Minor Party Alliance

Last updated

Minor Party Alliance
Abbreviation
  • MPA
  • Alliance
Founder Glenn Druery
Founded2011;14 years ago (2011)
Victorian Legislative Council
2 / 40

The Minor Party Alliance (MPA), also known simply as the Alliance, is an alliance of small Australian political parties, currently active in Victorian state politics. [1] [2] It was created by Glenn Druery's "Independent Liaison" business, which assists in organising preference meetings and negotiating preference flows between minor parties (also referred to as micro-parties). [3] [4]

Contents

The aim of the MPA is the election of its candidates to Australian upper houses, based upon the accumulation of their primary votes and the registered "above-the-line" (or "group voting ticket") party preferences to reach an electoral quota. [5] The MPA effectively aims to "game" the electoral system, an act it believes to be justified, based upon their perception that the Australian electoral system is unfair and heavily biased against minor parties. [6] [7]

Since 2016, group voting tickets are no longer used in Senate elections. [8] As of 2025, the Victorian Legislative Council is the only state parliamentary chamber that uses the system, and two parties with seats in the Legislative Council are members of the Alliance. [9] [10]

History

1999 New South Wales state election

Druery initiated the MPA at the 1999 New South Wales state election and his then untested theories elected three people to the Legislative Council: Peter Wong from Unity, Peter Breen from Reform the Legal System and Malcolm Jones from the Outdoor Recreation Party. [11] [12] Malcolm Jones was elected to the Legislative Council with a primary vote of 0.19%, [13] or 0.042 of a quota.

In 2017, Druery during an ABC report, has said he has a personal vendetta against Pauline Hanson One Nation, saying he has been directing micro party preferences away from One Nation since 1999. [14]

2013 Australian federal election

Glenn Druery in 2014 Dog Swim Race Church Point.jpg
Glenn Druery in 2014

Druery is known as the "preference whisperer" of Australian politics, [15] and his Minor Party Alliance was behind the 2013 federal election preference deal successes. These resulted in the election to the Senate of Wayne Dropulich of the Sports Party in Western Australia on a primary vote of 0.2%, Ricky Muir of the Motoring Enthusiasts Party in Victoria on a primary vote of 0.5% and Bob Day of the Family First Party on a primary vote of 3.8% in South Australia. [16] [17] However, the Western Australian result was later declared void (for semi-unrelated reasons), necessitating a further election at which the Sports Party candidate was unsuccessful. The fifth Senators in the other States were Dio Wang in Western Australia, Glenn Lazarus in Queensland and Jacqui Lambie in Tasmania, all from the Palmer United Party, and David Leyonhjelm of the Liberal Democratic Party elected with a primary vote of 9.5% in New South Wales. These last four were not part of the MPA.

Muir's primary vote was 0.5% and achieved the 14.3% quota from 23 "above the line" party preferences: Bank Reform Party, Australian Fishing and Lifestyle Party, HEMP Party, Shooters and Fishers, Australian Stable Population Party, Senator Online, Building Australia Party, Family First Party, Bullet Train For Australia, Rise Up Australia Party, No Carbon Tax Climate Sceptics, Citizens Electoral Council, Palmer United Party, Democratic Labour Party, Katter's Australian Party, Socialist Equality Party, Australian Sex Party, Australian Voice Party, Wikileaks Party, Drug Law Reform, Stop CSG, Animal Justice Party, and the Australian Independents Party. [18] [19]

Day's primary vote was 3.8% (down 0.3% since the previous election), [20] and achieved the 14.3% quota from 19 "above the line" party preferences: Australian Independents Party, Australian Stable Population Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Smokers' Rights Party, No Carbon Tax Climate Sceptics, Building Australia Party, Rise Up Australia Party, Katter's Australian Party, One Nation, Australian Fishing and Lifestyle Party, Australian Christians, Shooters and Fishers, Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party, Democratic Labour Party, Animal Justice Party, Australian Greens, Palmer United Party, HEMP Party, Australian Labor Party. [21]

Druery also helped the Shooters and Fishers Party, Family First Party and the Fishing and Lifestyle Party. After the 2013 federal election Druery was hired by the newly elected Motor Enthusiast Party Senator Ricky Muir as Chief of Staff, but later parted company with Muir. [22]

