Mercedes-Benz E-Class

Last updated
Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Mercedes-Benz W214 1X7A1841.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer
Production1953–present (E-Class nomenclature adopted since 1993)
Body and chassis
Class Executive car (E)
Layout Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive
Chronology
Predecessor Mercedes-Benz W124 (pre-facelift models, 1984–1993)

The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is a range of executive cars manufactured by German automaker Mercedes-Benz in various engine and body configurations. Produced since September 1953, the E-Class falls as a midrange in the Mercedes line-up, and has been marketed worldwide across five generations.

Contents

Before 1993, the E in Mercedes-Benz nomenclature was a suffix following a vehicle's model number which stood for Einspritzmotor (German for fuel injection engine). It began to appear in the early 1960s, when that feature began to be utilized broadly in the maker's product line, and not just in its upper-tier luxury and sporting models. By the launch of the facelifted W124 in 1993 fuel injection was ubiquitous in Mercedes engines, and the E was adopted as a prefix (i.e., E 220). The model line is referred to officially as the E-Class (or E-Klasse). All generations of the E-Class have offered either rear-wheel drive or Mercedes' 4Matic four-wheel drive system.

The E-Class is Mercedes-Benz' best-selling model, with more than 13 million sold by 2015. [1] The first E-Class series was originally available as four-door sedan, five-door station wagon, two-door coupe and two-door convertible. From 1997 to 2009, the equivalent coupe and convertible were sold under the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class nameplate; which was based on the mechanical underpinnings of the smaller C-Class while borrowing the styling and some powertrains from the E-Class, a trend continued with the C207 E-Class coupe/convertible which was sold parallel to the W212 E-Class sedan/wagon. With the latest incarnation of the E-Class released for the 2017 model year, all body styles share the same W213 platform. [2]

Due to the E-Class's size and durability, it has filled many market segments, from personal cars to frequently serving as taxis in European countries, as well special-purpose vehicles (e.g., police or ambulance modifications) from the factory. [3] In November 2020, the W213 E-Class was awarded the 2021 Motor Trend Car of the Year award, a first for Mercedes-Benz. [4]

Predecessors

Mercedes 190D (W120) Mercedes 190D (W121).jpg
Mercedes 190D (W120)
Mercedes Benz (W110) W110.jpg
Mercedes Benz (W110)
Mercedes-Benz (W115) Mercedes-Benz 220D, circa 1974, Schaffen Diest, Fly-Drive 2013.JPG
Mercedes-Benz (W115)
Mercedes-Benz (W123) 1979 Mercedes-Benz 280 E (W 123) sedan (2010-12-04) 01.jpg
Mercedes-Benz (W123)

W120 (1953)

The first modern midsize Mercedes was the W120 'Ponton' 180 of 1953 and was produced until 1962. Sharing its engineering with the R121 190 SL of 1955, the Ponton was a stylish sedan with a four-cylinder engine. A larger-engined W121 190 appeared in 1958.

W110 (1961)

Mercedes added tailfins to both the big S-Class and the new W110 'Fintail' 190 of 1962. In the 1965 230 model a Straight-6 engine appeared for the first time, and the four-cylinder engine grew in displacement.

W114, W115 (1968)

The midsize Mercedes was redesigned in 1968 as the W114/W115 'Stroke-8'. This time, the 6-cylinder models (The W114s) were most prevalent, with the W115 line making up the bottom of the company's offerings with four- and five-cylinder power. Diesel engines joined the line-up, as did a coupé body.

W123 (1975)

The popular W123 quickly became a best-seller on its launch in 1976. Especially in diesel powered 200D and 240D (also the five-cylinder 300D) guises, the cars enhanced the company's reputation for product quality. Over 2.6 million were produced until the end of production in 1986. Saloon/Sedan, Coupé, and Estate body configurations were offered.

W124 (1984)

The W124 was presented in November 1984 and introduced several new standards for a mid-size Mercedes. It was the third car to inherit the company's new design theme since the late 1970s, following the flagship W126 and compact W201.

