Archostemata Temporal range: | |
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Tenomerga mucida | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Suborder: | Archostemata Kolbe, 1908 |
Families | |
Crowsoniellidae Contents |
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting 45 living species in five families. [1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis . Modern archostematan beetles are considered rare, but were more diverse during the Mesozoic. The term "Archostemata" is used more broadly by some authors to include both modern archostematans as well as stem-group beetles like "protocoleopterans", which some modern archostematans closely resemble to due to their plesiomorphic morphology. [2] Genetic research suggests that modern archostematans are a monophyletic group. Some genetic studies have recovered archostematans as the sister group of Myxophaga. [1]
There are five extant families. [3] [4]
Calathus is a genus of ground beetle native to the Palearctic, the Near East and North Africa. There are at least 190 described species in Calathus.
Catiniidae is an extinct family of beetles in the order Coleoptera.
Magnocoleus is an extinct genus of beetles from the Early Cretaceous of China, between 130.0 and 125.45 Mya. The genus contains a single species, Magnocoleus huangjiapuensis, and is the only member of the family Magnocoleidae in the suborder Archostemata. Magnocoleus was first described by Chinese palaeoentomologist Hong Youchong in 1998, based on fossils of isolated elytra from the Qingshila Formation in Huangjiapu, near the Nantianmen village of Zhangjiakou in Hebei. Recent phylogenetic analyses have suggested that Magnocoleus is closely related to or placed within either Cupedidae or Ommatidae.
Psammodiini is a tribe of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are more than 30 genera and 470 described species in Psammodiini.
Cybistrini is a tribe of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are 7 genera and 128 described extant species in Cybistrini. The same set is also called Cybistrinae by authors viewing is as a subfamily of Dytiscidae.
Matinae is a subfamily of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are at least 3 genera and about 10 described species in Matinae.
Metaxina is the only genus in the beetle family Metaxinidae. Its only species is Metaxina ornata. It endemic to the South island of New Zealand, where it is associated with sooty mold growing on Nothofagus trees. Both the larvae and adults are likely predaceous, feeding on insects and other arthropods. It is considered to be a member of the superfamily Cleroidea. Genetic studies have suggested that Metaxina should be considered a member of Chaetosomatidae, rather than constituting its own family.
Promecheilidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. Perimylopidae is considered a synonym. They are found in southern South America and associated archipelagos like South Georgia and the Falklands, New Zealand and Tasmania. Some species are associated tree ferns and moss-covered dead wood, and other forested habitats, while others are associated with peat bogs, grasslands and coastal habitats. They are probably phytophagus, feeding on lichen, moss, and other plant material.
Blaptinae is a subfamily of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are around 300 genera in Blaptinae, divided into 7 tribes.
Amphidorini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 7 genera in Amphidorini.
Blaptini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Blaptini.
Pedinini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 19 genera in Pedinini.
Platyscelidini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about eight genera in Platyscelidini.
Corythoderini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 6 genera and more than 30 described species in Corythoderini.
Odontolochini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 6 genera and more than 20 described species in Odontolochini, found in the Neotropics, Australia, and Africa.
Rhyparini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 14 genera and more than 120 described species in Rhyparini.
Stereomerini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 10 genera and more than 20 described species in Stereomerini.
Termitoderini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are at least two genera and about six described species in Termitoderini. They are found in tropical Africa.
Aulonocneminae is a subfamily of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 5 genera and more than 50 described species in Aulonocneminae, found in Madagascar and east Asia.