady during the presidency of her husband Manuel Zelaya.
The modern history of Honduras is replete with large-scale disappearances of left-leaning union members, students and others. The legislature approved a new constitution in 1982, and the Liberal Party government of President Roberto Suazo Córdova took office. Suazo relied on United States support — including controversial social and economic development projects sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development — during a severe economic recession. According to the US State Department, "Honduras became host to the largest Peace Corps mission in the world, and non-governmental and international voluntary agencies proliferated."
Liberty and Refoundation is a left-wing political party in Honduras. Libre was founded in 2011 by the National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP), a leftist coalition of organizations opposed to the 2009 coup.
General elections were held in Honduras on 24 November 2013. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President, the 128 members of the National Congress, 298 Mayors and vice-mayors and their respective councilors and 20 representatives to the Central American Parliament.
The nations of Honduras and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1879. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
Honduras–Spain relations are the diplomatic relations between Honduras and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States.
The following lists events that happened during 2020 in Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
General elections were held in Honduras on 28 November 2021. Among the positions being contested was the President of Honduras, head of state and head of government of Honduras, to replace Juan Orlando Hernández from the National Party. Also up for election were the 128 deputies of the National Congress, 20 deputies to the Central American Parliament, 298 mayors and 298 vice mayors, as well as 2,092 council members.
The following lists events that happened during 2022 in Central America.
The Second Central American Civil War or the Second Central American Federal War was a military conflict in Central America between 1838 and 1840.
The following lists events of 2024 in Central America.
| 1821–1839 |  | |
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| 1839–1982 |
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| Democratic era (since 1982) | ||
