Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir

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Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
Miraculous-original-title-card.png
French title card
Also known asMiraculous
French Miraculous, les aventures de Ladybug et Chat Noir
Genre
Created byThomas Astruc
Developed byJeremy Zag
Written byThomas Astruc
Directed by
  • Thomas Astruc
  • Christelle Abgrall (S2) [4]
  • Jeremy Paoletti (S2)
  • Benoît Boucher (S2–3)
  • Wilifried Pain (S2–3) [4]
  • Mr. Jun (S2–3) [4]
Voices of
  • Anouck Hautbois
  • Benjamin Bollen
  • Antoine Tomé
  • Marie Nonnenmacher
  • Thierry Kazazian
  • Fanny Bloc
  • Alexandre Nguyen
  • Marie Chevalot
  • Asra Malik
Theme music composer Noam Kaniel
Lyrics: Alain Garcia
Opening theme"Miraculous" by Lou
Ending theme"Miraculous" (instrumental)
Composers
Country of originFrance [5]
Original languageFrench
No. of seasons5
No. of episodes131 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
  • Pascal Boutboul
  • Sébastien Thibaudeau
  • Jean-Yves Patay
  • Hiroyuki Kinoshita
  • Ryuji Kochi
  • Pierre Belletante
  • Suhoon Kim (S1–3)
  • Stella Noh (S1–3)
  • Alexandre Lippens (S1)
  • Jared Wolfson (S1)
  • Cédric Pilot (S1)
  • François Lee (S2–3)
  • Kevin Marciano (S2–3)
  • Magali Bion (S2–3)
  • Camille Oesch (S2–3)
Producers
  • Jeremy Zag
  • Aton Soumache
Running time22 minutes
Production companies
Original release
Network
Release19 October 2015 (2015-10-19) –
present

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (French : Miraculous, les aventures de Ladybug et Chat Noir; commonly abbreviated as Miraculous Ladybug or simply Miraculous) [9] [10] [11] [12] [2] is a French animated magical girl superhero [13] television series created by Thomas Astruc and developed by Jeremy Zag. The series is produced by the French company Miraculous Corp. (a joint venture of Mediawan and ZAG, Inc.), [14] and co-produced with Japanese studio Toei Animation's European division, and several international companies. [b]

Contents

The series focuses on two Parisian teenagers, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste, who transform into the superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir, respectively, to protect the city from supervillains.

Prior to its debut in France on 19 October 2015 on TF1 / TFX's TFOU block, [a] [15] the series was first shown in South Korea on 1 September 2015 on EBS1. [16] Internationally, it is mainly broadcast on Disney-owned channels or on Disney+, with exceptions in some countries.

The series spawned a media franchise with several products tied to it, including various comic books, novels, and video games. A film adaptation, Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie , was released theatrically in 2023, premiering in France.

Synopsis

The series takes place in modern-day Paris and revolves around the adventures of two teenagers, [17] [18] Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste. [19] When evil arises, they transform into their superhero personas, Ladybug and Cat Noir respectively, using magical jewels known as the "Miraculouses". All the while, Marinette and Adrien struggle with their feelings for each other, not knowing each other's secret identities: Marinette is in love with Adrien, but not Cat Noir, while Adrien is in love with Ladybug, but not Marinette.

Their main enemy is the supervillain Hawk Moth, whose secret identity, unknown to the heroes, is Adrien's father, Gabriel Agreste. Using the Butterfly Miraculous, he creates akumas, butterflies infused with negative energy, to "akumatize" Paris' everyday citizens when they experience negative emotions, turning them into supervillains. [17] [20] His goal is to steal Ladybug's and Cat Noir's Miraculous, intending to use them to wish his wife, Emilie, back to life, who fell into a coma by using the damaged Peacock Miraculous before the events of the series. He is sometimes aided by his assistant Nathalie Sancoeur, who uses the Peacock Miraculous to create sentimonsters, magical lifeforms with a seemingly endless variety of forms and abilities.

As Hawk Moth's villains become tougher, Master Fu, the Guardian of the Miraculous, allows Marinette to borrow additional Miraculous and recruit her other classmates and friends as superheroes. Hawk Moth eventually exposes Master Fu, forcing him to make Marinette the new Guardian. Nathalie falls ill from using the damaged Peacock Miraculous, but Hawk Moth repairs it and uses it together with the Butterfly Miraculous to become "Shadow Moth", able to create both villains and sentimonsters.

