This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter M:
Name | Type | Imperial circle | Imperial diet | History |
---|---|---|---|---|
Magdeburg | Archbishopric | Low Sax | see Duchy | 968: Formed 1180: Imperial immediacy 1680: Secularised as Duchy for Brandenburg |
Magdeburg | Burgraviate | n/a | n/a | c. 1000: Enfieffed to Walbeck 1080: Enfeoffed to Herman of Spanheim 1118: To Groitzsch 1136: Enfeoffed to Querfurt 1178: To Querfurt-Magdeburg 1269: To Saxe-Wittenberg |
Magdeburg | Duchy | Low Sax | PR | 1680: Archbishopric of Magdeburg secularised as Duchy for Brandenburg 1807: Dissolved; west to Westphalia, east to Prussia |
Maidburg-Hardegg | Burgraviate | n/a | n/a | 1278: Younger branch of Querfurt-Magdeburg assumed the name Maidburg-Hardegg after inheriting Hardegg 1481: To Austria 1484: Extinct |
Mainau | Commandry of the Teutonic Order | Swab | n/a | 724: To Reichenau Abbey 1271: To the Teutonic Order 1730: Acquired Dettingen, Dingelsdorf and Litzelstetten 1783: Acquired Allmannsdorf 1806: To Baden |
Mainz | Archbishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Elector | El Rhin | EL | 4th Century: Formed 780: Archbishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Elector 1803: To the Archbishopric of Regensburg |
Mainz | Imperial City | n/a | n/a | 1244: Free Imperial City 1462: To the Archbishopric of Mainz |
Malberg | Lordship | n/a | n/a | 1273: Acquired by Reifferscheid; to the Elder Line 1302: To Luxembourg |
Manderscheid | Lordship 1457: County | n/a | n/a | 1133: First mentioned 1445: Acquired Schleiden 1457: HRE Count 1469: Acquired Blankenheim 1488: Partitioned into Manderscheid-Schleiden, Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein and Manderscheid-Kail |
Manderscheid-Blankenheim | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1530: Partitioned from Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein 1780: Extinct in male line; to Sternberg-Manderscheid by marriage |
Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1488: Partitioned from Manderscheid 1530: Partitioned into Manderscheid-Gerolstein and Manderscheid-Blankenheim |
Manderscheid-Gerolstein | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1530: Partitioned from Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein 1697: Extinct; to Manderscheid-Blankenheim |
Manderscheid-Kail | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1488: Partitioned from Manderscheid 1742: Extinct; to Manderscheid-Blankenheim |
Manderscheid-Schleiden | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1488: Partitioned from Manderscheid 1545: Acquired Virneburg 1560: Partitioned into Manderscheid-Schleiden-Kerpen and Manderscheid-Schleiden-Virneburg |
Manderscheid-Schleiden-Kerpen | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1560: Partitioned from Manderscheid-Schleiden 1583: Under Imperial ban 1593: Extinct; divided between Manderscheid-Kail and Mark-Schleiden in succession dispute |
Manderscheid-Schleiden-Virneburg | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1560: Partitioned from Manderscheid-Schleiden 1590: Extinct in male line; to Manderscheid-Gerolstein by marriage 1639: To Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg by marriage |
Mansfeld | County | n/a | n/a | c. 1050: First mentioned as a title of the gau counts in Hassegau 1112: Count of Mansfeld primary title c. 1215: Partitioned into itself and Friedeberg 1229: Extinct; to Querfurt-Mansfeld 1246: Querfurt-Mansfeld assumed the name Mansfeld 1266: Partitioned into itself and Schraplau 1273: Partitioned into Mansfeld Elder Line and Mansfeld Younger Line |
Mansfeld-Arnstein | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1580: Mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg 1615: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Artern, Mansfeld-Bornstedt, Mansfeld-Eisleben and Mansfeld-Friedeburg |