2017 Western Australian state election

Western Australia continues to use group voting tickets for the Western Australian Legislative Council. At the 2017 Western Australian state election, five parties participated in preference deals orchestrated by Druery. The parties were Family First, Fluoride Free WA, Liberal Democrats, Flux the System and the Daylight Saving Party. The deals were arranged so that the ticket votes for these five parties would roll up to a different party in each region. [23] At the election only the Liberal Democrat candidate, Aaron Stonehouse, with 1.77% of primary votes was elected with MPA preferences. [24]

2018 Victorian state election

Victoria continues to use group voting tickets for the Victorian Legislative Council. Preference deals were also organised by Druery for the Victorian Legislative Council at the 2018 Victorian state election. All but one of the 18 parties standing appear to have been involved in some way in the deals. [25] Ultimately, 10 candidates from seven micro-parties were elected. [26] In the Eastern Metropolitan Region, Rod Barton of the Transport Matters Party was elected on a primary vote of 0.62%. In the Southern Metropolitan Region, Clifford Hayes of the Sustainable Australia was elected on a primary vote of 1.32%. One candidate was elected from the Shooters and Fishers Party, the Reason Party and the Animal Justice Party, two from the Liberal Democratic Party and three from the Justice Party. [26]

2022 Victorian state election

On November 16, 2022, Angry Victorians Party party leader Heston Russell leaked a video to the Herald Sun of him to talking to Glenn Druery about a potential preference deal, declaring that the AVP felt the co-ordination of the group voting ticket system used by Druery was immoral and needed to be exposed. [27]

During 2022 Victorian state election Druery was reported to be working with the Democratic Labour Party, Derryn Hinch's Justice Party, Health Australia, the Liberal Democrats, the New Democrats, Shooters, Fishers and Farmers, Sustainable Australia and Transport Matters. He was working with the Animal Justice Party but they tricked him, by leaving the alliance at the last minute. [28]

Members

Current

Party Victorian MLCs Joined MPARegisteredIdeology
LP Libertarian Party
1 / 40
2017Yes Classical liberalism, right-libertarianism
SFF Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
1 / 40
2013Yes Green conservatism, agrarianism
DLP Democratic Labour Party
0 / 40
2013Yes Social conservatism, distributism
ND New Democrats
0 / 40
2022Yes Anti-corruption
SAP Sustainable Australia Party
0 / 40
2013Yes Environmentalism, sustainable development

Former (with representation)

The following parties had at least one member elected through group voting tickets while a member of the MPA. [3] [29] [30] [23] [31] [32] [33]

PartySeats won while in MPAYears in MPAIdeology
AJP Animal Justice Party Vic: (2018): 1(disputed) [34] 2013−2022 Animal welfare, vegan politics
AMEP Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party Senate: (2013): 12013−2016 Motoring enthusiast rights
SEX Australian Sex Party Vic: (2014): 12013−2017 [35] Sex positivity, civil libertarianism [36]
ASP Australian Sports Party Senate: (2013): 1(result voided)2013−2015 Outdoor recreation advocacy
DSP Daylight Saving Party WA: (2021): 12017−2021 Daylight saving time advocacy
DHJP Derryn Hinch's Justice Party Vic: (2018): 3(partially disputed) [37] 2016−2023 Law and order, anti-paedophilia
FFP Family First Party SA: (2014): 12013−2017 Social conservatism, familialism
TMP Transport Matters Party Vic: (2018): 12018−2023 Taxi industry advocacy

Former (without representation)

The following parties did not have any members elected through group voting tickets while a member of the MPA.

