Ommatidae

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Ommatidae
Temporal range: Ladinian–Recent
Omma stanleyi CCAL3.0.jpg
Omma stanleyi
Tetraphalerus wagneri.jpg
Tetraphalerus wagneri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Archostemata
Family: Ommatidae
Sharp & Muir, 1912

The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. [1] The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. [2] There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. [3] So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. [4] Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma, Tetraphalerus and Beutelius . [5] The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, [6] but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. [7] A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. [8] Due to their rarity, their ecology is obscure, it is likely that their larvae feed on deadwood. [9]

Contents

Genera

According to Kirejtshuk, 2020 [6] and subsequent literature.

Extinct genera

Extant genera

The extinct genus Fuscicupes Hong and Wang 1990 was included in the family by some authors, but was excluded by Kirejtshuk (2020).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cupedidae</span> Family of beetles

The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra, which give the family their common name of reticulated beetles.

<i>Priacma</i> Genus of beetles

Priacma is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae. It contains a single extant species, Priacma serrata native to western North America and one fossil species, P. megapuncta from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber. Species previously assigned to the genus from the Yixian Formation of China have been subsequently placed in the separate genus Apriacma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brachypsectridae</span> Family of beetles

The Brachypsectridae are a family of beetles commonly known as the Texas beetles. There are only two extant genera, Brachypsectra and Asiopsectra. Brachypsectra has a cosmopolitan distribution, mostly in arid regions, while Asiopsectra is found in Central Asia and the Middle East.

Eurydictyon is an extinct genus of beetle in the family Ommatidae which contains a single species, Eurydictyon conspicuum. E. conspicuum lived during the Pliensbachian stage of the Early Jurassic, between 189.6 and 183.0 Ma. It measured 18 x 8 mm in length and is known only from specimens found in Kyrgyzstan. Eurydictyon may be closely related to the genus Notocupes.

Notocupoides is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, known from the Carnian Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan, containing the following species:

Rhabdocupes is an extinct genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, known from the Late Triassic Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan, containing the following species:

Zygadenia is an extinct genus of archostematan beetles from the Jurassic to Cretaceous. It is considered to be a senior synonym of Notocupes by Kirejtshuk (2020), but other researchers suggest to reserve the genus Zygadenia as a form taxon for isolated elytra that probably belong to the genus Notocupes, while retaining Notocupes as a valid genus for complete body fossils.

<i>Omma</i> Genus of beetles

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago, though the placement of this species in Omma has been questioned. Numerous other fossil species are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. The only living species is Omma stanleyi, which is endemic to Australia. Three other extant species endemic to Australia that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020.Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14–20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland.

<i>Tetraphalerus</i> Genus of beetles

Tetraphalerus is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae, It is currently known from two extant species native to South America and several fossil species from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protocoleoptera</span> Extinct suborder of beetles

The Protocoleoptera are a paraphyletic group of extinct beetles, containing the earliest and most primitive lineages of beetles. They represented the dominant group of beetles during the Permian, but were largely replaced by modern beetle groups during the following Triassic. Protocoleopterans typically possess prognathous (horizontal) heads, distinctive elytra with regular window punctures, culticles with tubercles or scales, as well as a primitive pattern of ventral sclerites, similar to the modern archostematan families Ommatidae and Cupedidae. They are thought to have been xylophagous and wood boring.

2017 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

<i>Bukhkalius</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Bukhkalius is an extinct genus of beetle belonging to the family Ommatidae, it contains the single species, Bukhkalius lindae. It was described in 2017 initially as a species of the extant genus Tetraphalerus and was placed into a separate monotypic genus in 2020, which was reaffirmed in a 2021 study. It is known from a single specimen from Burmese amber, dating to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. The specimen is around 4.7 mm long and around 1.3 mm wide.

<i>Clessidromma</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Clessidromma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. It currently contains a single species Clessidromma palmeri, known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar. Kirejtshuk (2020) synonymised Lepidomma with Clessidromma and included two additional species in the latter: C. tianae, originally the type species of Lepidomma, and C. zengi, a newly described species. Li et al. (2021) disputed the synonymy of Lepidomma with Clessidromma, maintaining Lepidomma as a separate genus, and transferred C. zengi to a new genus, Kirejtomma, in 2021.

Echinocups is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. It was created in 2020 to house three species originally assigned to Notocupes, E. denticollis, E. neli and E. ohmkuhnlei The genus name refers to the sharp spikes present on the elytra. All three species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar. The status of Echinocups as a distinct genus was contested by Li et al. (2023), who considered the genus Echinocups to be a junior synonym of the genus Notocupes.

<i>Paraodontomma</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Paraodontomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle, it is known from three species, P. burmiticum described in 2017, P. szwedoi described in 2018. and P. leptocristatum in 2021. All 3 species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber.

Stegocoleus is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. Its distinctive morphology includes a distinctive flat rim on the outer edge of the elytra similar to those of Burmocoleus and Jarzembowskiops, but is distinguished from those genera by a distinctive prothorax. It is known from 3 species found in Cenomanian aged Burmese amber.