At the end of the fourth season, Gabriel, adopting the new supervillain name "Monarch", gains control of almost all of the Miraculous, leaving Ladybug and Cat Noir once again as the only two heroes. A battle with the heroes leaves Gabriel with magical damage that slowly spreads through his body. Adrien eventually lets go of his crush on Ladybug and instead falls in love with Marinette, leading to them starting a romantic relationship (still ignorant of each other's secret identities). After a final battle with Marinette, Gabriel seizes the Ladybug and Cat Miraculous and makes his wish; but having had a change of heart, wishes to revive Nathalie, who has become gravely ill, at the cost of his own life. Marinette recovers most of the Miraculous and gives them into the custody of her friends, unaware that Lila Rossi, a former classmate who bullied her, has claimed the Butterfly Miraculous for herself.

Episodes

SeriesEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast aired
1 2619 October 2015 (2015-10-19)30 October 2016 (2016-10-30)
2 2611 December 2016 (2016-12-11)18 November 2018 (2018-11-18) [21]
3 2614 April 2019 (2019-04-14) [22] [23] 8 December 2019 (2019-12-08) [24]
4 2611 April 2021 (2021-04-11) [25] 13 March 2022 (2022-03-13) [26]
5 2724 October 2022 (2022-10-24) [27] 1 November 2023 (2023-11-01) [28]
6262025 (2025)TBA

Production

Conception and creation

The series is based on an original concept created by French writer and storyboarder Thomas Astruc. [29] He was inspired by a meeting with a certain lady and "decades of comics binge reading". [30] In an interview with Nolife, Astruc said he was working as an animator on the show W.I.T.C.H. when he met a woman wearing a T-shirt with a ladybug on it. They began to share drawings, some of which were ladybug-themed. Astruc also noted that Marinette's signature pigtail hairstyle was fashioned after the woman. They also worked on the cartoon A.T.O.M. around 2004–05. Astruc first drew Ladybug on sticky notes and remarked about how strong the Ladybug character was. He had no memories of seeing ladybug-themed superheroes in comics. [31]

Astruc had intended to make Ladybug a comic book series until he met Jeremy Zag, who loved the project and wanted to produce it as a cartoon; Zag was 25 at the time and not originally from the cartoon industry. [31]

In developing Cat Noir, Astruc said that ladybugs represented good luck, so it was natural to partner her with a black cat character with bad luck powers. Cat Noir was a tribute to comic characters, like Catwoman. So it was like having Catwoman and Spider-Man in the same show but reversed genders and roles. [31]

A character named Félix was originally going to have the role of Cat Noir, as the holder of the Black Cat Miraculous, [32] but he was later scrapped in favor of Adrien Agreste because the creative team felt that Félix was a cliché of a male anime protagonist and that Adrien would allow them to tell more interesting stories. [33] [34] In September 2015, Astruc indicated that he was open to revisiting the character of Félix, [35] but he abandoned it by February 2016, writing that the character was a poor idea. [36] In 2019, Félix was remade as Adrien's cousin and was renamed Félix Fathom, and became holder of the Peacock Miraculous.[ needs update ]

Hiring companies

In 2010, the show was announced at Cannes' MIPCOM with French production groups Univergroup Pictures and Onyx Films heading the project and working with Method Animation and Zagtoon. Aton Soumache of Onyx and Method [37] said that they want "to create a glamorous superhero character with a real European flair with Paris as [the] backdrop." The producers had also planned to animate it in stereoscopic 3D (currently, the show is produced using CGI animation). [29]

In the summer of June 2012, Toei Animation Co., Ltd. (known for Sailor Moon, Digimon, Pretty Cure, One Piece, Dragon Ball, and Dragon Ball Z) the famous Japanese animation studio branch owned & operated by Toei Company, Ltd. (known for Super Sentai , Kamen Rider & Power Rangers ) in Tokyo, Japan, was announced as co-producers, alongside its European division. [37] Two years before 2012, Toei Animation had released a Pretty Cure film that was set in Paris, France, and was very interested in expanding their international audience. [31] Even after the production moved to CGI animation, Toei still remained co-producer, with the executive producers from the company being credited. [38]