PartyRegisteredYears in MPAIdeology
AVP Angry Victorians Party Yes2022 (disputed) [38] Veterans' rights, populism
ABP Aussie Battler Party Yes2018−2019 Australian nationalism, right-wing populism
AC Australian Christians Yes2013−2014 [39] Social conservatism
DEM Australian Democrats Yes2013−2015 Liberalism
AI Australian Independents Yes2013
AFP Australia First Party Yes2013−2016 Australian nationalism, neo-fascism
APP Australian Protectionist Party Yes2013−2015 Protectionism, social conservatism
AVP Australian Voice Party Yes2013−2015 Anti-Islam
AFLP Australian Fishing and Lifestyle Party Yes2013−2014 Outdoor recreation rights
BAP Building Australia Party Yes2013−2016 Building industry rights [40]
BTFA Bullet Train for Australia Yes2013−2016 High-speed rail advocacy [41]
CDP Christian Democratic Party Yes2013−2016 Christian democracy, conservatism
DLRA Drug Law Reform Australia Yes2013−2016 Drug policy reform
FFWA Fluoride Free WA Yes2017−2019Anti-mandatory water fluoridation
FLUX Flux Yes2017−2021Issue-based direct democracy [42]
HAP Health Australia Party Yes2013−2024 [43] Naturopathy, anti-vaccination
HEMP Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP) Party Yes2013−2016 [44] Cannabis legalisation [45]
LMP Legalise Marijuana Party No [46] [47] 2022 [48] Cannabis legalisation [49] [50]
MP Mutual Party [a] Yes2013−2015 Centrism [53]
NCTCS No Carbon Tax Climate Sceptics Yes2013−2015 Anthropogenic global warming denial
NCPP Non-Custodial Parents Party Yes2013−2016 Fathers' rights
ON One Nation Yes2013 [54] Australian nationalism, national conservatism
RDSD Restore Democracy Sack Dan Andrews Party Yes2022 (disputed) [55] Anti-corruption [56]
RUAP Rise Up Australia Party Yes2013−2016 Australian nationalism, social conservatism
SO Senator Online Yes2013−2016 Electronic direct democracy [57]
SCSG Stop CSG Party Yes2013−2015Anti-coal seam gas
UAP Uniting Australia Party Yes2013−2015
VEP Voluntary Euthanasia Party Yes2013−2020 [58] Voluntary euthanasia reform advocacy [59]
WAP Western Australia Party Yes2017−2021 [60] Regionalism, populism
WLP WikiLeaks Party Yes2013−2015 Left-libertarianism

Timeline

WPart of MPA and won seat
YPart of MPA
NNot part of MPA
−Party disbanded, did not exist, or did not contest election

Eight state and federal elections using group voting tickets have taken place since the formation of the Alliance. [61] [62] [63]

Party 2013 (fed) 2014 (SA) 2014 (fed) 2014 (Vic) 2017 (WA) 2018 (Vic) 2021 (WA) 2022 (Vic)
Animal Justice YYYNN
Australian Sports W−Y−−−−−
Australian Voice YY−−−−−−
Daylight Saving −−−−Y−W−
Family First WWYYY−−−
Fishing and Lifestyle YYY−−−−−
Justice −−−−−W−Y
Libertarian [b] NNNNWWYW
Motoring Enthusiast WY−−−−−−
New Democrats −−−−−−−Y
Sex Y−YW−−−−
Transport Matters −−−−−W−Y
WikiLeaks YY−−−−−−
Uniting Australia Y−−−−−−−

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Mutual Party was known as the Bank Reform Party until 20 February 2014. [51] [52]
  2. ↑ The Libertarian Party was known as the Liberal Democratic Party until 2023. [64] [65]

