Omma

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Omma
Temporal range: Rhaetian–Recent
Omma stanleyi CCAL3.0.jpg
Omma stanleyi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Ommatidae
Genus: Omma
Newman, 1839
Type species
Omma stanleyi
Newman, 1839
Synonyms
  • ProcarabusOppenheim, 1888
  • ChalepocarabusHandlirsch, 1906
  • PyrochroophanaHandlirsch, 1906
  • OmmamimaPonomarenko, 1964
  •  ? Cionocups Kirejtshuk, 2020

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago, though the placement of this species in Omma has been questioned. [1] Numerous other fossil species are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. The only living species is Omma stanleyi , which is endemic to Australia. Three other extant species endemic to Australia that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020. [2] Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14–20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland. [2]

Contents

Description

According to Li, Huang & Cai, 2021, Omma is distinguished from other ommatid beetles by the following characters: [1]

Head without prominent posterior protuberances. Labrum with dentate anterior margin. Separate mentum absent. Anterior third of gulamentum not depressed. Pronotal disc with rounded lateral edges; dorsal surface without ridges or protuberances. Sternopleural suture absent. Prosternal process short. Punctured explanate elytral epipleura absent. CuA of hind wings forked; wedge cell present. Abdominal ventrites abutting.

Species, temporal and spatial distribution

The following extinct and extant species have been described. [3] [4] [5]

Taxa labelled (?) are considered questionable by Kirejtshuk, 2020

Omma stanleyi Newman, 1839 (type), recent, Australia

Fossil species

References

  1. 1 2 3 Li, Yan-Da; Huang, Di-Ying; Cai, Chen-Yang (2021-11-30). "New species of Omma Newman from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera, Archostemata, Ommatidae)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 68 (2): 341–348. doi: 10.3897/dez.68.74174 . ISSN   1860-1324. S2CID   244783528.
  2. 1 2 Escalona, Hermes E.; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam (2020-01-24). "The extant species of the genus Omma Newman and description of Beutelius gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae: Ommatinae)". Zootaxa. 4728 (4): 547–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.11. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   32229891. S2CID   212766123.
  3. Ommatidae Species List Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 11 May 2012.
  4. Tan, Jingjing; Wang, Yongjie; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xingke (2012). "New fossil species of ommatids (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Mesozoic of China illuminating the phylogeny of Ommatidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 113. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-113 . PMC   3518168 . PMID   22776212.
  5. Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10...73K. doi: 10.3390/geosciences10020073 . ISSN   2076-3263.
  6. Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Zheng, Daran; Zhao, Xianye (2021-11-12). "Is the beetle Omma (Insecta: Coleoptera) a living fossil?" . Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 521: SP521–2021–56. doi:10.1144/SP521-2021-56. ISSN   0305-8719. S2CID   244091355.