Notocupes

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Notocupes
Temporal range: Ladinian–Turonian
Notocupes habitus.jpg
Various specimens of Notocupes from the Middle Jurassic of China and mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Archostemata
Family: incertae sedis
Genus: Notocupes
Ponomarenko, 1964
Synonyms
  • SinocupesLin, 1976
  • ChengdecupesHong, 1983
  • ?ConexicoxaLin, 1986
  • Echinocups Kirejtshuk and Jarzembowski, 2020
  • AmblommaTan et al., 2005
  • OvatocupesTan and Ren, 2006

Notocupes is an extinct genus of medium-sized archostematan beetles from the Mesozoic Era of Eurasia, including over 50 described species. Historically, the genus was classified as a member of the family Ommatidae, but the presence of characters such as the horizontal mandibular cutting edge, separated procoxae and overlapping abdominal sternites indicate that the genus may have a closer affinity with the family Cupedidae. [1] Notocupes is considered to be a junior synonym of Zygadenia by Kirejtshuk (2020), [2] but other researchers suggest to reserve the genus Zygadenia as a form taxon for isolated elytra that probably belong to the genus Notocupes, while retaining Notocupes as a valid genus for complete body fossils. [3] [4] [5] Most species of Notocupes were described from compression fossils. An additional three species were described from Cenomanian-aged Burmese amber, which were treated as a separate genus, Echinocups , by Kirejtshuk (2020), but Li et al. (2023) consider Echinocups to be a junior synonym of Notocupes. [6] Notocupes has a flattened body, which may suggest that it occupied narrow habitats, such as living under bark. Some species had serrated/spined margins of the carapace, which may have served as a defense against predators, or served as camouflage to resemble bark. [1]

Contents

Strelnikova & Yan (2023) advise splitting up the genus Notocupes into four genera: Notocupes, Rhabdocupes , Conexicoxa and the new genus Brachilatus. [7]

Triassic species

Ladinian (242 Ma to ~237 Ma)

Tongchuan Formation, China

Carnian (237 Ma to 227 Ma)

Koldzat Formation, Kazakhstan
Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan

Jurassic species

Hettangian (201.3 Ma to 199.3 Ma)

Dzhil Formation, Kyrgyzstan
Guanyintan Formation, China

Toarcian (182.7 Ma to 174.1 Ma)

Guanyintan Formation, China
Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan

Bajocian (170.3 Ma to 168.3 Ma)

Bakhar Formation, Mongolia

Callovian (166.1 Ma to 163.5 Ma)

Haifanggou Formation, China
Tyumen Formation, Russia

Oxfordian (163.5 Ma to 157.3 Ma)

Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan

Tithonian (152.1 Ma To 145.0 Ma)

Shar Teeg, Mongolia
Solnhofen, Germany

Cretaceous species

Hauterivian (132.9 Ma to 129.4 Ma)

Dabeigou Formation, China

Barremian (129.4 Ma to 125.0 Ma)

Jianshangou Formation, China
La Huérguina Formation, Las Hoyas, Spain
La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Las Hoyas, Spain
Ulan-Argalant Formation, Mongolia

Aptian (125.0 to ~113.0 Ma)

Argun Formation, Russia
Baojiatun Formation, China
Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia
Jehol Group, China
Khasurty Formation, Russia
Laiyang Formation, China
Shahai Formation, China
Yixian Formation, China
Zaza Formation, Russia

Albian (~113.0 to 100.5 Ma)

Jinju Formation, South Korea

Cenomanian (100.5 to 93.9 Ma)

Burmese amber, Myanmar

Turonian (93.9 to 89.8 Ma)

Emanra Formation, Russia
Kzyl-Zhar Locality, Kazakhstan

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cupedidae</span> Family of beetles

The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra, which give the family their common name of reticulated beetles.

Catiniidae is an extinct family of beetles in the order Coleoptera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coptoclavidae</span> Extinct family of beetles

Coptoclavidae is an extinct family of aquatic beetles in the suborder Adephaga. The Coptoclavidae lived from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. Coptoclavidae is a member of the adephagan clade Dytiscoidea, which contains other aquatic beetles. Suggested reasons for their extinction to include the rise of teleost fish, or competition with Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae, which possess defensive secretions and sucking channels in the mandibles of larvae, which coptoclavids likely lacked. It has been suggested that the genus Timarchopsis and the subfamily Timarchopsinae are only distantly related to other coptoclavids based on cladistic analysis, with Timarchopsis being more closely related to geadephagans like carabids and trachypachids instead. Another study also suggested similarly for Coptoclavisca and possibly other coptoclaviscines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ommatidae</span> Family of beetles

The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma,Tetraphalerus and Beutelius. The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. Due to their rarity, their ecology is obscure, it is likely that their larvae feed on deadwood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphindidae</span> Family of beetles

Sphindidae is a family of beetles, in the suborder Polyphaga. They are called slime mold beetles due to their exclusive feeding on slime molds during adult and larval stages, other aspects of their life history are obscure. Palaeontological discoveries since 2015 have added to the geologic history of Sphindidae, including the discovery of Libanopsis, placed in the extinct subfamily Libanopsinae.