References

  1. ↑ Wood, Alicia (5 September 2013). "Alliance of micro parties boosts odds for likes of One Nation or Shooters and Fishers gaining Senate spot through preferences". news.com.au. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  2. ↑ Purtill, James (7 March 2016). "Inside the meeting of minor parties facing annihilation and plotting revenge". abc.net.au. Hack. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 Bormann, Trevor (6 September 2013). "Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland". ABC News. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  4. ↑ Mannix, Liam (21 February 2014). "Preference whisperer goes fishin' in SA". InDaily. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  5. ↑ "Senate reform: Electoral laws passed after marathon Parliament sitting". abc.net.au. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  6. ↑ Millar, Royce (7 November 2018). "Preference whisperer Glenn Druery faces police probe". The Age. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  7. ↑ Millar, Royce (24 October 2018). "Derryn Hinch's preference whisperer faces cash-for-votes complaint". The Age. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  8. ↑ Raue, Ben (14 November 2022). "Group voting tickets released – a story of three blocs". The Tally Room. Archived from the original on 18 January 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  9. ↑ "Group Ticket Voting in the Victorian State Election – Whose Preference is it?". University of Melbourne Student Union. 20 November 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  10. ↑ Bonham, Kevin (19 June 2023). "Submission to the Victorian Electoral Matters Committee Inquiry into the 2022 Victorian State Election" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  11. ↑ 7.30 By Dylan Welch. "Senate voting inquiry prompted by Glenn Druery's election tactics could put end to preference trading: ABC 31 March 2014". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 13 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Dylan Welch (31 March 2014). "Promoting people power or gaming the system? Meet 'the preference whisperer'". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  13. ↑ "Antony Green - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  14. ↑ "'My hand on their electoral throat': Druery on One Nation vendetta". ABC News. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  15. ↑ "Federal Election 2013: issues, dynamics, outcomes: APH 22 January 2014". Aph.gov.au. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  16. ↑ "South Australia 2013 Senate results and preference flows". ABC. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  17. ↑ "Micro-manager behind independents: SMH 10 September 2013". Smh.com.au. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  18. ↑ "Victorian 2013 Senate results and preference flows". ABC. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  19. ↑ Green, Antony (13 September 2013). "The Preference Deals behind the Strange Election of Ricky Muir and Wayne Dropulich". ABC News. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  20. ↑ 2013 SA Senate results: AEC
  21. ↑ "2013 SA Senate results and preference flows". ABC. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  22. ↑ "Senator Ricky Muir sacks chief of staff Glenn Druery". Smh.com.au. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  23. 1 2 Gartry, Laura (15 February 2017). "WA election: Micro party preference deal could take five seats in Upper House". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  24. ↑ "Legislative Council Results - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  25. ↑ Micro-parties set to win big in Victorian election after vote swap
  26. 1 2 Willingam, Richard; Anderson, Stephanie (11 December 2018). "Victorian election Upper House calculation results confirm Labor, crossbench domination". ABC News. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  27. ↑ Warner, Michael; Johnston, Matt (16 November 2022). "Election fixer Glenn Druery caught out lifting the lid on manipulation of Victoria's voting system". Herald Sun. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  28. ↑ "'It was a charade': preference whisperer Glenn Druery falls for Animal Justice party's Victorian election sting". the Guardian. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  29. ↑ Welch, Dylan (31 March 2014). "Senate voting inquiry prompted by Glenn Druery's election tactics could put end to preference trading". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  30. ↑ "Glenn Druery: the toned vote peddler". Australian Financial Review. 27 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  31. ↑ Millar, Royce; Schneiders, Ben; Preiss, Benjamin (24 October 2018). "Derryn Hinch's preference whisperer faces cash-for-votes complaint". The Age. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  32. ↑ Colebatch, Tim (24 November 2022). "Will Labor need to share power in Victoria?". Inside Story. Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  33. ↑ Spasaro, Josh (22 November 2022). "Companions & Pets not swayed by Druery for Victorian election". Australian Racing Greyhound. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  34. ↑ Sakkal, Paul (18 November 2022). "Preference whisperer worked for CFMEU ahead of 2018 election". The Age. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2025. The man known as the "preference whisperer" claims he directed preferences to Animal Justice Party MP Andy Meddick, a CFMEU member and former construction worker, at the 2018 election. Meddick denies Druery's work helped him win his seat.
  35. ↑ Schneiders, Ben; Millar, Royce (30 January 2021). "Preference whisperer Glenn Druery in lavish travel spend". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  36. ↑ Henderson, Anna (24 July 2015). "Australian Sex Party re-enters politics two months after deregistration". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  37. ↑ "Vic MP denies riding Hinch's coat tails". SBS News. 19 December 2018. Archived from the original on 15 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025. Ms Cumming says she was not backed by the party's preference system and through self-styled preference whisperer Mr Druery, who also works for Mr Hinch.
  38. ↑ Eddie, Rachel (27 November 2022). "Left-wing parties could hold power in Victoria's upper house". The Age. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2025. Cumming's micro party met with Druery and leaked damaging footage against him. Druery denies he formally worked with Angry Victorians and said he was betrayed.