Mansfeld-Artern | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1580: Mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg 1631: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Bornstedt and Mansfeld-Eisleben |
Mansfeld-Bornstedt HRE Prince and Prince of Fondi, Count and Lord of Mansfeld, Noble Lord of Heldrungen, Seeburg and Schraplau, Lord of the Lordship of Dobrzisch, Neuhaus and Arnstein | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1580: Mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg 1780: Extinct; Saxon portion to Saxony, Magdeburgian portion to Magdeburg. Mansfeld property in the Habsburg domain to Austria 1789: Austrian fiefs to Colloredo-Mansfeld |
Mansfeld-Eisleben | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1580: Mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg 1710: Extinct; to Mansfeld-Bornstedt |
Mansfeld Elder Line | County | n/a | n/a | 1273: Partitioned from Mansfeld 1313: Extinct; to Mansfeld Younger Line |
Mansfeld-Friedeburg | County 1594: Principality | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1580: Mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg 1594: HRE Prince 1626: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Artern, Mansfeld-Bornstedt and Mansfeld-Eisleben |
Mansfeld-Heldrungen | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1563: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Vorderort 1572: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Arnstein, Mansfeld-Artern, Mansfeld-Bornstedt, Mansfeld-Eisleben and Mansfeld-Friedeburg |
Mansfeld-Hinterort | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1501: Partitioned from Mansfeld Line 1 1547: Under Imperial Ban 1552: Imperial Ban lifted 1560: Partitioned into Mansfeld-Hinterort Elder Line, Mansfeld-Hinterort Intermediate Line and Mansfeld-Hinterort Younger Line |
Mansfeld-Hinterort Elder Line | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1560: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Hinterort 1666: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Bornstedt and Mansfeld-Eisleben |
Mansfeld-Hinterort Intermediate Line | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1560: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Hinterort 1628: Extinct; to Mansfeld-Hinterort Elder Line |
Mansfeld-Hinterort Younger Line | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1560: Partitioned from Mansfeld-Hinterort 1594: Extinct; divided between Mansfeld-Hinterort Elder Line and Mansfeld-Hinterort Intermediate Line |
Mansfeld Line 1 | County | n/a | n/a | 1420: Partitioned from Mansfeld Younger Line 1442: Acquired half of Friedeburg, and Salzmünde 1482: Acquired Heldrungen 1492: Extinct; to Mansfeld Line 2 |
Mansfeld Line 2 | County | n/a | n/a | 1420: Partitioned from Mansfeld Younger Line 1449/52: Acquired Artern 1501: Partitioned into Mansfeld-Vorderort, Mansfeld-Mittelort and Mansfeld-Hinterort |
Mansfeld Line 3 | County | n/a | n/a | 1420: Partitioned from Mansfeld Younger Line 1442: Acquired half of Friedeburg 1499: Extinct; to Mansfeld Line 2 |
Mansfeld-Mittelort (Mansfeld-Schraplau) | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1501: Partitioned from Mansfeld Line 1 1602: Extinct; to the lines of Mansfeld-Hinterort |
Mansfeld-Vorderort | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1501: Partitioned from Mansfeld Line 1 1563: Partitioned into Mansfeld-Bornstedt, Mansfeld-Eisleben, Mansfeld-Friedeburg, Mansfeld-Arnstein, Mansfeld-Artern and Mansfeld-Heldrungen 1580: Mansfeld-Vorderort mediatised; 3/5 to Saxony, 2/5 to Magdeburg |
Mansfeld Younger Line | County | n/a | n/a | 1273: Partitioned from Mansfeld 1420: Partitioned into Mansfeld Line 1, Mansfeld Line 2 and Mansfeld Line 3 |
Marchtal | Abbacy | Swab | SP | bef. 776: Formed 1500: Imperial immediacy 1803: To Thurn and Taxis 1806: To Württemberg |