On 21 November 2012, a memorandum of understanding between Zagtoon, Method Animation, SAMG Animation and SK Broadband was announced: together, the companies would invest US$50 million through 2017 into five projects. The first of these projects was developed into Miraculous, which received an investment of $10 million. As a part of the deal, SK Broadband would have exclusive rights in South Korea for video on demand release, available to the subscribers of the company's IPTV platform B TV. [39] [40]

In 2019, Zag and Gloob signed an agreement where the Brazilian company will start to co-produce the next seasons of Miraculous, in addition to having exclusivity of exhibition in Brazil and the addition of a Brazilian character. [41]

Animation

When Toei Animation and its European division joined as co-producers in the summer of June 2012, it was also announced that the show would be drawn in a colorful manga-like style. [37] Later in September, Zagtoon, Method, & Toei released a traditionally-animated promotional video for MiraculousLadybug. [42] [43] The video featured Marinette (in different clothes similar to the clothes in the current series) as Ladybug, and a (now-scrapped, later Adrien's cousin) different character named Félix as Cat Noir, [32] Marinette and Félix's Kwamis, Tikki and Plagg, Hawk Moth / Gabriel (without the mask and with a different outfit, look, and lair compared to the current series), and also two akumatized villains from season 1 in the current show – The Mime and Mr. Pigeon. Their Miraculouses and their transformation sequences had different designs compared to the Miraculouses and the transformations in the current series. [44] The demo song from the promotional music video was performed & composed by Noam, who would later compose, produce music and perform songs for the current series. [7] [45] [46]

The whole anime concept was a complete success; but there were concerns about the marketability of traditional 2D animation and the difficulty in animating Ladybug's costume of red with black spots, as it caused some strobing effects. [31] Executive producer Jared Wolfson said that Zag wanted the animation to be cinematic and epic, unique and different, and said that they are continuing to partner with Toei as it brings in the Asian inspiration and that a 2D version of the show might be a potential product for future purposes. [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]

The aforementioned problem with 2D animation was resolved by moving to CGI animation; the switch also allowed for easier implementation of mobile camera angles. [31] SAMG Animation (later SAMG Entertainment), a CGI animation studio located in South Korea which officially joined in the production in the fall of November 2012, [39] [40] produced modeling and animation. [53] Zag later recalled that SAMG was chosen for quality reasons in a video message he sent to a South Korean press conference held in 2015 by the Seoul-based company. [54] Astruc and assistant director, Wilfried Pain, instructed the animators not to improvise scenes so that they could keep things consistent and understandable. [31] Pain estimated about 350–400 shots are used in a typical 20-minute episode; with 10 panels per shot, that makes up to 4000 panels an episode. [31] Wolfson said that the show's animation brings dynamic camera angles and texturing. [47] A trailer with the new current CGI-animated style was released in October 2013, a year later. [55]

On 22 January 2018, Zag posted on Instagram that the crew was working on season 4 and season 5. [56] [ better source needed ]

On 18 April 2021, It was confirmed that in addition to season 4 and 5 the show will have two more seasons (season 6 and 7). [57] [58] Season 6 is expected to launch sometime between Fall or Winter 2024. [59]

Themes, writing, and process

While the show is marketed as a Western superhero narrative, its thematic base is the Japanese mahō shōjo (magical girl) genre, with its focus on transformation sequences, a school cast, the gathering of a team of heroes, animal friends, and end-of-episode collages. [13] In particular, Ladybug is strongly influenced by the genre's landmark entry Sailor Moon : Not only does the name of Marinette ("little sailor girl") recall Sailor Moon's title, but the main characters' magical companions reflect Sailor Moon's Luna and Artemis, the main villain's power resembles that of Queen Beryl, and the show's entire plot parallels the story of Sailor Saturn. [13] Ladybug features numerous other direct and indirect references to its inspiration. [13]

The concept for the show originally dealt with political themes, geared towards teens and young adults. However, after failing to gain traction with networks, it was retooled for a younger target audience. [60] : 40  Astruc said that he is delighted that the show is able to reach younger and older people. [31]