Similar to its predecessors, the W124 also offered a coupé and estate body styles. A new convertible (internally A124) was also available, making it the first mid-size Mercedes convertible.

First generation (W124; 1993)

Mercedes-Benz W124 (sedan) 94-95 Mercedes-Benz E-Class sedan.jpg
Mercedes-Benz W124 (sedan)

The "E-Class" name first appeared with the facelifted W124 in 1993 for the model year 1994 (the W124 was introduced in 1984 but continued with the older naming convention until 1993 when all Mercedes-Benz models switched to a new system, e.g. E 320 instead of 300 E). The diesel versions continued to be the fuel economy option over the four and six-cylinder gasoline engines, and the gasoline V8 engines (available after 1992) increased gasoline power outputs further. Four-cylinder gasoline models were not marketed in the United States. The V8-powered sedans/saloons were named 400 E/500 E from 1990 to 1993, and E 420/E 500 after 1993. Likewise, the 3.0-liter cars (e.g. 300 E) were also re-badged to E 320 with the new 3.2-liter M104 engines and naming rationalization of 1994. For the diesel models, the name change was less elegant, with the 250 D becoming the E 250 Diesel for example.

Sedan (W124), Coupé (C124), Convertible (A124), and Estate (S124) body configurations were offered.

Second generation (W210; 1994)

Mercedes-Benz W210 (Maryland, USA) Mercedes-Benz E-Class W210.jpg
Mercedes-Benz W210 (Maryland, USA)

The W210 E-Class, launched in January 1995, brought the line firmly into the upper end of the mid-size luxury market.

The E-class made major changes compared to the earlier version of the E-class, including four large oval headlights, which gave Mercedes an updated image intended to attract more younger buyers and women. The new E-class was 1.6 in (4.1 cm) longer and 2.3 in (5.8 cm) wider and offered significantly more interior room but was still considered mid-size. [5] [6]

In September 1999, the W210 E-class was facelifted. This included visual, mechanical, and quality improvements over the earlier versions.

The Mercedes-Benz E-Class was Motor Trend 's Import Car of the Year for 1996.

While the W210 sedan was replaced by the W211 in 2002, the wagon version continued to be sold until March 2003 when the S211 wagon returned the S210 wagon.

Third generation (W211; 2002)

Mercedes-Benz W211 '07-'09 Mercedes-Benz E Class Sedan (cropped).JPG
Mercedes-Benz W211

Launched in 2002, the W211 E-Class was another evolution of the previous model.

The W211-based C219 CLS-Class 4-door coupe was introduced as a niche model in 2005, primarily to attract a younger demographic.

The W211 E-Class was facelifted in June 2006 for the 2007 model year to address quality and technical issues raised by earlier models, Sensotronic was dropped, while Pre-Safe (w/o brake support) was made standard. The largest factory-built engine in the E-class range is the E500, which had its engine size increased from 5 liters to 5.5 liters in 2006 along with the facelift. There are also AMG models badged E55 and E63, AMG as well as other tuning house installations.

Fourth generation (W212; 2009)

Sedan and wagon (W212)

Mercedes-Benz E 250 (W212) 2013 Mercedes-Benz E 250 (W 212) sedan (2015-07-14).jpg
Mercedes-Benz E 250 (W212)

The W212 replaced the W211 in 2009 (as a 2010 model). Official photos of the W212 were leaked on the internet on 9 December 2008 ahead of its 2009 Geneva Motor Show unveiling. [7] Scans of a leaked brochure were posted onto the internet in January 2009, detailing the whole E-Class range including the new E 200 CGI and E 230 CGI with direct injected forced induction engines. New features included a blind spot monitor, Lane Keeping Assist, Pre-safe with Attention Assist, and Night View Assist Plus. In the United States the E-Class was priced nearly US$4,600 less than the previous model. [8] The W212 estate was also announced and available from November 2009. [9]

In 2013, the E-Class had a comprehensive facelift, featuring significant styling changes, fuel economy improvements, and updated safety features. Daimler invested close to €1 billion into the development of the extensive refresh, making it likely the most expensive mid-life facelift in the history of the automobile. [10] [11] The biggest change was the singular front lights replacing the twin headlamp design (marking the end of Mercedes's dual headlamps use) with integrated LED DRLs. [12] Although not an all-new model, the W212 facelift was the only mid-cycle refresh featured on a family portrait of several generations of the E-Class side by side by Mercedes-Benz for the unveiling of the W213 E-Class. [13] [14] While the factory has rated the E63S model at 577 hp/590 lb-ft, there is significant real-world dynamometer testing that indicates the AMG-tuned S model exceeds 600 hp at the flywheel.