Mark (Marck) | 1198: County | Low Rhen | PR | 1226: Renamed from Altena-Berg 1299: Acquired Arenberg 1328: Partitioned into itself and Mark-Arenberg 1391: To Cleves 1394: To Cleves-Mark 1521: To Jülich-Cleves-Berg 1609: Extinct; War of Jülich Succession between Brandenburg and Palatinate-Neuburg 1614: To Brandenburg 1807: To France 1808: To Berg 1813: To Prussia |
Mark-Arenberg (Marck-Arenberg) | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1328: Partitioned from Mark 1454: Partitioned into itself and Mark-Rochefort 1547: To Ligne by marriage; who assumed the name Arenberg |
Mark-Rochefort (Marck-Rochefort) | County | n/a | n/a | 1454: Partitioned from Mark-Arenberg 1544: Extinct; to Louis of Stolberg-Stolberg, founder of line Stolberg-Rochefort |
Mark-Schleiden (Marck-Schleiden) | County | Low Rhen | WE | 1593: Philip of Marck inherited part of Manderscheid-Schleiden-Kerpen, assumed the name Mark-Schleiden 1774: Extinct; to Arenberg |
Marmoutier (Maursmünster) | Abbacy | Upp Rhen | SP | by 659: Formed 659: Imperial immediacy 1648: To France 1789: Suppressed |
Martinstein | Lordship | n/a | n/a | Formerly to Daun 1340: To the Archbishopric of Mainz 1353: Enfeoffed to Grasewege 1389: Enfeoffed to Merxheim c. 1555: Enfeoffed to Hunoltstein and Sickingen 1655: Sovereignty to Schönborn 1660: Enfeoffed to Weyers-Leyen and Ebersberg 1716: Sovereignty to Baden 1771: Ebersberg fief to Baden 1795: To France 1815: To Prussia |
Massa and Carrara (Malaspina) | Marquisate 1568: Principality 1662: Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara | n/a | n/a | 1473: Formed when Massa acquired Carrara 1568: HRE Prince 1664: HRE Duke 1796: To the Cispadane Republic 1797: To the Cisalpine Republic 1802: To Italy 1815: Restored 1829: To Modena and Reggio |
Matsch | Barony | n/a | n/a | 12th Century: Formed 1278: Acquired Tarasp 1344: Acquired Castels 1348: Lost Chiavenna, Puschlav and Bormio to Milan 1365?: Acquired Greifenstein 1372: Sold Malans to Underwegen 1394: Lost Greifenstein to the Bishopric of Chur 1400: Acquired Steinsberg 1421: Lost Advocacy of Marienberg and Müstair to the Tyrol 1464: Sold Tarasp to the Tyrol 1487: Under Imperial Ban 1496: Sold Castels to Austria 1504: Extinct; remaining territories to Trapp |
Maulbronn | Abbacy | Swab | SP | 1147: Established with imperial immediacy 1504: Made fief of Württemberg 1534: Abbey suppressed 1548: Abbey restored as fief of Württemberg 1807: Secularised and suppressed |
Mechelen (Malines) | Lordship 1490: County (title remained "Lord") | Burg | n/a | 910: Fief of Bishop of Liège 1333: To Flanders 1369: To Burgundy 1483: To the Burgundian Netherlands 1516: To the Spanish Netherlands 1713: To the Austrian Netherlands 1795: To France 1815: To the Netherlands 1830: To Belgium |
Mecklenburg | Principality 1347: Duchy | n/a | n/a | 1167: Obotrite prince became a vassal of Saxony, known then on in Germany as Mecklenburg 1180: Imperial immediacy 1234: Partitioned into itself, Werle, Rostock and Parchim-Richenberg 1255: Acquired Sternberg 1301: Acquired Wismar 1304: Acquired Stargard 1312: Acquired Rostock 1319: Acquired Prignitz and Uckermark 1325: Lost Prignitz and Uckermark 1347: HRE Duke 1352: Partitioned into Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Stargard |
Mecklenburg-Grabow | Duchy | n/a | n/a | c. 1669: Appanage created in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1747: Inherited Mecklenburg-Schwerin; appanage abolished |
Mecklenburg-Güstrow | Duchy | Low Sax | PR | 1480: Partitioned from Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1483: Extinct; to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1520: Partitioned from Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1610: Extinct; to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1621: Partitioned from Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1628-31: To Wallenstein 1695: Extinct in male line; succession dispute 1701: Ratzeburg and Stargard to Mecklenburg-Strelitz; rest to Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