Each episode takes around 3 months to write, from scratch to final validation of broadcasters. [61] Assistant director, Wilfried Pain, said that each episode is composed of two parts: a sitcom aspect where the characters have to speak for themselves, and an action element where the camera is always moving. [31]

Noam Kaniel (Noam) writes, composes and performs the music and songs. Kaniel has also worked on action superhero shows such as She-Ra, M.A.S.K , X-Men , Code Lyoko , W.I.T.C.H. , Fantastic Four , Power Rangers , Digimon Fusion and Glitter Force . [47] [62] Kaniel and Zag wrote the theme song. Alain Garcia wrote the English lyrics, which are sung by Wendy Child and Cash Callaway. [63] The French version was performed by Marily and Noam Kaniel. [64] Starting from season 4 & 5, Lou performed the theme song in both French and English.

Release

Astruc representatives have said that the show has reached over 120 countries. [31]

In France, TV channels or streaming services owners are required to participate in the financing of French productions. Since The Walt Disney Company owns TV channels and a streaming service in France, they finance the series through their French division which gives Disney the broadcasting rights in the United States, and in select European, Latin American, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African regions, where the series airs on Disney-owned channels or Disney+. It also gives them the reruns rights on the French versions of Disney Channel and Disney+. [65]

In countries where the series is not broadcast on Disney-owned channels or services, it airs on local networks or cable TV channels.

Europe

Americas

Asia

Reception

Critical reception

Kimberly Cooper, a blog writer who has contributed to news media such as The Huffington Post , [98] wrote that the show has inspired teens and adults to create and propagate Miraculous remixes and liked that the show featured multiracial characters as with the film Big Hero 6 , which had won an Oscar. She "quickly realized there was a far cooler and broader Miraculous movement underway". [99] Caitlin Donovan of the entertainment website, Epicstream, listed it as one of her top 10 animated series of 2015. She wrote that "the characters are so charming that the tropey aspects of the show are merely a lot of fun, rather than irritating" and commended the fight sequences and CGI animation. She wrote that "Marinette is an adorable lead who is genuinely awkward as a civilian, but confident as a superhero, which makes for an interesting contrast." [100] Ella Anders of BSCKids wrote that the show stands out because of "how it meshes both the magical girl and superhero genre together". [101] Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times described the show as "clever, romantic, fun, the way some of us prefer our superhero stories." He found the characters to "have the look of extruded plastic common to CGI cartoons", but "within these limits the design is lovely and the animation elegant, and a lot of work has gone into the staging and execution of the action scenes." [1]

The North American Precis Syndicate called the show "authentic and aspirational – a story of today's modern everygirl superhero who comes to life. The series, about a young girl who taps into her superhero powers and innocent optimism to save Paris from the evil Hawk Moth, will no doubt inspire today's youth to try to save the day, each and every day in their own way." [102] Andrea Reiher of Zap2It wrote that the "storylines are rich with family, friends, adventure, intrigue, villains, creativity and more, delivering themes that are relatable and relevant to kids and preteens" and anticipated it would be a huge hit on Nickelodeon. [103]

The show has also received negative criticism from both critics and fans of the show. Ryan Lewis of CBR.com portrays a negative view of the show's primary conflict between the two main protagonists:

They know each other outside of crime-fighting but somehow never recognize each other's superhero identities. To the annoyance of many fans, this conflict is yet to be resolved, causing some to lose interest in the show for its overly drawn-out romantic tension. [104]

Several media reviewers anticipated Miraculous-brand toys to be among the hot superheroine properties for 2016. [105] [106] [107] Zag has partnered with Bandai to release Miraculous-based toys as well as deals to make Miraculous-brand clothing and other merchandise. [2] [47]