Coupe and convertible (C207/A207)

Mercedes-Benz E 250 Sport CDi BlueEFFICIENCY (UK; C207) 2011 Mercedes-Benz E250 Sport CDi BlueEFFICIENCY Coupe 2.1 Front.jpg
Mercedes-Benz E 250 Sport CDi BlueEFFICIENCY (UK; C207)

The coupé (C207) was first shown at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, while the convertible (A207) was unveiled at the 2010 North American International Auto Show. [15] [16] Both models replaced the previous C209/A209 CLK-Class models. The C207/A207 E-Class is based on the W204 C-Class platform, and is produced alongside each other in the Bremen plant. [17]

Fifth generation (W213; 2016)

Mercedes-AMG E53 (W213 facelift) Mercedes-AMG E 53 (W213) FL IMG 3965.jpg
Mercedes-AMG E53 (W213 facelift)

The fifth generation E-Class was unveiled at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. [18] This generation E-Class has design cues from the larger W222 S-Class and the smaller W205 C-Class. [19] While the W212 E-Class has tighter surface and harder edges, the new model is curvier and more flowing. [20]

Engine options for the W213 E-Class saw a major update, thanks to the switch to inline six-cylinder engines from the previous V6 engines, [21] along with a new generation of four-cylinder diesel engines, codenamed OM654, and existing four-cylinder petrol engines. [22]

The W213 E-Class is the second-most technologically advanced Mercedes after the new S-Class. The E-Class received the latest in autonomous driving technology for use at highway speeds, capable of piloting itself up to speeds of 130 mph (210 km/h) for up to 2 minutes. The system uses a complex array of motion sensors, radars, and cameras to scan the road ahead, and requires the driver's hands to be placed on the wheel at all times. [23] [24] This feature was also available on the fourth-generation Mercedes-AMG E 63 model.

In 2020, Mercedes-Benz introduced a facelift to the W213.

Sixth generation (W214; 2023)

Mercedes-Benz E 400e (W214) Mercedes-Benz W214 IAA 2023 1X7A0284.jpg
Mercedes-Benz E 400e (W214)

The sixth generation E-Class debuted on April 25, 2023. Starting from this generation, coupés and convertibles will no longer bear the E-Class name. E-Class and C-Class coupés and convertibles will be spun off into their own CLE vehicle. [25]

Production and sales

YearProduction (sedan/estate/coupe/convertible)Sales
U.S.EuropeChina [note 1]
200144,445 [26] 128,208
200242,598156,317
200355,683 [27] 191,809
200458,954171,071
200550,383 [28] 125,348
200650,195110,494
200748,950 [29] 109,872
200838,57677,661
200943,072 [30] 100,9478,200 [31]
2010323,200 (208,400 / 44,400 / 49,600 / 20,800) [32] 60,922139,19240,760 [33]
2011338,38662,736 [34] 129,96344,738
2012310,40865,17198,14236,385
201369,803106,55936,836
2014- (257,571 / - / - )66,400 [35] 99,56543,708
2015232,453 [36] 55,88884,77157,853
2016304,200 [37] 50,89699,494
201751,312127,638
201846,422117,906
2019107,453
202070,171
202153,654
202239,782

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ 2011-2014 China sales only include locally produced versions, exclude imported versions.