  39. ↑ Stonehouse, Aaron (6 June 2019). "ELECTORAL AMENDMENT (TICKET VOTING AND ASSOCIATED REFORMS) BILL 2019" (PDF). Parliament of Western Australia. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2025. In fact, it is worth noting that the only member of this chamber I know of who engaged a spooky, nefarious preference whisperer was me. I am the only person here who engaged the services of Mr Glenn Druery, but I was not elected through the preference deal of Glenn Druery; I was elected because I received just short of four per cent of the primary vote. I then received preferences from the Australian Christians. The Australian Christians did not engage Glenn Druery. I would guess that the Australian Christians do not have any intention of engaging him in the future, but that party would have to talk about its intentions for future elections. I also received preferences from the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party. Again, that is another party that did not engage the services of Mr Glenn Druery. So what in the heck influence did this preference whisperer have on the state election? I was not elected thanks to his preference deal with micro-parties.
  40. ↑ Sharp, Ari (19 August 2010). "Sex, socialism and shootin': maxing out on microparties". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  41. ↑ Thistleton, John (24 May 2017). "Bullet Train Party deregisters, takes swipe at Barr". The Riot ACT. Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  42. ↑ Turner, Rebecca (3 March 2017). "WA election: Flux the System micro-party puts up 26 fake independent candidates". ABC News. Archived from the original on 26 December 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  43. ↑ "The Health Australia Party position on preferencing" (PDF). Health Australia Party. 17 November 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  44. ↑ Law, Peter (25 March 2021). "State election 2021: Glenn Druery set for huge payday after Daylight Saving Party win in WA's Upper House". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2025. The Legalise Cannabis WA Party, which is not a client of Mr Druery's
  45. ↑ Schultz, Amber (2 April 2023). "From bong to ballot: The rise of the Legalise Cannabis Party". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  46. ↑ "APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF A POLITICAL PARTY" (PDF). Victoria Government Gazette. 18 August 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  47. ↑ Kolovos, Benita (29 September 2022). "Legalise Marijuana Party withdraws Victorian election application as others take up the cause". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  48. ↑ Fitzgerald, Ross (26 November 2022). "Unrepresentative Victorian swill". The Spectator Australia. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2025. Druery has admitted to other party organisers that he tried to register the Legalise Marijuana party in an effort to swing voters away from the Legalise Cannabis party, which attracted over five per cent of Senate votes in Queensland at the last federal election.
  49. ↑ Kolovos, Benita (14 September 2022). "Legalise Cannabis Victoria says rival marijuana party 'designed to confuse voters'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  50. ↑ Jones, Steve (14 September 2022). "Legalise Cannabis Victoria lodges formal objection to new party". Cannabiz. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  51. ↑ "A Summary of Preferences and Candidates for the WA Senate Re-election". ABC News. 17 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 November 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  52. ↑ "Bank Reform Party". Australian Electoral Commission. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 November 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  53. ↑ Irwin, Julia (30 January 2014). "Darebin councillor Vince Fontana among former mayors getting ready for state election". Northcote Leader. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  54. ↑ Aston, Heath (15 March 2014). "Alliance plots minor parties' success in elections". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  55. ↑ "Calls for Victorian electoral reform after 'preference whisperer' recorded boasting of influence". ABC News. 17 November 2022. Archived from the original on 15 August 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2025. In a statement, Restore Democracy Sack Dan Andrews Party candidate Tosh-Jake Finnegan said Mr Druery had "f**k all involvement" in setting up the party.
  56. ↑ Warner, Michael; Johnston, Matt; Deery, Shannon; Rooney, Kieran (17 November 2022). "Daniel Andrews' chief of staff met with election fixer". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  57. ↑ Coghill, Jon; Gaffney, Annie (26 January 2016). "Candidate running against Clive Palmer plans to let constituents vote on every piece of policy". ABC News. Archived from the original on 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  58. ↑ Needham, Kirsty (23 January 2015). "No small thing: Meet the micros with eyes on March". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
  59. ↑ Glanville, Brigid (14 June 2018). "NSW man joins Voluntary Euthanasia Party at the next NSW election after vow to his dying wife". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  60. ↑ Green, Antony (22 March 2021). "2021 WA Election – Legislative Council Update". Antony Green's Election Blog. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  61. ↑ Mannix, Liam (19 February 2014). "'The day democracy died': how SA killed micro-party dissent". Crikey. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  62. ↑ Aston, Heath (15 March 2014). "Number crunching: micro-party candidates place their hopes in Glenn Druery, the preference whisperer". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  63. ↑ Gordon, Josh (17 November 2014). "Victoria heading for upper house chaos following minor party preference deals ahead of the State election". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  64. ↑ Carmody, Broede (18 April 2023). "Liberal Democrats face identity crisis over forced name change". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  65. ↑ "Application to change a registered political party's name". Victorian Electoral Commission. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
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