Awards and nominations

YearAwardCategoryNomineeResult
2016Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards [108] Best National Toy of 2016MiraculousWon
Best Brand of 2016MiraculousWon
Ri Happy Awards [108] Best Brand of 2016MiraculousWon
Latam Expo Licensing Awards [108] Best Brand of 2016MiraculousWon
2017Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards [108] Best National Toy 2017MiraculousWon
Licencias de Actualidad [108] Best License of the YearMiraculousWon
Best Entertainment LicenseMiraculousWon
Best PromotionTosta Rica LadybugWon
2017 OVA-ies TV Animation Awards [109] Best Animated Main Character of 2017 Marinette Dupain-Cheng Nominated
Best Visuals for an Animated Show of 2017Miraculous LadybugNominated
2018 Teen Choice Awards [108] [110] Choice Animated TV ShowMiraculousWon
The UK Licensing Awards 2018 [108] Best Children's or Tween Licensed PropertyMiraculousNominated
Best Licensed Children's Apparel RangeMiraculous Nightwear for Character.com from Aykroyd and SonsNominated
Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards [108] Best National Toy 2018MiraculousWon
Bologna Licensing Trade Fair [108] Best Property KidsMiraculousWon
2018 OVA-ies TV Animation Awards [111] Best Animation Main Character of 2018 Marinette Dupain-Cheng Won
Best Animation Supporting Character of 2018Hawk MothNominated
2019Bologna Licensing Trade Fair [108] Special Award Fashion Kids with Miraculous by Guess MiraculousWon
Tell-Tale TV Awards [112] Favorite Animated TV SeriesMiraculousWon
2020Bologna Licensing Awards [113] Best Preschool Licensing ProjectCapsule Collection Chicco MiraculousWon
BroadwayWorld Spain AwardsBest Theatrical Eventmusical Miraculous: The Ladybug ShowWon
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico Best Animated series of the YearMiraculousWon
2021 Kid's Choice Awards Brazil Favorite CartoonMiraculous: As Aventuras da LadybugWon
2022Kidscreen Awards 2022 [114] Best Alternative Game (Kids)Miraculous RP: Quests of Ladybug & Cat NoirWon
2023Kidscreen Awards 2023 [115] Best Animated Series (Kids)MiraculousWon

Other media

Spin-off

A spin-off series, Miraculous Chibi, premiered on 31 August 2018 on YouTube and on major broadcast channels, [116] [117] and since late 2019 on Disney Channel Latin America.

Film

In September 2018, Jeremy Zag announced an animated film adaptation of Miraculous. [118] Production started after the production of the fourth and fifth seasons of the television series. [119] With a budget of €80 million, it is the second most expensive French film ever made behind Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets . [120]

Titled Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie, the film explores the origins of the franchise. It was released on July 5, 2023 by SND. [121]

Miraculous: Ladybug & Cat Noir, The Movie 2 is an animated sequel to Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie that is expected to be released in 2026. The movie is based on the popular French cartoon Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir. Jeremy Zag will direct the movie, and the original voice cast is expected to return. [122]

Stage musical

In 2021, a stage musical adaptation titled Miraculous Ladybug : Le spectacle musical (transl.Miraculous Ladybug: The Musical Show) was announced. The musical was originally set to premiere on 21 December 2021, at the Dôme de Paris. [123] However, it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It premiered on 20 December 2022, at the Dôme de Paris, where it was played until 1 January 2023. After that, the show went on tour in France, and in French-speaking areas of Belgium and Switzerland. [124]

Manga adaptation

On 6 December 2020, Zag announced that a manga adaptation will begin serialization in Kodansha's Monthly Shōnen Sirius magazine beginning in the March issue in January 2021. [125] On 20 November 2022, during their panel at Anime NYC 2022, Kodansha USA announced that they have licensed the manga in English. [126]

Game adaptations

An endless runner video game was developed by TabTale and released in April 2018 as a mobile app. [127] [128] In April 2019 Miraculous Ladybug & Cat Noir was announced as new mobile game [129] and in May 2019 the game was presented by Jeremy Zag. [130]

It was revealed by Venturebeat and Mars Rose that a Roblox game was being produced. [131] Titled Miraculous RP: Quests of Ladybug and Cat Noir, created by Toya Games, it was released in beta on 4 May 2021, and fully released on 2 June the same year. This roleplay game is the first official Roblox game for a TV series franchise [132] and has reached 200 million plays as of September 2021. [133]

On 1 September 2022, a game based on the show was announced, titled Miraculous: Rise of the Sphinx, developed by Magic Pockets and published by GameMill Entertainment for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, and Nintendo Switch, and was released on 25 October 2022. The announcement stated that the game would feature both single-player and co-op game modes. [134] [135] A sequel, Miraculous: Paris Under Siege, was released on 25 October 2024.