Mecklenburg-Mirow | Duchy | n/a | n/a | 1658: Appanage created in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1675: Extinct; to Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wendes, Schwerin & Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock and Stargard | Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy | Low Sax | PR | 1352: Partitioned from Mecklenburg 1358: Acquired Schwerin 1480: Partitioned into itself and Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1436: Acquired 1/3 of Werle 1520: Partitioned into itself and Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1552: Succession dispute 1556: Given to John Albert I, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1621: Partitioned into itself and Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1628-31: To Wallenstein 1648: Acquired the Bishopric of Schwerin 1658: Appanage Mecklenburg-Mirow 1669: Appanage Mecklenburg-Grabow created 1815: Grand Duchy |
Mecklenburg-Stargard | Duchy | n/a | n/a | 1352: Partitioned from Mecklenburg 1408: Partitioned into Mecklenburg-Stargard-Sternberg and Mecklenburg-Stargard-Neubrandenburg 1438: Reunited by Mecklenburg-Stargard-Neubrandenburg 1471: Extinct; to Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
Mecklenburg-Stargard-Neubrandenburg | Duchy | n/a | n/a | 1408: Partitioned from Mecklenburg-Stargard 1436: Acquired 1/3 of Werle 1438: Renamed to Mecklenburg-Stargard |
Mecklenburg-Stargard-Sternberg | Duchy | n/a | n/a | 1408: Partitioned from Mecklenburg-Stargard 1436: Acquired 1/3 of Werle 1438: Extinct; to Mecklenburg-Stargard-Neubrandenburg |
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wendes, Schwerin and Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock and Stargard | Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy | Low Sax | PR | 1701: Created from Ratzeburg and Stargard from Mecklenburg-Güstrow for Adolphus Frederick II 1815: Grand Duke |
Megen | County | n/a | n/a | 1145: First mentioned; fief of Lower Lotharingia 1190: Imperial immediacy 1420: Extinct; to Dicbier 1469: To Brimeu 1610: To Croÿ 1666: To Velen 1697: To the Palatinate 1728: To Schall von Bell 1794: To France 1800: To the Batavian Republic 1806: To Holland 1810: To France 1815: To the Netherlands |
Meissen | Bishopric | Upp Sax | EC | 948: Formed 1180: Imperial immediacy 13th Century: HRE Prince of the Empire 1666: To Saxony |
Meissen | Burgraviate | n/a | n/a | bef. 1006: First mentioned 1170: To Sterker von Wohlsbach 1199: To Werben c. 1350: To Werben-Hartenstein 1388: To Werben-Frauenstein 1426: Acquired by Plauen-Plauen who adopted the style 1466: Lost Plauen, Pausa, Gefell, and Graßlitz to Saxony 1572: Extinct; to Saxony |
Meissen | Margraviate | n/a | n/a | 965: Partitioned from the Marca Geronis 982: Acquired Merseburg and Zeitz 1002: Lost Lusatia 1247: Acquired Thuringia and the County Palatine of Saxony 1261: Partitioned into itself and Landsberg 1423: Purchased Saxony; henceforth Elector of Saxony |
Memmingen | Imperial City | Swab | SW | 1286: Free Imperial City 1802: To Bavaria |
Mergentheim | Commandry of the Teutonic Order | Franc | EC | 1058: First mentioned; property of Hohenlohe 1219: To the Teutonic Order 1527: Main seat of the Grandmaster of the Order 1805: HRE Prince 1809: To Württemberg |
Merseburg | Bishopric | Upp Sax | EC | 968: Formed 1004: HRE Prince of the Empire 1565: To Saxony 1656: To Saxe-Merseburg 1738: To Saxony 1815: To Prussia |
Merseburg | Burgraviate | n/a | n/a | c. 920: to Goseck 1004: Title retained by Goseck but not the property |
Merseburg | Margraviate | n/a | n/a | 965: Partitioned from the Marca Geronis 982: Extinct; to the Margraviate of Meissen |
Meßkirch (Messkirch) | Lordship | Swab | SC | 1080: First mentioned; to Rohrdorf c. 1210: To Frederick of Waldburg who founded the line Waldburg-Rohrdorf c. 1300: To Waldburg-Meßkirch 1354: To Zimmern 1508: To Zimmern-Meßkirch 1594: To Helfenstein-Gundelfingen 1627: To Fürstenberg-Messkirch 1744: To Fürstenberg 1806: To Baden |