Brochocoleus is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, known from the Early Jurassic to the Early Late Cretaceous. 9 species are currently recognised, with many species being reassigned to other genera by Kirejtshuk's major systematic revision in 2020.

Eurydictyon is an extinct genus of beetle in the family Ommatidae which contains a single species, Eurydictyon conspicuum. E. conspicuum lived during the Pliensbachian stage of the Early Jurassic, between 189.6 and 183.0 Ma. It measured 18 x 8 mm in length and is known only from specimens found in Kyrgyzstan. Eurydictyon may be closely related to the genus Notocupes.

Notocupoides is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, known from the Carnian Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan, containing the following species:

Rhabdocupes is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, known from the Late Triassic Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan, containing the following species:

Zygadenia is an extinct genus of archostematan beetles from the Jurassic to Cretaceous. It is considered to be a senior synonym of Notocupes by Kirejtshuk (2020), but other researchers suggest to reserve the genus Zygadenia as a form taxon for isolated elytra that probably belong to the genus Notocupes, while retaining Notocupes as a valid genus for complete body fossils.

<i>Cionocoleus</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Cionocoleus is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae.

<i>Omma</i> Genus of beetles

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago, though the placement of this species in Omma has been questioned. Numerous other fossil species are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. The only living species is Omma stanleyi, which is endemic to Australia. Three other extant species endemic to Australia that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020.Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14–20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland.

<i>Tetraphalerus</i> Genus of beetles

Tetraphalerus is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, It is currently known from two extant species native to South America and several fossil species from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia.

2020 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

<i>Allophalerus</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Allophalerus is an extinct genus of beetle in the family Ommatidae. It is known from nine species formerly included in the genus Tetraphalerus.

Diluticupes is an extinct genus of beetle in the family Ommatidae.

Echinocups is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. It was created in 2020 to house three species originally assigned to Notocupes, E. denticollis, E. neli and E. ohmkuhnlei The genus name refers to the sharp spikes present on the elytra. All three species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar. The status of Echinocups as a distinct genus was contested by Li et al. (2023), who considered the genus Echinocups to be a junior synonym of the genus Notocupes.

Burmese amber is fossil resin dating to the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian age recovered from deposits in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar. It is known for being one of the most diverse Cretaceous age amber paleobiotas, containing rich arthropod fossils, along with uncommon vertebrate fossils and even rare marine inclusions. A mostly complete list of all taxa described up until 2018 can be found in Ross 2018; its supplement Ross 2019b covers most of 2019.

<i>Limnomma</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Limnomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle from the Middle Jurassic of China. The type and only known species Limnomma daohugouense is known from the Bathonian aged Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China.

Lepidomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. The genus was first described in 2019 for the species L. tianae. Lepidomma was synonymised with Clessidromma by Kirejtshuk, 2020. This synonymy was disputed by Li et al. (2021), who maintained Lepidomma as a separate genus from Clessidromma. Three additional species of Lepidomma were described in 2020 and 2022. All four species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.

References

  1. 1 2 Li, Yan-Da; Tihelka, Erik; Yamamoto, Shûhei; Newton, Alfred F.; Xia, Fang-Yuan; Liu, Ye; Huang, Di-Ying; Cai, Chen-Yang (2023-08-22). "Mesozoic Notocupes revealed as the sister group of Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata)". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1015627 . ISSN   2296-701X.
  2. Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10...73K. doi: 10.3390/geosciences10020073 . ISSN   2076-3263.
  3. Strelnikova, O.D.; Yan, E.V. (2021). "Redescriptions of beetles of the Notocupes generic complex (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Buryatia". Palaeoentomology. 4 (5): 499–514. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.5.15. S2CID   240527664.
  4. Strelnikova, O.D.; Yan, E.V. (2023). "Redescriptions of the Triassic Notocupes beetles (Archostemata: Ommatidae) from Kyrgyzstan and South Kazakhstan". Palaeoentomology. 6 (2): 174–190. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.9. S2CID   258403180.
  5. Soo Bin Lee; Gi Soo Nam; Yan-Da Li (2022). "A new species of Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation in South Korea". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105357. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005357L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105357. S2CID   252147645.
  6. Li, Y.-D.; Tihelka, E.; Newton, A. F.; Huang, D.-Y.; Cai, C.-Y. (2023). "New species of Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds, with discussion on the generic circumscription". Palaeoentomology. 6 (4): 398–415. doi: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.4.11 .
  7. Strelnikova, O.D.; Yan, E.V. (2023). "On splitting of the genus Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata): new data on morphology and taxonomy". Far Eastern Entomologist. 488: 1–28. doi: 10.25221/fee.488.1 .