The theme song was released to Just Dance 2023 Edition via the Just Dance+ subscription service on August 10, 2023. [136]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Since 2024, TFOU is split in two parts from Monday to Friday, with the first part airing on TF1, and the second part on TFX. On Saturday and Sunday, the full block airs only on TF1.
  2. ↑ Co-produced with Italian company De Agostini Editore since season 2, with seasons 1 to 3 co-produced with South Korean's companies SAMG Entertainment and SK Broadband, season 4 with Brazilian TV channel Gloob, and season 5 with Indian company Gravity Animation Inc. All seasons are produced with the financial participation of The Walt Disney Company France, TF1 and AB Droits Audiovisuels, and seasons 1 and 2 with EBS.

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Kids Zone is a Pakistani cable and satellite television channel owned and operated by Mediacon Network Pvt. Ltd. The channel is known for dubbing cartoons and animes in the Urdu language. The channel is available on Apstar 7.

<i>Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie</i> (soundtrack) Soundtrack album for 2023 French film

Miraculous, le film – La bande originale is the soundtrack album for the 2023 French film Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie. It was released by Muzeek One under the TF1 Musique label on 30 June 2023. A separate film score album was released on 5 July 2023.

Miraculous Corp. is a French IP holding and production company founded by Pierre-Antoine Capton and Jeremy Zag on May 13, 2024 to help control, manage and expand the Miraculous franchise. Their companies Mediawan and ZAG, Inc. hold a 60% and 40% stake in the company respectively.

References

  1. 1 2 Lloyd, Robert (27 August 2016). "'Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir,' a French turn on teenage superheroes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
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  3. ↑ Collins, Elle (3 December 2000). "Teen French Heroes Ladybug & Cat Noir Arrive on Nickelodeon". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016. The influence of the Magical Girl genre is inescapable; when Marinette's mother is captured in a bubble and carried off into the sky, apparently along with every adult in Paris, Marinette transforms into Ladybug in a series of twirls, poses and dancing. She even has the guidance of a talking ladybug creature, known in the series as a kwami, fulfilling another Magical Girl trope.
  4. 1 2 3 Astruc, Thomas [@Thomas_Astruc] (3 May 2016). "Delighted to announce: @WinnyGZ @happyhappykuri & Jun Violet will now direct the show with me. Plz greet'em warmly!" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 June 2016– via Twitter.
  5. ↑ "ZAG SIGNS PEZ AND FUNKO FOR COLLECTIBLES FOR MIRACULOUS". Licensingmagazine.com. 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  6. ↑ Miraculous Mexico (de vacaciones 🎅) [@MiraculousMX] (10 January 2020). "Digo, ya que salio el peine, confirmo que el estudio SAMG ya no animara en la S4. La animacion de S4 y S5 (hasta ahora) estara a cargo de DQ y Assemblage (que animaron Reflekdoll) u otro estudio, si asi lo deciden.

    RIP animacion bonita u.uht tps: / /twitter.com/fenarinarsa/status/1215604301357309953 ..."     (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2020– via Twitter.
  7. 1 2 Christmas! 🎄, 🎄Feri (11 January 2020). "It was revealed korean studio SAMG wont be animating on S4 and S5 of Miraculous. SAMG was the studio with the best, most beautiful animation, which means that now that theyre gone, the future seasons will be animated by least experiences studios like DQ". @Ferisae_. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  8. ↑ "Gloob vira co-produtor de maior sucesso: As Aventuras de Ladybug". Observatório da Televisão (in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
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  10. ↑ McLean, Tom (4 December 2015). "ZAG's 'Miraculous' Debuts Dec. 6 on Nick". Animation Magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2016. ZAG Animation's long-in-the-works superhero animated series Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir, debuts in the United States at noon ET/PT Dec. 6 on Nickelodeon.
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  16. 1 2 글로벌 공동제작 애니메이션 '레이디버그' EBS 세계 최초 방송 (9월1일 오후 7시) [EBS to be the First in the World to Broadcast Ladybug, a Multinational Animated Co-Production (from 1 September at 7 am)] (Press release) (in Korean). Educational Broadcasting System. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
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Bibliography

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