Metz | Bishopric | Upp Rhen | EC | by 535: Established 945, 1047, 1152: Acquired Metzgau piecemeal 1065: Acquired Saarbrücken 1123: Lost Saarbrücken 1241: Lost Dagsburg 1558: Most to France 1632: All territory of the Bishopric to France 1648: Annexation to France formally recognised |
Metz | Imperial City | Upp Rhen | RH | 1189: Free Imperial City 1552: To France 1648: Annexation to France formally recognised |
Michaelsberg (Siegberg) | Abbacy | Low Rhen | RP | 1064: Formed 1512: Imperial immediacy 1676: To Palatinate-Neuburg 1685: To the Palatinate 1802: Suppressed |
Mindelheim | Lordship 1714: Principality of Mindelheim and Schwabegg | Swab | SC / PR | 1250: First mentioned by 1370: To Teck 1439: To Rechberg-Babenhausen 1467: Sold to Frundsberg 1591: Sold to Fugger-Kirchheim 1598: To Fugger-Glött 1616: To Bavaria 1704: To Churchill-Marlborough; HRE Prince 1714: To Bavaria |
Minden | Bishopric | Low Rhen | see below | 800: Formed 1180: Imperial immediacy; HRE Prince 1648: Secularized as a Principality for Brandenburg |
Minden | Principality | Low Rhen | PR | 1648: Secularized from the Bishopric of Minden for Brandenburg 1807: To Westphalia 1815: To Prussia |
Moers (Mörs) | Lordship c. 1230: County 1706: Principality | Low Rhen | WE | c. 1160: First mention of Lords of Moers; fief of the Archbishopric of Cologne c. 1230: HRE Count 1288: Fief of Cleves 1385: Acquired Friemersheim 1399: Acquired Saarwerden by marriage 1417: Partitioned into itself and Moers-Saarwerden 1488: Seized by the Emperor 1493: To Wied-Runkel 1500: Returned to Moers 1501: Extinct; to Moers-Saarwerden 1510: To Wied-Runkel 1519: To Neuenahr-Bedburg 1584: To Spain 1597: To Neuenahr-Bedburg 1600: To Cleves 1601: To Maurice of Nassau-Orange; united with Nassau-Orange from 1618: Formed 1607: Imperial immediacy 1702: To Prussia 1794: To France 1815: To Prussia |
Moers-Saarwerden | County | Upp Rhen | WE | 1417: Partitioned from Moers 1527: Extinct; to Nassau-Saarbrücken |
Mondsee | Abbacy | ? | SP | 748: Formed 788: Imperial immediacy 831: To the Bishopric of Regensburg 1142: Regained imperial immediacy 1506: Fief of Austria 1791: Suppressed |
Mons (Bergen) | County | n/a | n/a | 980: Partitioned from Hainaut 1071: Extinct; to Hainaut |
Monschau (Montjoie) | Barony | n/a | n/a | 1221: Mentioned as a property of Limburg 1226: To Limburg-Monschau 1262: To Valkenburg 1354: To Schönau-Schönforst 1433: To Jülich |
Montbéliard (Mömpelgard) | County | Swab | PR | 10th Century: First mentioned 1105: To Scarponnois 1163: To Montfaucon who assumed the title Montbéliard 1397: To Württemberg by marriage 1793: To France |
Montechiarugolo | County | 1180: Partitioned from Guastalla 1612: Acquired by the Duchy of Parma | ||
Montfort | County | n/a | n/a | 1180: Partitioned from Tübingen 1258: Partitioned into Montfort-Feldkirch, Montfort-Bregenz, Montfort-Tettnang, Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Werdenberg-Sargans |
Montfort-Bregenz | County | n/a | n/a | 1258: Partitioned from Montfort c. 1290: Sigmaringen sold to Austria 1338: Extinct; to Montfort-Tettnang |
Montfort-Bregenz-Bregenz | County | Swab | SC | 1482: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck 1525: Sold to Austria 1550: Extinct |
Montfort-Bregenz-Montfort | County | Swab | SC | 1482: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck 1515: Extinct; to Montfort-Bregenz-Bregenz |
Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau (Montfort-Bregenz-Beckach) | County | Swab | SC | 1524: Renamed from Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg; fief of Styria 1574: Acquired territory of Montfort-Tettnang-Rothenfels 1581: Sold Liebenfels to Matthias Laymann 1592: Sold Wasserburg to Fugger-Weißenhorn 1576: Partitioned into Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Montfort, Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Tettnang and Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Peggau |
Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Montfort (Montfort-Bregenz-Beckach-Montfort) | County | Swab | SC | 1576: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau 1590: Extinct; to Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Tettnang |
Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Peggau (Montfort-Bregenz-Beckach-Beckach) | County | n/a | n/a | 1576: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau 1596: Sold Peggau 1617: Extinct |
Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau-Tettnang (Montfort-Bregenz-Beckach-Tettnang) | County | Swab | SC | 1576: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau 1657: Acquired Schomburg 1764: Liebenau sold to Weingarten Abbey 1780: Sold to Austria 1787: Extinct |
Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg | County | Swab | SC | 1423: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Elder Line 1437: Extinct; to Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck 1482: Partitioned from Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck 1524: Sold Pfannberg to Styria; renamed to Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau |
Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck | County | n/a | n/a | 1423: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Elder Line 1482: Partitioned into Montfort-Bregenz-Bregenz, Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg and Montfort-Bregenz-Montfort |
Montfort-Feldkirch | County | n/a | n/a | 1258: Partitioned from Montfort 1302: Partitioned into itself and Montfort-Tosters 1375: Sold to Austria 1390: Extinct |
Montfort-Tettnang | County | n/a | n/a | 1258: Partitioned from Montfort 1287: Sold Scheer to Austria 1314: Acquired Scheer and Friedberg 1331: Acquired Rothenfels 1354: Partitioned into Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang and Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz |
Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz | County | n/a | n/a | 1354: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang 1362: Acquired Pfannberg 1379: Partitioned into Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Elder Line and Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Younger Line |
Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Elder Line | County | n/a | n/a | 1379: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz 1423: Partitioned into Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg and Montfort-Bregenz-Stadeck |
Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz Younger Line | County | n/a | n/a | 1379: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz 1458: Sold to Austria |
Montfort-Tettnang-Langenargen | County | n/a | n/a | 1439: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang 1445: Extinct; to Montfort-Tettnang-Rothenfels |
Montfort-Tettnang-Rothenfels | County | Swab | SC | 1439: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang 1567: Rothenfels sold to Königsegg-Aulendorf 1574: Extinct; to Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau |
Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang | County | Swab | SC | 1354: Partitioned from Montfort-Tettnang 1386: Acquired Wasserburg 1399: Acquired Oberstaufen 1414: Scheer and Friedberg to Zillenhard 1420: Acquired Bludenz 1437: Acquired Davos and Prättigau 1439: Partitioned into itself, Montfort-Tettnang-Rothenfels and Montfort-Tettnang-Langenargen 1526: Extinct; to Montfort-Tettnang-Rothenfels |
Montfort-Toggenburg | County | n/a | n/a | 1436: Henry V of Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang obtained part of Toggenburg 1483: Extinct; to Montfort-Tettnang-Tettnang |
Montfort-Tosters | County | n/a | n/a | 1302: Partitioned from Montfort-Feldkirch 1359: Extinct; to Montfort-Feldkirch |
Mosbach | Imperial City | n/a | n/a | 1241: Free Imperial City 1297: To Breuberg 1367: To the Palatinate 1410: To Palatinate-Mosbach 1448: To Palatinate-Mosbach-Neumarkt 1499: To the Palatinate 1803: To Leiningen 1806: To Baden |