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ "First new E-Class rolls off the production line in Sindelfingen". 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  2. ↑ "The 2018 Mercedes E400 Coupe Is a Modern Take On an Old Formula". 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  3. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Deutschland – Sonderfahrzeuge – Taxi – E-Klasse" (in German). Daimler AG. Archived from the original on 2008-09-17. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
  4. ↑ "The Mercedes-Benz E-Class Is the 2021 MotorTrend Car of the Year". MotorTrend. 2020-11-16. Archived from the original on 2021-06-19. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  5. ↑ Paul, Rik (January 1, 1996). "1996 Mercedes-Benz E-Class - Roadtest". Motor Trend . Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  6. ↑ "1996-02 Mercedes-Benz E-Class". consumerguide.com. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Mercedes E-Klasse: de eerste foto's". Autoscoops.eu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  8. ↑ Joseph, Noah (2009-04-05). "Mercedes slashes nearly $5k off the list price of a new E-Class – Autoblog". Autoblog.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  9. ↑ "2010 Mercedes E-Class Estate, Intelligent (E)state-of-the-art". Carthusiast.com. 2009-08-06. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  10. ↑ Mihnea Radu (8 November 2014). "2014 W212 and 2017 W213 Mercedes E-Class Sedans Spied Together [Video]". autoevolution. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  11. ↑ Alex Oagana (9 October 2013). "Mercedes-Benz E 350 W212 Facelift Gets Reviewed by Edmund's". autoevolution. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  12. ↑ "New Mercedes E-Class promises to give rivals a rough ride". 13 June 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  13. ↑ Cristian Gnaticov (11 December 2015). "2017 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Exterior Inadvertently Shown in Official Pics". Carscoops. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  14. ↑ "2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class styling revealed in interior promo shots". CarAdvice.com.au. Archived from the original on 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  15. ↑ "Geneva Motor Show debut for Mercedes Benz E-Class Coupe". Motor Authority. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
  16. ↑ "2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Cabriolet World Debut in Detroit". Motor1.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
  17. ↑ "2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Coupe a C-Class underneath?". Autoblog. Archived from the original on 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
  18. ↑ "Next generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class Sedan will likely debut in January 2016 at NAIAS [spy video]". Motor1.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-13. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
  19. ↑ Mihnea Radu (3 December 2014). "2016 Mercedes E-Class (W213) First Interior Spy Photos: S-CLass Inspiration". autoevolution. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  20. ↑ "2016 Mercedes E Class to world debut at NAIAS 2016". 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
  21. ↑ "Mercedes E-class (2016) spied: straight sixes are back!". CAR Magazine. Archived from the original on 2015-04-22. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  22. ↑ Greg Kable. "2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class - engines and launch date". autocar.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-07-26. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  23. ↑ "2016 Mercedes E-Class will be capable of autonomous driving". PerformanceDrive. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-06-15. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
  24. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz says autonomous technology is imminent, could debut on 2016 E-Class". Worldcarfans. Archived from the original on 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  25. ↑ "2024 Mercedes-Benz E-Class teased ahead of April 25 debut". Motor Authority. 6 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  26. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz USA Records Highest Sales in Its History. – Free Online Library". Thefreelibrary.com. 2003-01-03. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  27. ↑ "2004 Highest Year on Record for Mercedes-Benz USA". Theautochannel.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  28. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Rings in the New Year with Record 2006 Sales". Theautochannel.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  29. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz USA's Sales Drop 32.1 Percent in December 2008 | eMercedesBenz – The Unofficial Mercedes-Benz Weblog". eMercedesBenz. 2009-01-05. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  30. ↑ "Highest Sales Month for the Year at 21,469 Brings Mercedes-Benz to an... – MONTVALE, N.J., Jan. 4, 2011 /PRNewswire/" (Press release). New Jersey: Prnewswire.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  31. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz China Homepage – 2010 News – A Record-Breaking Year: Mercedes-Benz Concludes 2009 with Unprecedented Sales". Mercedes-benz.com.cn. 2010-01-11. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  32. ↑ "Successful Year for Mercedes-Benz: Sales Up 15 Percent Worldwide in 2010 | Daimler > Investor Relations > Capital Market Releases". Daimler. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  33. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz China Homepage – 2011 News – 115% Growth – Mercedes-Benz Remains China's Fastest Growing Premium brand in 2010". Mercedes-benz.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  34. ↑ Mercedes-Benz USA (3 January 2013). "Mercedes-Benz USA Hits Its Highest-Ever U.S. Volume With Sales of 305,072". prnewswire.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  35. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Delivers Record-Breaking 2014 Sales Volume of 330,391, Up 5.7%" (Press release). Mercedes-Benz. PR Newswire. 2015-01-05. Archived from the original on 2015-01-12. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  36. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2017-05-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ↑ "Information on Daimler AG" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-05-07.