Burmese amber is fossil resin dating to the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian age recovered from deposits in the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar. It is known for being one of the most diverse Cretaceous age amber paleobiotas, containing rich arthropod fossils, along with uncommon vertebrate fossils and even rare marine inclusions. A mostly complete list of all taxa described up until 2018 can be found in Ross 2018; its supplement Ross 2019b covers most of 2019.

This paleoentomology list records new fossil insect taxa that are to be described during the year 2022, as well as notes other significant paleoentomology discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

Lepidomma is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. The genus was first described in 2019 for the species L. tianae. Lepidomma was synonymised with Clessidromma by Kirejtshuk, 2020. This synonymy was disputed by Li et al. (2021), who maintained Lepidomma as a separate genus from Clessidromma. Three additional species of Lepidomma were described in 2020 and 2022. All four species are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.

<i>Notocupes</i> Extinct genus of beetles

Notocupes is an extinct genus of medium-sized archostematan beetles from the Mesozoic Era of Eurasia, including over 50 described species. Historically, the genus was classified as a member of the family Ommatidae, but the presence of characters such as the horizontal mandibular cutting edge, separated procoxae and overlapping abdominal sternites indicate that the genus may have a closer affinity with the family Cupedidae. Notocupes is considered to be a junior synonym of Zygadenia by Kirejtshuk (2020), but other researchers suggest to reserve the genus Zygadenia as a form taxon for isolated elytra that probably belong to the genus Notocupes, while retaining Notocupes as a valid genus for complete body fossils. Most species of Notocupes were described from compression fossils. An additional three species were described from Cenomanian-aged Burmese amber, which were treated as a separate genus, Echinocups, by Kirejtshuk (2020), but Li et al. (2023) consider Echinocups to be a junior synonym of Notocupes. Notocupes has a flattened body, which may suggest that it occupied narrow habitats, such as living under bark. Some species had serrated/spined margins of the carapace, which may have served as a defense against predators, or served as camouflage to resemble bark.

References

  1. "Australian Faunal Directory". Department of the Environment and Energy. Archived from the original on 2011-03-11. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  2. Hünefeld, Frank; Marvaldi, Adriana E.; Müller, Bianca; Lawrence, John F.; Beutel, Rolf Georg (2011). "The male postabdomen of the "ancestral" archostematan beetle Tetraphalerus bruchi Heller, 1913 (Ommatidae) and its phylogenetic significance". Arthropod Structure & Development. 40 (2): 146–158. Bibcode:2011ArtSD..40..146H. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2010.12.003. hdl: 11336/75307 . PMID   21185393.
  3. Yamamoto, Shûhei (2017). "A new genus of Brochocoleini beetle in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae)". Cretaceous Research. 76: 34–39. Bibcode:2017CrRes..76...34Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.04.008.
  4. Song, Zhenyu; Zhao, Xianye; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Xiao, Chuantao (2022-09-01). "Overview of and taphonomic bias in Archostemata (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Cretaceous amber". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 323 (4–6): 119–137. Bibcode:2022PalAA.323..119S. doi:10.1127/pala/2022/0131. ISSN   0375-0442. S2CID   250394641.
  5. "Ommatidae Species List". Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23.
  6. 1 2 Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10...73K. doi: 10.3390/geosciences10020073 . ISSN   2076-3263.
  7. McKenna, Duane D.; Shin, Seunggwan; Ahrens, Dirk; Balke, Michael; Beza-Beza, Cristian; Clarke, Dave J.; Donath, Alexander; Escalona, Hermes E.; Friedrich, Frank; Letsch, Harald; Liu, Shanlin (2019-12-03). "The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (49): 24729–24737. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11624729M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1909655116 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   6900523 . PMID   31740605.
  8. Hörnschemeyer, Thomas (July 2009). "The species-level phylogeny of archostematan beetles-where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong?". Systematic Entomology. 34 (3): 533–558. Bibcode:2009SysEn..34..533H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x. S2CID   84795808.
  9. Adam., Slipinski (2020). "2:Ommatidae". Australian Beetles Volume 2 : Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO Publishing. ISBN   978-0-643-09731-5. OCLC   1127945248.
  10. Lee, Soo Bin; Nam, Gi Soo; Park, Jong Kyun; Lee, Byong Ho; Li, Yan-Da (2023-10-30). "Cretaceous beetles of the Jinju Formation (Coleoptera): Archostemata". Palaeoentomology. 6 (5). doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.5.8. ISSN   2624-2834. S2CID   264597717.
  11. Li, Y.-D.; Tihelka, E.; Newton, A. F.; Huang, D.-Y.; Cai, C.-Y. (2023). "New species of Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds, with discussion on the generic circumscription". Palaeoentomology. 6 (4): 398–415. doi: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.4.11 .
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Li, Yan-Da; Tihelka, Erik; Yamamoto, Shûhei; Newton, Alfred F.; Xia, Fang-Yuan; Liu, Ye; Huang, Di-Ying; Cai, Chen-Yang (2023-08-22). "Mesozoic Notocupes revealed as the sister group of Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata)". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1015627 . ISSN   2296-701X.