Mühlhausen | Imperial City | Low Sax | RH | 1251: Free Imperial City 1802: To Prussia 1807: To Westphalia 1815: To Prussia |
Mulhouse (Mülhausen) | Imperial City | Upp Rhen | RH | 1275: Free Imperial City 1437: Acquired Illzach and Modenheim 1515: Ally of the Swiss Confederation 1648: Left the Empire as a Swiss ally 1798: To France |
Münchenroth (Mönchsrot) See: Rot an der Rot | Abbacy | |||
Münster (Munster) | Bishopric | Low Rhen | EC | c. 795: Formed 1122: Acquired Kappenberg as fief of Saxony 1134: HRE Prince of the Empire c. 1170: Acquired Stromberg as fief of Saxony 1180: Imperial immediacy 1252: Acquired Vechta 1269: Acquired Horstmar 1400: Acquired Ahaus 1803: Secularized and divided between Prussia, Arenberg, Looz-Corswarem, Salm-Kyrburg, Salm-Salm and Croÿ |
Munster (Münster im Gregoriental) | Imperial City | Upp Rhen | RH | 1354?: Free Imperial City 1648: To France |
Murbach | Abbacy | Upp Rhen | RP | 722: Formed 792: Imperial immediacy 1648: To France 1789: Secularised |
Muri | Abbacy | n/a | n/a | 1027: Formed Abbey never held immediate territory 1648: To Switzerland 1701: HRE Prince of the Empire |
Myllendonk (Millendonk) | Lordship | Low Rhen | WE | 1166: First mentioned 1268: Made fief of Guelders 1279: Fief of the Archbishopric of Cologne 1297: Sold to Reifferscheid-Myllendonk as fief of Cologne c. 1300: Extinct 1346/50: To Myllendonk-Mirlaer as fief of Cologne 1612: To Bronckhorst-Batenberg as fief of Cologne 1641: To Croÿ-Myllendonk as fief of Cologne 1683: To Croÿ as fief of Cologne 1694: To Berlepsch as fief of Cologne 1700: To Ostein; imperial immediacy, Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle 1794: To France 1815: To Prussia |
The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power". The Imperial Household Law governs the line of imperial succession. Pursuant to his constitutional role as a national symbol, and in accordance with rulings by the Supreme Court of Japan, the emperor is personally immune from prosecution. By virtue of his position as the head of the Imperial House, the emperor is also recognized as the head of the Shinto religion, which holds him to be the direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu. According to tradition, the office of emperor was created in the 7th century BC, but the first historically verifiable emperors appear around the 5th or 6th centuries AD.
The gallon is a unit of volume in British imperial units and United States customary units. Three different versions are in current use:
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages and lasted for almost a thousand years until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
The imperial system of units, imperial system or imperial units is the system of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act 1824 and continued to be developed through a series of Weights and Measures Acts and amendments.
United States customary units form a system of measurement units commonly used in the United States and most U.S. territories, since being standardized and adopted in 1832. The United States customary system developed from English units that were in use in the British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country. The United Kingdom's system of measures was overhauled in 1824 to create the imperial system, which was officially adopted in 1826, changing the definitions of some of its units. Consequently, while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their imperial counterparts, there are noticeable differences between the systems.
Star Destroyers are capital ships in the fictional Star Wars universe. Star Destroyers were produced by Kuat Drive Yards, later Kuat-Entralla Engineering, and serve as "the signature vessel of the fleet" for the Galactic Republic, Galactic Empire, the First Order, and the Sith Eternal in numerous published works including film, television, novels, comics, and video games.