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  • ——————, ed. (2007). Mercedes AMG Gold Portfolio 1983-1999. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN   978-1-85520-745-5.
  • ——————, ed. (2007). Mercedes AMG Ultimate Portfolio 2000-2006. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN   978-1-85520-748-6.
  • ——————, ed. (2011). Mercedes-Benz E-Class W124 1985–1995. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN   9781855208896.
  • Engelen, Günter (2002). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen[Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 3: Seit 1986 [Volume 3: Since 1986]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613021692.
  • ——————— (2003). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen[Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 4: Seit 1996 [Volume 4: Since 1996]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613023482.
  • Frommann, Jens (2014). Mercedes W 124: Typengeschichte und Technik[Mercedes W 124: Type History and Technology] (in German). München: GeraMond. ISBN   9783862456581.
  • Hartmann, Matthias (2017). Das große Mercedes-Cabrio-Buch[The Big Mercedes Cabrio Book] (in German) (reprint of the original 1992 ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN   9783958435810.
  • Hofner, Heribert; Schrader, Halwart (2005). Mercedes-Benz Automobile[Mercedes-Benz Automobiles] (in German). Vol. Band 2: von 1964 bis heute [Volume 2: from 1964 to today]. Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN   3898804194.
  • ——————— (2010). Mercedes-Benz Typenkunde[Mercedes-Benz Type Study] (in German). Vol. Band 2. Modelle der Mittelklasse ab 1984, E-Klasse und CLS-Klasse [Volume 2. The mid-range models from 1984, E-Class and CLS-Class]. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN   978-3768832267. OCLC   693875686.
  • Kittler, Eberhard (2001). Deutsche Autos[German Cars] (in German). Vol. Band [Volume] 6: seit [since] 1990 – Mercedes, Ford, Opel und Porsche. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613020521.
  • ——————— (2002). Mercedes-Benz. Typenkompass series (in German). Vol. Band 2. Personenwagen seit 1976 [Volume 2. Passenger Cars since 1976]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3-613-02209-5.
  • Larimer, Fred (2004). Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN   0760318115.
  • Liebl, Johannes, ed. (2017). Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse: Entwicklung und Technik des W213[Mercedes-Benz E-Class: Development and Technology of the W213]. ATZ/MTZ-Typenbuch series (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Vieweg. ISBN   9783658184421.
  • Niemann, Harry (2006). Personenwagen von Mercedes-Benz: Automobillegenden und Geschichten seit 1886[Passenger Cars from Mercedes-Benz: Automobile Legends and Stories since 1886] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613025965.
  • Nitske, W. Robert (1995). Mercedes-Benz Production Models Book 1946-1995 (4th ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN   0-7603-0245-6.
  • Oswald, Werner [in German] (2001). Deutsche Autos[German Cars] (in German). Vol. Band [Volume] 4: 1945–1990 Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Porsche und andere [and others]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613021315.
  • ——————— (2001). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen[Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 2: 1945–1985 [Volume 2: 1945–1985]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613021684.
  • Pitt, Colin, ed. (2003). Mercedes-Benz E-Class. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN   1841551406.
  • ———— (2005). Mercedes-Benz W124 Enthusiasts Guide. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN   1841555355.
  • ————, ed. (2007). Mercedes-Benz W124 Series 1985–1997: Sedan, Coupe, Convertible. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN   9781841556529.
  • St. Antoine, Arthur. "Magnum Force". Car and Driver (April 1992): 47–56.
  • Schlegelmilch, Rainer W. [in German]; Lehbrink, Hartmut; von Osterroth, Jochen (2013). Mercedes (revised ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing. ISBN   978-3-8480-0267-2.
  • Taylor, James (1985). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 1: The 1940s and 1950s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. ISBN   0-900549-95-5.
  • —————— (1985). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 2: The 1960s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. ISBN   0-900549-96-3.
  • —————— (1986). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 3: The 1970s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. ISBN   0-900549-97-1.
  • —————— (1994). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 4: The 1980s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. pp. 8–16, 65–88, 97–104, 107–111. ISBN   0-947981-77-2.
  • —————— (2009). Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. pp. 8–27, 91–107. ISBN   978-1-84797-096-1.
  • —————— (2015). Mercedes-Benz W124: The Complete Story. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN   9781847979537.
  • Vieweg, Christof (1999). Alles über die Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse Limousine und T-Modell[Everything about the Mercedes-Benz E-Class: Saloon and Station Wagon]. Technik transparent series (in German) (3rd ed.). Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler. ISBN   3932786092.
  • Zoporowski, Tobias (2016). Mercedes-Benz W124: All models 1984 to 1997. The Essential Buyer's Guide series. Dorchester, Dorset, UK: Veloce Publishing. ISBN   9781845848774.

