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Jewish prayer are the prayer recitations and Jewish meditation traditions that form part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book. However, the term tefillah as referenced in the Talmud refers specifically to the Shemoneh Esreh.
Shema Yisrael is a Jewish prayer, and is also the first two words of a section of the Torah, and is the title of a prayer that serves as a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish prayer services. The first verse encapsulates the monotheistic essence of Judaism: "Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one", found in Deuteronomy 6:4. Observant Jews consider the Shema to be the most important part of the prayer service in Judaism, and its twice-daily recitation as a mitzvah. Also, it is traditional for Jews to say the Shema as their last words, and for parents to teach their children to say it before they go to sleep at night.
The Amidah, also called the Shemoneh Esreh, is the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy. This prayer, among others, is found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book. Due to its importance, it is simply called hatefila in rabbinic literature.
Ahava rabbah is a prayer and blessing that is recited by followers of Ashkenazi Judaism during Shacharit immediately prior to the Shema, the "Hear O Israel..." prayer. Sephardi Jews, as well as those whose custom is Nusach Sepharad, begin this blessing with the words "Ahavat Olam" instead of Ahava rabbah; which is not to be confused with the shorter blessing of Ahavat Olam recited by both Sefardim and Ashkenazim during Maariv.
Berakhot is the first tractate of Seder Zeraim of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. The tractate discusses the rules of prayers, particularly the Shema and the Amidah, and blessings for various circumstances.
Zmanim are specific times of the day in Jewish law.
Kedushah is a Hebrew word meaning "holiness". The term is frequently used in Judaism to describe God, and worldly items can also have holy status.
Siddur Sim Shalom refers to any siddur in a family of siddurim, Jewish prayerbooks, and related commentaries, published by the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism.
Chona Menachem Mendel (Mendel) Weinbach was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, educator, author, and speaker. As the co-founder and dean of Ohr Somayach Institutions, a Jerusalem-based yeshiva for newly-observant Jewish men, he was considered one of the fathers of the modern-day baal teshuva movement.
Psalm 96 is the 96th psalm of the Book of Psalms, a hymn. The first verse of the psalm calls to praise in singing, "O sing a new song unto the Lord". Similar to Psalm 98 and Psalm 149, the psalm calls to praise God in music and dance, because he has chosen his people and helped them to victory. It is one of the royal psalms praising God as the King of His people. In other versions of the Bible, such as the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 95 in a slightly different numbering system.
Psalm 97 is the 97th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, "The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice", also as "The Lord is King". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 96 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Dominus regnavit exultet terra". The psalm is a hymn psalm.
Baruch Adonai L'Olam is a prayer that is recited during Maariv in the Ashkenazi tradition on weekdays immediately preceding the Amidah. It contains 18 verses followed by a blessing titled Yiru Eineinu.
Maariv or Ma'ariv, also known as Arvit, is a Jewish prayer service held in the evening or night. It consists primarily of the evening Shema and Amidah.
Yotzer ohr, also known as Birkat yotzer or Birkat Yotzer Or, is the first of the two blessings recited before the Shema during Shacharit, the morning religious services of Judaism.
Ahavat Olam is the second prayer that is recited during Maariv. It is the parallel blessing to Ahava Rabbah that is recited during Shacharit, and likewise, is an expression to God for the gift of the Torah.
Emet V'Emunah is the paragraph that is recited immediately following Shema during Maariv. Its recitation fulfills the obligation to recall the Exodus from Egypt during the evening.
Hashkiveinu is the second blessing following the Shema during Maariv. It is a petitionary prayer to be able to lie down in peace at night and to return to life the following day.
Piyyut is Jewish liturgical poetry, in Hebrew or occasionally Aramaic. Since the fifth century CE, piyyutim have been written in many different genres and subgenres. Most of these are defined by the function that the given poem fulfills in the context of Jewish prayer service; but a few are defined by other criteria, such as content.
References
- ↑ Shema is for Real By Joel Lurie Grishaver, page 62
- ↑ Teaching Tefilah: Insights and Activities on Prayer By Bruce Kadden, Barbara Binder Kadden, page 48
- ↑ Śiaḥ śarfe ḳodesh By Richard N. Levy, Hillel, the Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, page 57
- ↑ Teaching Tefilah: Insights and Activities on Prayer By Bruce Kadden, Barbara Binder Kadden, page 45
- ↑ Rabbinic-lay relations in Jewish law By Walter Jacob, Freehof Institute of Progressive Halakhah, Central Conference of American Rabbis, page 124