The Forbidden City is the imperial palace complex in the center of the Imperial City in Beijing, China. It was the residence of 24 Ming and Qing dynasty Emperors, and the center of political power in China for over 500 years from 1420 to 1924. The palace is now administered by the Palace Museum. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. The Forbidden City is arguably the most famous palace in all of Chinese history, and is the largest preserved royal palace complex still standing in the world.
Imperial County is a county located on the southeast border of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 179,702, making it the least populous county in Southern California. The county seat and largest city is El Centro. Imperial is the most recent California county to be established, as it was created in 1907 out of portions of San Diego County.
The eastern imperial eagle is a large bird of prey that breeds in southeastern Europe and extensively through West and Central Asia. Most populations are migratory and winter in northeastern Africa, the Middle East and South and East Asia. Like all eagles, the eastern imperial eagle is a member of the family Accipitridae. Furthermore, its feathered legs mark it as a member of the subfamily Aquilinae. It is a large, dark-colored eagle, with a resemblance to other members of the genus Aquila but it is usually the darkest species in its range. This is an opportunistic predator that mostly selects smallish mammals as prey but also a fairly large proportion of birds, reptile and other prey types, including carrion. Compared to other Aquila eagles, it has a strong preference for the interface of tall woods with plains and other open, relatively flat habitats, including the wooded mosaics of the steppe. Normally, nests are located in large, mature trees and the parents raise around one or two fledglings. The global population is small and declining due to persecution, loss of habitat and prey. It has therefore been IUCN Red Listed as Vulnerable since 1994.
The pint is a unit of volume or capacity in both the imperial and United States customary measurement systems. In both of those systems it is traditionally one eighth of a gallon. The British imperial pint is about 20% larger than the American pint because the two systems are defined differently. Almost all other countries have standardized on the metric system, so although some of them still also have traditional units called pints, the volume varies by regional custom.
A fluid ounce is a unit of volume typically used for measuring liquids. The British Imperial, the United States customary, and the United States food labeling fluid ounce are the three that are still in common use, although various definitions have been used throughout history.
The long ton, also known as the imperial ton or displacement ton, is a measurement unit equal to 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kg). It is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois system of weights or Imperial system of measurements. It was standardised in the 13th century. It is used in the United States for bulk commodities.
The Imperial Valley of Southern California lies in Imperial and Riverside counties, with an urban area centered on the city of El Centro. The Valley is bordered by the Colorado River to the east and, in part, the Salton Sea to the west. Farther west lies the San Diego and Imperial County border. To the north is the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County, which together with Imperial Valley form the Salton Trough, or the Cahuilla Basin, also the county line of Imperial and Riverside counties, and to the south the international boundary with Mexico.
The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.
A system of units of measurement, also known as a system of units or system of measurement, is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other. Systems of measurement have historically been important, regulated and defined for the purposes of science and commerce. Instances in use include the International System of Units or SI, the British imperial system, and the United States customary system.
HM Coastal Motor Boat 4 is the torpedo boat used when Lieutenant Augustus Agar earned a Victoria Cross for carrying out a raid on Soviet warships in Kronstadt and sinking the cruiser Oleg.
Both the British imperial measurement system and United States customary systems of measurement derive from earlier English unit systems used prior to 1824 that were the result of a combination of the local Anglo-Saxon units inherited from Germanic tribes and Roman units.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India was a gazetteer of the British Indian Empire, and is now a historical reference work. It was first published in 1881. Sir William Wilson Hunter made the original plans of the book, starting in 1869.
Neil Morris Ferguson is a British epidemiologist and professor of mathematical biology, who specialises in the patterns of spread of infectious disease in humans and animals. He is the director of the Jameel Institute, and of the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and head of the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology in the School of Public Health and Vice-Dean for Academic Development in the Faculty of Medicine, all at Imperial College London.
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