Workshop manuals

  • Chilton Automotive Editorial Staff (1974). Mercedes-Benz: 1968-73 All 220, 230, 250, 280, 300, 350 and 450 models, gasoline and diesel engines. Chilton's Repair & Tune-Up Guide Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton Book Co. ISBN   0-8019-5907-1.
  • Drayton, Spencer; Coombs, Mark; Rendle, Steve (1996). Mercedes Benz 124 Series (85–93) Service and Repair Manual. Haynes Service and Repair Manual Series. Sparkford, UK: Haynes. ISBN   1859602533.
  • Etzold, Rüdiger (1999). Mercedes E-Klasse: Typ W124, 200 bis E 320 von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 54 (in German) (9th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN   3768805379.
  • ——————— (1999). Mercedes E-Klasse Diesel: Typ W124, 200D bis 300TD von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 55 (in German) (8th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN   3768805387.
  • Korp, Dieter (2008). Mercedes-Benz: 200 D/250 D/300 D Dezember '84 bis Juni '93 / E 200/250/300 Diesel ab Juli '93. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 123 (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   9783613011557.
  • ————— (2011). Mercedes-Benz: 200 – 320 E, E 200 – 320 200/200 E / 230 E / 260 E / 280 E /300 E / 300 E-24 / 320 E Dezember '84 bis Juni '93. E 200 / 220 / 280 / 320 Juli '93 bis Juni '95 200/230 E/260 E/300 E ab Dezember '84. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 124 (in German) (6th ed.). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   9783613011564.
  • Ritter, Stu (2002). Mercedes-Benz E-Class Owner's Bible: 1986–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. ISBN   0837602300.
  • Russek, Peter (1991). Mercedes 124 Series 200, 200E, 200T, 200TE, 230E, 230CE. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN   0907779018.
  • —————— (1994). Mercedes 200, 250, 300D Series 124. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN   1898780447.
  • —————— (2006). Mercedes-Benz E-Class: W124 Series 1993–1995 / W210 Series 1995–2000 / 4- and 6-Cyl. Engines. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN   1898780978.
  • —————— (2008). Mercedes-Benz E-class: Petrol W124 & W210 Workshop Manual 1993–2000. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN   9781855207684.
  • Mercedes W124 Owners Workshop Manual: 1985–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 1998. ISBN   9780837612140.
  • Mercedes Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 / 200 T / 230 E / 230 TE. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 906. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN   9783716817377.
  • Mercedes Diesel Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 D / 250 D / 300 D. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 919. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN   9783716817438.
  • Mercedes Serie W124 Vier- und Sechszylindermotoren Baujahre 1985 bis 1992. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1211. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN   3716819379.
  • Mercedes E-Klasse 1993 bis 1995 (Serie W124) 1995 bis 1997 (Serie W210). Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1224. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN   3716819646.
  • Mercedes-Benz Technical Companion. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN   978-0-8376-1033-7.
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